Early Education in Calamba and Biñan on sidewalk.

CALAMBA and BINAN Painting Lessons in Biñan

Rizal had his early education Old Juancho, father-in-law of the school
IIUSTRADO FAMILY characterized by the four teacher, freely gave Jose painting lessons.
R’s READING, WRITING, ARITHMETIC, And Jose Rizal and his classmate Jose
RELIGION. Guevarra became apprentices of the old
painter.
The Hero’s First Teacher
Doña Teodora, his mother, was his Daily Life in Biñan
first teacher.
Private tutors: Maestro Celestino (first tutor) 1.Hears mass at 4:00 AM or studies lesson at
and Maestro Lucas Padua (second tutor). Leon that hour
Monroy, a former classmate of Rizal’s father, before going to mass.
became the hero’s tutor in 2.Goes to the orchard to look for a mabolo to
Spanish and Latin. eat.
3.Breakfast: rice and 2 dried small fish.
His Mother, who was a remarkable woman of 4.Goes to class until 10:00 AM and goes home
good character and fine culture. for lunch.
At the age of three (3) he learned THE 5.Goes back to school at 2:00 PM and comes
ALPHABET AND THE PRAYERS. out at 5:00 pm.
6.Prays with cousins and returns home.
THE UNCLES OF RIZAL 7.Studies lesson and draws a little.
8.Supper: one or 2 rice with an ayungin.
UNCLE JOSE ALBERTO gave wise direction 9.Prays again and if there’s a moon, plays with
in the studies of Rizal. cousins.

UNCLE GREGORIO instilled into the mind of Best Student in School

jose the love for education.
Jose surpassed his classmates in
Jose Goes to Biñan Spanish, Latin, and other subjects.
His older classmates were jealous and
After Monroy’s death, Rizal’s parents decided wickedly squealed to the teacher whenever he
to send him to a private school in Biñan. had fights.
June 1869. Jose left Calamba for Biñan with Jose usually received five or six blows
Paciano. while laid out on a bench from his teacher.
Carromata – their mode of transportation.
Aunt’s House – where Jose lodge. End of Biñan Schooling

FIRST DAY IN BINAN SCHOOL December 17, 1870 – Jose left Biñan using the
steamer Talim for Calamba.
MAESTRO JUSTINIANO AQUINO Arturo Camps – Frenchman and friend of his
CRUZ formal teacher father who took care of him during his trip.
Rizal described Maestro Justiniano as
tall, thin, long-necked, with a body slightly bend Martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za
forward and he used to wear a sinamy shirt. January 20, 1872 – Cavite Mutiny.
The school was Justiniano’s house February 17, 1872 – Fathers Mariano Gomez,
First School Brawl Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora were
implicated and executed.
Jose challenged Pedro to a fight The GOMBURZA were leaders of the
and he won having learned the art of secularization movement.
wrestling from his athletic Tio Manuel. The martyrdom of the 3 priests inspired Rizal
Andres Salandaan challenged Rizal to to fight the evils of Spanish tyranny.
an arm-wrestling match. Jose, having the Paciano quit his studies at the College
weaker arm, lost and nearly cracked his head of San Jose and returned to Calamba, where
he told the heroic story of Burgos to Rizal. (2) he was sickly and undersized for his age
In 1891, Rizal dedicated his second novel El (11 years old).
Filibusterismo to GOMBURZA.
Manuel Xerez Burgos – nephew of Father
INJUSTICE TO THE HERO’S MOTHER Burgos; upon his intercession, Jose Rizal was
admitted at Ateneo.
In 1872, DONA TEODORA was Jose used Rizal instead of Mercado because
arrested on maliscious charge that she aided the name “Mercado” had come under
his brother JOSE ALBERTO to trying to poison suspicion of the Spanish authorities.
his wife. Boarded in a house on Caraballo Street,
Fifty (50) Kilometres Dona Teodora was owned by Titay who owed Rizal family 300
made to walk from Calamba to the provincial pesos.
prison in Santa Cruz.

