Theory of Vibration - 18AE56

Old VTU Question’s Answers

Module – 3
Syllabus:
Forced Vibration: Single degree of freedom systems, steady state solution with viscous damping due to
harmonic force. Solution by Complex algebra, reciprocating and rotating unbalance, vibration isolation,
transmissibility ratio due to harmonic excitation and support motion.
Vibration Measuring Instruments & Whirling of Shafts: Vibration of elastic bodies – Vibration of
strings – Longitudinal, lateral and torsional Vibrations.

Part – A & B Questions (Mixing of Questions Expected)

1. Explain forced vibration of a single degree of freedom system in detail. List the reasons for
unbalancing in a system.

2. Derive an expression for forced vibrations of undamped single degree system.

or
With usual notation derive an expression for maximum displacement for a forced vibration of
undamped single degree freedom system.

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3. Determine an expression for steady state amplitude a vibration and mass (complete solution) in a
spring mass damper system when the mass is subjected to harmonic excitation.
Or
Derive an expression for amplitude ratio and phase angle of an absolute support motion and draw the
characteristic curves and explain.

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4. Briefly explain vibration isolation.

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5. Define transmissibility and derive an expression for the transmissibility ratio.
or
Define the transmissibility ratio and show that transmissibility ratio:

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6. Derive an expression for a forced vibration due to base excitation of the support.

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7. A machine part of mass 4Kg vibrates in a viscous medium. A harmonic exciting force of 40N acts on
the machine and causes resonant amplitude of 15mm with a period of 0.2s. Determine the damping
coefficient. If the system is excited by a harmonic force of frequency 4Hz, what will be the percentage
increase in the amplitude of forced vibration, when damper is removed?

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8. A machine of total mass 17 kg is mounted on springs having stiffness K = 11000 N/cm. A piston within
the machine has a mass of 2 kg has a reciprocating motion with stroke of 7.5 cm and speed 6000 rpm.
Assuming the motion to be SHM. Determine: (i) Amplitude of vibration of machine (ii) Transmissibility
(iii) Force transmitted to the ground or foundation. Take .

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9. A machine of total mass 68kg mounted on spring of stiffness K = 11,000 N/cm, with an assumed
damping factor . A piston within the machine has a mass and 2kg has a reciprocating motion
with stroked 7.5cm and a speed of 3000 rpm. Assuming the motion of piston to be 5Hm. Determine : i)
Amplitude of machine ii) Phase angle with respect to exciting force iii) Transmissibility and Force
transmitted to foundation iv) Phase angle of transmitted force with respect to exciting force.

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10. A machine of mass one tonne is acted upon by an external force of 2450 N at a frequency of 1500
rpm. To reduce the effect of vibration, isolator of rubber having a static deflection of 2 mm under the
machine load and an estimated damping factor of 0.2 are used. Determine: (i) Force transmitted to the
foundation (ii) Amplitude of vibration of the machine (iii) Phase lag of the transmitted force with respect
to the external force.

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11. The springs of an automobile trailer are compressed 0.1 m under its own weight. Find the critical
speed when the trailer is travelling over a road with a profile approximated by a sine wave of amplitude
0.08 m and wavelength 14 meters. What will be amplitude of vibration at 60 km/hr?

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12. A machine of mass 75 kg is mounted on springs of stiffness 12 kN/cm with an assumed damping
factor 0.2. A piston within the machine of mass 2 kg has a reciprocating motion with a stroke of 7.5 cm
and a speed 50 Hz. Assuming the motion of the piston to be harmonic determine (i) amplitude of the
machine (ii) Transmissibility (iii) Force transmitted to the foundation (iv) The phase angle of the
transmitted force with respect to the exciting force.
Similar to Q.No. 9. fn = 50Hz given and by using, fn=w/2pi find circular frequency w

13. A TV set of 30 kg mass must be isolated from a machine vibrating with an amplitude of 0.001 m at
1500 rpm. The set is mounted on 5 isolators (mounted in parallel) each having certain stiffness and
damping constant values. If the amplitude of vibration of the TV set is measured as 0.0004 m, determine
the damping constant values and the stiffness of each isolator assuming that they are connected in
parallel and the damping ratio of the system is 0.048. Also determine the dynamic load on each isolator.
Similar Problem:

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14. The vibrating system is displaced for vibrational characteristics. The total mass of the system is 25
kg. At speed of 1000 rpm, the system and the eccentric mass have a phase difference of 900 and the
corresponding amplitude is 1.5 cm. The eccentric unbalanced mass of 1 kg has a radius of rotation of 4
cm. Determine: (i) The natural frequency of the system (ii) Damping factor (iii) Amplitude at 1500 rpm
(iv) Phase angle at 1500 rpm.

