Chapter 02

Chapter 2
BASIC SENTENCE PATTERNS
3. With Intransitive Verbs

4. With Transitive Verbs
5. With Linking Verbs
SELF-TEST
5
Grammar Time Nguyen Tri Tuan – Nguyen
Tuan Kiet
3 With Intransitive Verbs
Subject + Vi
Intransitive verbs (Vi) are those which do
not require any objects to follow them “cry,
fly, smile, agree, arrive, exist…”.
Birds sing.
S Vi
The sun shines.
S Vi
A man and a woman are kissing outside a coffee shop across the
avenue.
S Vi
4 With Transitive Verbs
Subject + Vt + Object
Transitive verbs (Vt) are those which must be followed by an object

to make the sentence complete “buy, like, love, cut, want…”.
Carpenters build houses.
S Vt O
Some verbs can be followed by two objects: direct object (D.O - often
referring to things) and indirect object (I.O - often referring to
people).
 When D.O precedes I.O, there must be “to” or “for”.
V + D.O + to / for + I.O
We sent a letter to the man. = I sent the man a letter.

D.O I.O
 When I.O precedes D.O, there is no “to” or “for”.
V + I.O + D.O
We sent the man a letter.

I.O D.O
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Nguyen Tri Tuan – Nguyen Tuan Kiet
Chapter 2
NOTES:
i) A direct object answers the question “What?”
Question : What did you buy?
Answer : An English book.
ii) An indirect object answers the question “Who(m)?”

Question : Who(m) did you buy this English book for?
Answer : Robert.
iii) When the direct object is a pronoun, it must precede the indirect
object.
Question : Did you buy this English book for Robert?
Correct answer: Yes, I did. I bought it for him.
Don’t say : I bought him it.
iv) Verbs followed by indirect objects introduced by “to”: write,
give, hand, lend, send, tell, pass, show, offer, etc.
He wrote a letter to his father last week.
v) Verbs followed by indirect objects introduced by “for”: bring,
build, buy, change, choose, cook, do, fetch, fix, get, keep,
make, order, prepare, save, etc.
You should not buy anything for him.
5 With Linking Verbs
Subject + VLinking + Complement
 Linking verbs (Vlinking) consist of: “be, seem, appear, look,

feel, sound, taste, smell, become” (and get, turn, grow when
they mean ‘become’).
 Complements modify subjects.
 Complements following “be” and “become” can be adjectives
or nouns.
 Complements following the others must be adjectives.
He is my uncle.
C (N)
My teacher is devoted.
C (Adj)
I will become a doctor.
C (N)
Her dream became true.
C (Adj)
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Tuan Kiet
NOTES:
Complements are different from objects.
 Complements modify subjects and follow linking verbs.
Your ideas sound appealing.
C
 Objects modify and stand after verbs which are not linking
verbs.
I need a larger house.
8
Chapter 2
SELF-TEST
TEST 1
Identify the structures of the following sentences.
1. Birds fly.
S Vi
2. He drank a lot.
3. I love you.
4. You look anxious.
5. He made me a cup of coffee.
6. She got angry.
7. Dogs like bones.
8. The orange juice tastes sour.
9. I wrote some letters to her.
10. They felt unpleasant.
TEST 2
These sentences are correct or incorrect. If correct, write C. If
incorrect, write I, then correct it.
1. My sister sent me lots of _ ________________________.

postcards. _ ________________________.
2. I felt sadly. _ ________________________.
3. He bought. _ ________________________.
4. His friend gave a present me. _ ________________________.
5. Nobody likes him. _ ________________________.
6. Swimming a good exercise. _ ________________________.
7. The room looks tidy. _ ________________________.
8. The servant opened the door.
TEST 3
There are two simple sentences for each question. Choose the
letter (A, B, C or D) that best combines the two simple
sentences using “and or or”.
1. I got angry. I ran away.
A. I got angry and ran away. B. I got angry, and ran away.
C. I got angry or ran away. D. I got angry, ran away.
9
Tuan Kiet
2. I don't know how to speak Japanese. I don't know how to speak

German.
A. I don't know Japanese or German.
B. I don't know how to speak Japanese and German.
C. I don't know how to speak Japanese or German.
D. I don't know Japanese and German.
3. Would you like green tea? Would you like black tea?
A. Would you like tea green or black?
B. Would you like green tea and black tea?
C. Would you like green and black tea?
D. Would you like green tea or black tea?
4. My girlfriend likes fine jewelry and expensive clothes. Her friend
likes fine jewelry and expensive clothes.
A. My girlfriend and her friend likes fine jewelry and expensive
clothes.
B. My girlfriend or her friend like fine jewelry and expensive
clothes.
C. My girlfriend and her friend like fine jewelry and expensive
clothes.
D. Her and my girlfriend like fine jewelry and expensive clothes.
5. Did you go to the opera? Did you go to the ballet?
A. Did you go to the opera, and the ballet?
B. Did you go to opera and ballet?
C. Did you go to the opera or the ballet?
D. Did you go to opera and did you go to the ballet?
TEST 4
Complete the sentences by putting the words into the correct
order.
1. him / money / have / the / all / I / paid
______________________________________________________________.
2. lovely / brought / flowers / me / of / he / a / bunch
______________________________________________________________.
3. present / grandmother / have / I / your / for / a / hope / you / bought
______________________________________________________________.
4. some / money / give / shoes / the / new / can / for / me / you / ?
______________________________________________________________.
5. fruit / you / mother / like / this / your / take / to / I’d / to
______________________________________________________________.
6. give / hoping / job / will / new / they / am / a / me / I
______________________________________________________________.
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Chapter 2
7. timetable / please / find / Rose / train / can / for / you / the / ?

______________________________________________________________.
11
Tuan Kiet
8. Andrew / gave / to / your / letter / I

______________________________________________________________.
9. the / show / why / garden / her / you / don’t / ?
______________________________________________________________.
10. a / everybody / make / for / will / drink / I
______________________________________________________________.
12

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Chapter 2

BASIC SENTENCE PATTERNS

3. With Intransitive Verbs

3 With Intransitive Verbs

4 With Transitive Verbs

Transitive verbs (Vt) are those which must be followed by an object

 When D.O precedes I.O, there must be “to” or “for”.

V + D.O + to / for + I.O

We sent a letter to the man. = I sent the man a letter.

We sent the man a letter.

ii) An indirect object answers the question “Who(m)?”

5 With Linking Verbs

Subject + VLinking + Complement

 Linking verbs (Vlinking) consist of: “be, seem, appear, look,

4. You look anxious.

5. He made me a cup of coffee.

6. She got angry.

7. Dogs like bones.

8. The orange juice tastes sour.

9. I wrote some letters to her.

10. They felt unpleasant.

1. My sister sent me lots of _ ________________________.

C. I got angry or ran away. D. I got angry, ran away.

2. I don't know how to speak Japanese. I don't know how to speak

7. timetable / please / find / Rose / train / can / for / you / the / ?

8. Andrew / gave / to / your / letter / I

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