Jesuit System of Education

Don Francisco de Marcaida & Jesuit trained the character of the student by
Don Manuel Mazano most famous lawyers of rigid discipline, humanities, and religious
Manila, instruction.
defended Dona Teodora in court . After The students heard Mass in the morning
2 1/2 years the Royal Audiencia acquitted before the beginning of daily class.
Dona Teodora. Classes were opened and closed with prayers.
Students were divided into two groups: Roman
Scholastic Triumphs at Ateneo de Manila Empire – consisting of the internos (boarders)
(1872-1877) with red banners; and Carthaginian Empire –
composed of the externos (non-boarders) with
Jose was sent to Manila four months blue banners.
after the Martyrdom of GomBurZa and with
Doña Teodora still in prison. He studied in the Each of these empires had its rank.
Ateneo Municipal, a college under the Students fought for positions. Any
supervision of the Spanish Jesuits. student could challenge any officer in his
“empire” to answer questions on the
Ateneo Municipal day’s lesson. With 3 mistakes, opponents
could lose his position.
Bitter rival of the Dominican-owned College of
San Juan de Letran 1st best: EMPEROR
Formerly the Escuela Pia (Charity School) – for 2nd best: TRIBUNE
poor boys in Manila established in 1817. 3rd best: DECURION
In 1859, name was changed to Ateneo 4th best: CENTURION
Municipal by the Jesuits and later became the 5th best: STANDARD-BEARER
Ateneo de Manila.
Ateneo students’ uniform is consisted of
Rizal Enters the Ateneo “hemp-fabric trousers” and “striped cotton
coat”. The coat was called rayadillo and was
June 10, 1872 – Jose, accompanied by adopted as the uniform for Filipino troops
Paciano, went to Manila to take during the days of the First Philippine Republic.
theentrance examinations on Christian
Doctrine, arithmetic, and reading at College of Rizal’s First Year in Ateneo (1872-73)
San Juan de Letran, and passed them. His
father was the first one who wished him to June 1872 – first day of class in Ateneo.
study at Letran but he changed his mind and Fr. Jose Bech – first professor of Rizal.
decided to send Jose at Ateneo instead Rizal was placed at the bottom of the class
since he was a newcomer and knows little
Father Magin Fernando – college registrar of Spanish. He was an externo and was assigned
Ateneo Municipal, refused to admit Jose to Carthaginians. At the end of the month, he
because: (1) he was late for registration and
became emperor of his Empire. He was the
brightest pupil in the whole class.
Took private lessons in Santa Isabel College Third Year in Ateneo (1874-75)
and paid 3 pesos for extra Spanish lessons.
Placed 2nd at the end of the year, although all Shortly after the opening of classes, his mother
his grades were still marked Excellent. was released from prison.
Rizal did not make an excellent showing in his
Summer Vacation (1873) studies.
He failed to win the medal in Spanish because
March 1873 – Rizal returned to Calamba for his spoken was not fluently sonorous.
summer vacation.
His sister Neneng (Saturnina) brought him to Fourth Year in Ateneo (1875-76)
Tanawan to cheer him up.
Visited his mother in prison at Santa Cruz June 16, 1875 – he became an inferno in
without telling his father. Ateneo.
After vacation, he returned to Manila for his Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez – inspired him
2nd year term in Ateneo. to study harder and write poetry. Rizal
Boarded inside Intramuros at No. 8 Magallanes described him as “model of uprightness,
Street. earnestness, and love for the advancement of
Doña Pepay – landlady and old widow with a his pupils”.
widowed daughter and four sons He returned to Calamba with 5 medals and
excellent ratings.
Second Year in Ateneo (1873-74)
Rizal lost the leadership but he repented Last Year in Ateneo (1876-77)
and even studied harder, once more he
became emperor. He received excellent June 1876 – last year of Rizal in Ateneo.
grades in all subjects and a gold medal. The most brilliant Atenean of his time, “the
He had 3 classmates from Biñan who had also pride of the Jesuits”.
been his classmates in the school of Maestro Obtained highest grades in all subjects.