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15. A vehicle of mass 490kg and total spring constant of suspension is 60kN/m. The profile of the road
may be approximated to a line curve of amplitude 4cm and wavelength 4m. Determine the critical speed
of the vehicle, the amplitude of the steady motion when the vehicle is driven at critical speed with =
0.5 and also amplitude of the steady motion when the vehicle is driven at 57 km/hr with = 0.5.
Similar Problem:

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16. With a neat sketch, explain the working of: (i) Vibrometer and (ii) Accelerometer
or
Explain the working of a seismic instrument with a neat sketch. State the condition for which the
instrument functions as (i) vibrometer (ii) Accelerometer.
or
With neat sketch, explain the working of seismic instrument.

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17. With a neat sketch, explain the working of: (i) Fallarton Techometer (ii) Frahm tachometer
or
Write short notes on frequency measuring instruments.

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18. Explain the whirling or critical speed of a shaft.
or
Explain the situation through which shaft deformation goes, when shaft speed is increased gradually to
speed much above critical speed from rest.

19. Prove that critical speed for a rotating shaft is same as the frequency of natural transverse vibration.
or
Derive an expression for critical speed of shaft.
or
With the help of neat sketch, derive an expression for critical speed of shaft without air damping.

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20. Derive an expression for amplitude of whirling shaft with air damping.
or
Obtain an expression for the critical speed of shaft with damping.

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21. A vibrometer gives a reading of relative displacement 0.5mm. The natural frequency of vibration is
600rpm and the machine runs at 200rpm. Determine the magnitude of displacement, velocity and
acceleration of the vibrating machine part.

22. A Frahm’s Reed tachometer is used for measuring the frequency of vibration of a system. The reed
is at the resonance frequency of 30Hz when a mass of 0.025kg is placed at its end. The length and the
thickness of the reed are 60mm and 0.6mm respectively. Determine its width if the Young’s modulus of
the reed material is 2.1 x 1011 N/m

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23. A seismic instrument with a natural frequency of 5Hz is used to measure the vibration of a machine
operating at 150rpm. The relative displacement of the seismic mass as read from the instrument is
0.05mm, neglecting air damping, determine the amplitude of vibration of the machine.

24. Prove that an undamped measuring instrument will show a true response for frequency ratio

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25. A rotor of mass 12kg is mounted midway on a 25mm diameter horizontal shaft supported at the end
by two bearing. The span between the bearing is 900mm. Because of some manufacturing defect the
center of gravity of the rotor is 0.02mm away from geometric center of the rotor. If the system rotor at
3000rpm, determine the amplitude of steady state vibration and the dynamic force on the bearing. Take
E = 200GPa.

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26. A disc of mass 4 kg is mounted on a shaft midway between the bearings which may be assumed to
be simple supports. The bearing span is 0.48 m. The steel shaft is horizontal and is 9 mm in diameter.
The centre of gravity of the disc is displaced 3 mm from the geometric centre. The equivalent viscous
damping may be taken as 49 N.s/m. If the shaft rotates at 760 rpm, find the maximum stress in the shaft
and compare it with dead load stress in the shaft. Also find the power required to drive the shaft. Take
E = 2x1011N/m2.

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27. A shaft carrying a rotor of weight 450 N and eccentricity 2.54 mm rotates at 1200 rpm. Determine
(i) Steady state whirl amplitude (ii) Maximum whirl amplitude during start up conditions of the system.
Assume the stiffness of the shaft as 36000 N/m and the external damping ratio as 0.1.

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28. A vibrating body is supported by six isolators each having stiffness 32000 N/m and dash pots each
have 400 N-s/m. The vibrating body is to be isolated by a rotating device having an amplitude of a 0.06
mm at 600 rpm. Take m = 30 kg. Determine the amplitude of vibration of the body and dynamic load
on each isolator.

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