Justiniano.
Graduation with Highest Honors
Prophecy of Mother’s Release
Excellent scholastic records from 1872-1877.
Doña Teodora told her son of her dream the March 23, 1877 – Commencement Day. 16
previous night. Rizal, interpreting the dream, year old Rizal received from his Alma Mater
told her that she would be released from prison the degree of Bachelor of Arts with highest
in 3 months’ time. It became true. honors.

Doña Teodora likened his son to the youthful Graduation with Highest Honors
Joseph in the Bible in his ability to interpret
dreams. Excellent scholastic records from 1872-1877.
March 23, 1877 – Commencement Day. 16
year old Rizal received from his Alma Mater
Teenage Interest in Reading the degree of Bachelor of Arts with highest
honors.
The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander
Dumas – Jose Rizal’s first favorite novel. Extra-Curricular Activities
Also read non-fiction, Cesar Cantu’s historical
work Universal History. An emperor inside the classroom and campus
He also read Travels in the Philippines by Dr. leader outside.
Feodor Jagor, German who visited the Secretary of the Marian Congregation.
Philippines in 1859-1860. In this book, he Member of Academy of Spanish Literature and
foretold that someday Spain would lose the the Academy of Natural Sciences.
Philippines and that America would come to Studied painting under the famous Spanish
succeed here as colonizer. painter Agustin Saez.
Studied sculpture under Romualdo de Jesus,
noted Filipino sculptor. Al Niño Jesus (To the Child Jesus) – a brief
Engaged in gymnastics and fencing. ode; written in 1875 when he was 14 years old.
Fr. Jose Villaclara advised him to stop A La Virgen Maria (To the Virgin Mary).
communing with the muses and pay more
attention to practical studies such as Dramatic Work in Ateneo
philosophy and natural science.
Father Sanchez, his favorite teacher, ask him
Sculptural Works in Ateneo to
write a drama based on the prose story of
Carved an image of The Virgin Mary on a St. Eustace
piece of batikuling (Philippine hardwood). the Martyr.
Father Lleonart requested him to carve an Summer 1876 in Calamba - he wrote the
image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Ateneo religious drama in poetic verses.
students placed the image on the door of the June 02, 1876 - finished the manuscript.
dormitory and remained there for many years. He submitted the finished manuscript entitled
“San Eustacio, Martir” (St. Eustace, the Martyr)
Poems Written in Ateneo to Father Sanchez in his last academic year in
Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First Inspiration) – Ateneo.
first poem he wrote for his
mother’s birthday. First Romance of Rizal
In 1875, inspired by Father Sanchez, he wrote
more poems such as: 16 years old - Rizal experienced his first
Filicitacion (Felicitation), El Embarque: romance.
Himno a la Flota de Magallanes (The Segunda Katigba - a pretty 14 years old
Departure Hymn to Magellan’s fleet), Y Es Batangueña from Lipa; sister of his friend
Espanol: Elcano, the first to Mariano Katigbak.
circumnavigate the world), and El Combate: His sister Olimpia was a close friend of
Urbiztondo Terror de Jolo (The Battle: Segunda in La Concordia College.
Urbiztondo, Terror of Jolo). Segunda was already engaged to Manuel Luz.
In 1876, Rizal wrote poems on various topics: His first romance was ruined by his own
Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblu (In Memory of My shyness and reserve.
Town), Alianza Intima Entre la Region Y La Segunda returned to Lipa and later married
Buena Educacion (Intimate Alliance Between Manuel Luz. Rizal remained in Calamba, a
Religion and Good Education), Por la frustrated lover, cherishing nostalgic memories
Educacion Recibe Lustre La Patria (Through of lost love.
Education the Country Receive Light), E
Cultivero Y El Triunfo (The Captivity and the Medical Studies at the University of Santo
Triumph: Battle of Lucena and the Tomas (1877-1882)
Imprisonment of Boabdil), and La Entrada Mother’s Opposition to Higher Education
Triuntal de Los Reyes Catolices en Granada
(The Triumphal Entry of The Catholic Doña Teodora opposed the idea of sending
Monarches into Granada). Rizal to UST to pursue higher education
because she knew what happened to Gom-
A year later, in 1877 he wrote more poems: El Bur-Za and the Spaniards might cut off his
Heroismo de Colon (The Heroism of head if he gets to know more. Rizal was
Colombus), Colon y Juan II (Colombus and surprised by his mother’s opposition, who was
John II ), Gran Consuelo en la Mayor Desdicha a woman of education and culture. Despite his
(Great Solace in Great Misfortune), and Un mother’s tears, Don Francisco told Paciano to
Diarogo Alusivo a la Despedida de los accompany Rizal to Manila.
Colegiales (A Farewell Dialogue of the
Students. Rizal Enters the University

April 1877 – Rizal matriculated in the

Rizal’s Religious Poems University of Santo Tomas.
He enrolled in UST taking up Philosophy and Rizal sent her love notes written in invisible ink.
Letter for two reasons: (1) his father liked it and This ink consisted of common table salt and
(2) he was “still uncertain as to what career to water. He taught Orang the secret of reading
pursue” any note written in the invisible ink by heating it
He asked the advice of Father Pablo Ramon over a candle or lamp so that the words may
(Rector of the Ateneo) on what career to appear.
choose but Father Recto was in Mindanao so
he was unable to advice Rizal. Leonor Rivera
First-year Term (1877-78) – Rizal studied Rizal’s cousin from Camiling.
Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy, and Born in Camiling, Tarlac on April 11, 1867.
History of Philosophy. A student of La Concordia College where
Ateneo Rector’s advice – study medicine; Rizal’s youngest sister, Soledad was then
reason: to be able to cure his mother’s growing studying.
blindness. Frail, pretty girl “tender as a budding flower
with kindly, wistful eyes”.
They became engaged.
Finishes Surveying Course in Ateneo (1878) In her letters to Rizal, Leonor signed her name
as “Taimis”, in order to camouflage their
While Rizal was studying at UST, he also intimate relationship from their parents and
studied in Ateneo. He took friends.
the vocational course leading to the title of Rizal lived in: Casa Tomasina No. 6 Calle
“perito agrimensor” (expert Santo Tomas, Intramuros Antonio Rivero –
surveyor). Rizal’s landlord-uncle is the father of Leonor
Colleges for boys in Manila offered vocational Rivera.
courses in agriculture, commerce, mechanics,
and surveying. Victim of Spanish Officer’s Brutality
He excelled in all subjects in the surveying
course obtaining gold medals in agriculture One dark night in Calamba, during the summer
and topography. vacation in 1878, when
At the age of 17, he passed the final Rizal was walking in the street and dimly
examination in the surveying course. perceived the figure of a man while
November 25, 1881 – he was granted the title passing him. Not knowing the person was
as surveyor. a lieutenant of the Guardia Civil; he did
Because of his loyalty to Ateneo, he continued not salute nor say greetings. With a snarl,
to participate actively in the Ateneo’s extra- he turned upon Rizal, whipped out his
curricular activities. sword and brutally slashed his back.
He was president of the Academy of Spanish Rizal reported the incident to General Primo de
Literature and secretary of the Academy of Rivera, the Spanish Governor General of the
Natural Sciences. Philippines at that time, but nothing came out
because he was an Indio and the accused was
Romances with Other Girls a Spaniard. Later in a letter to Blumentritt
Miss L dated March 21, 1887, he related, “I went to
Fair with seductive and attractive eyes. the Captain- General but I could not obtain
Romance died a natural death. justice; my wound lasted two weeks.”
2 Reasons for his change of heart: (1) the
sweet memory To the Filipino Youth” (1879)
of Segunda was still fresh in his heart and Liceo Artisco-Literano (Artistic-Literary
(2) his father did not like Lyceum) of Manila – society of
the family of “Miss L”. literary men and artists; held a literary
Leonor Valenzuela contest.
Daughter of the next-door neighbors of Doña At the age of 18, Rizal submitted his poem
Concha Leyva (her house is where Rizal entitled A La Juventud
boarded). Filipina (To the Filipino Youth).
Tall girl with a regal bearing. The Board of Judges – composed of
Pet name: Orang. Spaniards; gave the first prize to Rizal which
consisted of a silver pen, feather-shaped and They took a casco (flat-bottom sailing vessel)
decorated with a gold ribbon. from Calamba to Pakil, Laguna, and stayed at
Rizal beseeched the Filipino youth to rise from the home of Mr. and Mrs. Manuel Regalado,
lethargy, to let their genius fly swifter than the whose son Nicolas was Rizal’s friend in
wind and descend with art and science to Manila.
break the chains that have long bound the Rizal and his companions were fascinated by
spirit of people. the famous turumba (people dancing in the
Reasons why Rizal’s poem was a classic in streets during the procession in honor of the
Philippine Literature: (1) it was the first great miraculous Birhen Maria de los Dolores)
poem in Spanish written by a Filipino, whose Rizal was infatuated by a pretty girl colegiala,
merit was recognized by Spanish literary Vicenta Ybardolaza, who skillfully played the
authorities and (2) it expressed for the first time harp at the Regalado home.
the nationalistic concept that the Filipinos were Reasons why Rizal and his company
the “fair hope of the Fatherland”. made side trip to the neighboring town of
Pagsanjan: (1) it was the native town of Leonor
The Council of the Gods” (1880) Valenzuela and (2) to see the world famed
Pagsanjan Falls.
Artistic-Literary Lyceum – opened another
literary contest Champion of Filipino Students
for both Filipino and Spaniards to Rizal was the champion of the Filipino students
commemorate the fourth in their fights against the arrogant Spanish
centennial of the death of Cervantes, students, who insultingly called their brown
Spain’s glorified man-of classmates “Indio, chongo!” In retaliation, the
letters and famous author of Don Quixote. Filipino students called them “Kastila,
Rizal submitted an allegorical drama entitled El bangus!”.
Consejo de los Dioses (The Council of the In 1880 - Rizal founded a secret society of
Gods) and he received the first prize, a gold Filipino students in the University of Santo
ring on which was engraved the bust of Tomas called “Compaňerismo” (Comradeship),
Cervantes. whose members were called “Companions of
Jehu,” after the valiant Hebrew general who
Other Literary Works fought the Armaeans.
Galicano Apacible - Rizal’s cousin from
Junto al Pasic (Beside the Pasig) (1880) – a Batangas; secretary of Compañerismo.
zarzuela which Fierce encounter near the Escolta in Manila
was staged by the Ateneans on December 08, where Rizal was wounded on the head, and
1880, on the tenderly washed and dressed by Leonor
annual celebration of the Feast Day of the Rivera in his boarding house “Casa Tomasina”.
Immaculate Conception (Patrones of the
Ateneo). Unhappy Days at the UST
A Filipinas (1880) – a sonnet he wrote for the
album of the Society of Sculptors. He was unhappy at this Dominican institution
Abd-el-Azis (1879) – a poem declaimed by of
Manuel Fernandez on the night of December higher learning because (1) the Dominican
08, 1879 in honor of the Ateneo’s Patroness. professors
Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramon (1881) – a poem he were hostile to him; (2) the Filipino students
wrote as an expression of affection to Father were
Pablo Ramon. racially discriminated against by the
Spaniards, and
Rizal’s Visit to Pakil and Pagsanjan (3) the method of instruction was obsolete
Summer of May 1881 - Rizal went to a and
pilgrimage to the town of pakil, famous shrine repressive.
of the Birhen Maria de los Dolores. Rizal, the most brilliant graduate of Ateneo,
He was accompanied by his sisters—Saturnina failed to win high scholastic honors.
, Maria, and Trinidad and their female friends.
Decision to Study Abroad May 08, 1882 - he saw a beautiful island; he
remembered “Talim Island with the Susong
After finishing the fourth year of his medical Dalaga”
course, Rizal decided to study in Spain. He May 09 - the Salvadora docked at Singapore.
could no longer endure the rampant bigotry, Hotel de la Paz – Rizal registered here and
discrimination, and hostility in the University of spent two days on sightseeing on a soiree of
Santo Tomas. the city.
He did not seek his parent’s permission and
blessings to go abroad; and even his beloved From Singapore to Colombo
Leonor. May 11 - Rizal transferred to another ship
Djemnah, a French streamer.
In Sunny Spain (1882-1885) Among these passengers were British, French,
Dutch, Spaniards, Malays, Siamese, and
Rizal’s Secret Mission Filipinos (Mr. & Mrs. Salazar, Mr. Vicente
Pardo, and Jose Rizal).
To observe keenly the life and culture, May 17- the Djemnah reached Point Galle, a
languages seacoast town in southern Ceylon (now Sri
and customs, industries, commerce and Lanka). Rizal was unimpressed by this town;
government he said it is “picturesque but lonely and quiet
and laws of the Europian Nations in order to and at the same time sad”.
prepare Colombo - the capital of Ceylon; Rizal wrote on
himself in the mighty task of liberating of his diary “Colombo is more beautiful, smart
oppressed and elegant than Singapore, Point Galle and
people from Spanish tyranny. Manila”.
Approval of his older brother Paciano
Rizal has no permission and blessings to his First Trip Through Suez Canal
parents. From Colombo, Djemnah continued the
voyage crossing the
Secret Departure for Spain Indian Ocean to the Cape of Guardafui, Africa,
The people who knows Rizal will go to Spain: and then a
Older brother (Paciano) stopover on Aden. From Aden, Djemnah
His uncle (Antonio Rivera, father of Leonor proceeded to the
Rivera) city of Suez, the Red Sea terminal of the Suez
His sisters (Neneng and Lucia) Canal.
Valenzuela family (Capitan Juan and Capitana It took five days to traverse the Suez Canal. At
Sanday and their daughter Orang) Port Said, the Mediterranean terminal of the
Pedro A. Paterno Suez Canal, Rizal landed and he was
Mateo Evangelista – his compadre fascinated to hear the multi-racial inhabitants
Ateneo Jesuit fathers speaking a babel of tongues – Arabic,
Some intimate friends, including Chengoy Egyptian, Greek, French, Italian, Spanish, etc.
(Jose M. Cecilio). Rizal sighted the barren coast of Africa which
Jose Mercado - the name he used; a cousin he called an “inhospitable land but famous”.
from Biñan. Aden - hotter than manila; he was amused to
May 3, 1882 - Rizal departed on board the see the camels.
Spanish streamer Salvadora bound for Ferdinand de Lesseps (French diplomat-
Singapore. engineer) - built the Suez Canal, inaugurated
on Nov. 17, 1869.
Singapore
The only Filipino to board the steamer with 16 Naples and Marseilles
passengers, the rest was Spaniards, British, June 11 – Rizal reached Naples.
and Indian Negroes. June 12 – the steamer docked at the French
Captain Donato Lecha - ship captain from harbor of Marseilles. He visited the famous
Asturias, Spain, befriended him. Chateau d’lf, where Dantes, hero of The Count
of Monte Cristo, was imprisoned.
Stayed 2 ½ days at Marseilles.
Barcelona Hall of Arms of Sanz y Carbonell – place
May 15 – Rizal left Marseilles. where practiced fencing and shooting.
June 16, 1882 – Rizal reached Barcelona, the Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey – former city mayor of
greatest city of Cataluña and Spain’s 2nd Manila; promoted vice-president of the Council
largest city. of the Philippines in the Ministry of Colonies
Rizal’s first impression on Barcelona: ugly, with (Ultramar).
dirty little inns and inhospitable residents.
Second impression: a great city, with an Romance with Consuelo Ortiga y Perez
atmosphere of freedom and liberalism, and its Consuelo – prettiest daughter of Don Pablo fell
people were open-hearted, hospitable, and in love with Rizal.
courageous. A La Señorita C. O. y P. (To Miss C. O. y P.) –
Las Ramdas - most Famous street in a lovely poem he composed on August 22,
Barcelona 1883 dedicated to Consuelo.
He backed out into a serious affair because (1)
“Amor Patrio” he was still engaged to Leonor Rivera and (2)
“Amor Patrio” (Love of Country) – nationalistic his friend and co-worker in the Propaganda
essay; his first article written on Spain’s soil. Movement, Eduardo de Lete, was madly in
Basilio Teodoro Moran – publisher of Diariong love with Consuelo.
Tagalog, first Manila bilingual newspaper
(Spanish and Tagalog. Rizal as Lover of Books
It was under Rizal’s pen name: Laong Laan. Señor Roces – owner of store where Rizal
Printed in Diariong Tagalog on August 20, purchased 2nd hand books.
1882. Rizal was deeply affected by Beecher Stowe’s
Published in two texts – Spanish (originally “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” and Eugene Sue’s “The
written by Rizal in Barcelona) and Tagalog Wandering Jew”.
(made by
M.H. del Pilar). Rizal as a Mason
“Los Viajes” (Travels) – second article for March 1883 – joined the Masonic lodge called
Diariong Tagalog “Acacia” in Madrid.
“Revista de Madrid” (Review of Madrid) – third Reason for becoming a mason: to secure
article; wrote in Madrid on November 29, 1882; Freemasonry’s aid in his fight against the friars
returned to him because the Diariong Tagalog in the Philippines.
had ceased publication due to lack of funds. Lodge Solidaridad (Madrid) – where he
became a Master Mason on November 15,
Manila Moves to Madrid 1890.
September 15, 1882 - Rizal received a letter February 15, 1892 – he was awarded the
from Paciano. According to the letter, cholera diploma as Master Mason by Le Grand Orient
was ravaging Manila and the provinces. de France in Paris.
Sad news from Chengoy, Leonora Rivera was “Science, Virtue and Labor” – only Masonic
unhappy and getting thinner because of the writing.
absence of a loved one. Very active in Masonic affairs: M.H. del Pilar,
In one of his letters (dated May 26, 1882) G. Lopez Jaena, and Mariano Ponce.
Paciano advised Rizal to finish his medical
course in Madrid, therefore, Rizal establish Rizal’s Salute to Luna and Hidalgo
himself to Madrid. June 25, 1884 – the banquet was sponsored
by the Filipino community.
Life in Madrid Luna’s Spolarium won first prize and Hidalgo’s
November 3, 1882 – Rizal enrolled in the Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace,
Universidad Central de Madrid (Central second prize in the National Exposition of Fine
University of Madrid in 2 courses: Medicine Arts in Madrid.
and Philiosophy and Letters.
Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando – Rizal Involved in Student Demonstrations
school where he studied painting and November 20, 21, and 22, 1884 – Madrid
sculpture. exploded in bloody riots by the students of the
Central University.
Dr. Miguel Morayta – professor of history;
these student demonstrations were caused by
his address “the freedom of science and the
teacher”.
The appointment of the new Rector intensified
the fury of the student demonstrators.

Studies Completed in Spain

June 21, 1884 - degree of Licentiate in
Medicine by the Universidad Central de
Madrid.
Did not present the thesis required for
graduation nor paid the corresponding fees, he
was not awarded his Doctor’s diploma.
June 19, 1885 (his 24th birthday) – degree of
Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters by the
Universidad Central de Madrid.