Question paper_ June 2024 (H432_01)

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Oxford Cambridge and RSA

Monday 10 June 2024 – Morning


A Level Chemistry A
H432/01 Periodic table, elements and physical chemistry
Time allowed: 2 hours 15 minutes

You must have:


* 1 3 4 9 1 5 1 5 1 3 *

• the Data Sheet for Chemistry A


You can use:
• a scientific or graphical calculator
• an HB pencil

* H 4 3 2 0 1 *

Please write clearly in black ink. Do not write in the barcodes.

Centre number Candidate number

First name(s)

Last name

INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink. You can use an HB pencil, but only for graphs and diagrams.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If you need extra space use
the lined pages at the end of this booklet. The question numbers must be clearly shown.
• Answer all the questions.
• Where appropriate, your answer should be supported with working. Marks might be
given for using a correct method, even if your answer is wrong.

INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 100.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• Quality of extended response will be assessed in questions marked with an asterisk (*).
• This document has 32 pages.

ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer.

© OCR 2024 [601/5255/2] OCR is an exempt Charity


DC (DE/CT) 333446/5 Turn over
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SECTION A

You should spend a maximum of 20 minutes on this section.

Write your answer to each question in the box provided.

1 Oxygen has the electron configuration 1s22s22p4.

How are the electrons in an atom of oxygen arranged in the p-orbitals?

A
↑↑ ↑↑

B
↑↓ ↑↓

C
↑↑ ↑ ↑

D
↑↓ ↑ ↑

Your answer [1]

2 Water has the anomalous properties below.

• Water has relatively high melting and boiling points.


• Ice is less dense than water.

Which statement explains these anomalous properties?

A The covalent bonding within water molecules.

B The hydrogen bonding between water molecules.

C The induced dipole–dipole interactions (London forces) between water molecules.

D The ionic bonding between water molecules.

Your answer [1]

© OCR 2024
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3 Which chemical process is the most sustainable in terms of the atom economy of the iron
produced?

A Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2

B Fe2O3 + 3H2 2Fe + 3H2O

C 2Fe2O3 4Fe + 3O2

D 2Fe2O3 + 3C 4Fe + 3CO2

Your answer [1]

4 Which compounds of magnesium can be used as ‘antacids’?

A Chlorides

B Hydroxides

C Nitrates

D Sulfates

Your answer [1]

5 Which statement explains the trend in boiling points down the halogens group?

A The bond enthalpy of the covalent bonds increases.

B The halogens become less electronegative.

C The induced dipole–dipole interactions (London forces) become stronger.

D The reactivity of the halogens decreases.

Your answer [1]

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6 Which equation does not represent a disproportionation reaction?

A Cl 2 + H2O HCl O + HCl

B Cl 2 + 2NaOH NaCl O + NaCl + H2O

C 4KCl O3 KCl + 3KCl O4

D 4HCl + MnO2 MnCl 2 + Cl 2 + 2H2O

Your answer [1]

7 The equation for the reaction of sulfuric acid with potassium hydroxide is shown below.

H2SO4(aq) + 2KOH(aq) K2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)

25 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm–3 H2SO4 is reacted with excess KOH.


The energy given out is 2.8 kJ.

What is the enthalpy change of neutralisation, in kJ mol–1?

A –56

B –70

C –112

D –224

Your answer [1]

8 Which row in the table explains how a catalyst affects the activation energy (Ea) and the
proportion of molecules with energy > Ea?

How the activation Proportion of molecules


energy changes with energy > Ea
A decreases decreases
B decreases increases
C increases decreases
D increases increases

Your answer [1]

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9 A graph of ln(k) is plotted against 1 / T for a reaction.
(k = rate constant, T = temperature in K.)

The gradient has the numerical value of –16 000.

What is the activation energy, in kJ mol–1, for this reaction?

A +1.92

B +133

C +1920

D +133 000

Your answer [1]

10 A reaction is zero order with respect to a reactant.

Which rate–concentration graph for the reactant is the correct shape?

Your answer [1]

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11 The reversible reaction between hydrogen and iodine to form hydrogen iodide is

H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g)

The graph shows how the concentrations of the reactants and product change as the reaction
reaches a dynamic equilibrium.

At which point on the graph is the equilibrium reached?

A B C D

concentration
product

reactants

time

Your answer [1]

12 Which solution can be added to CH3COOH(aq) to make a buffer solution?

A CH3COONa(aq)

B HCOOH(aq)

C HCl (aq)

D NaCl (aq)

Your answer [1]

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13 A student analyses a solution of a salt.

The results are shown below.

Test Observation
Reaction with NaOH(aq) Green precipitate
Reaction with Ba(NO3)2(aq) White precipitate

What is the formula of the salt?

A CuCl 2

B CuSO4

C FeCl 2

D FeSO4

Your answer [1]

14 Chlorine has the electron configuration [Ne]3s23p5.

Which statement(s) about chlorine is/are correct when it reacts in redox reactions?

1 It can gain one electron to form 1– ions.

2 It can lose its 3s2 electrons to form 2+ ions.

3 It can lose its 3p5 electrons to form 5+ ions.

A 1, 2 and 3

B Only 1 and 2

C Only 2 and 3

D Only 1

Your answer [1]

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15 Which statement(s) about elements in the periodic table is/are correct?

1 The position of an element is determined by its relative atomic mass.

2 The elements in a group have similar chemical properties.

3 Transition elements are used as catalysts in the manufacture of chemicals.

A 1, 2 and 3

B Only 1 and 2

C Only 2 and 3

D Only 1

Your answer [1]

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SECTION B

16 This question is about energy changes.

Hydrogen peroxide decomposes as shown in Reaction 16.1.

H2O2(l) H2O(l) + 12 O2(g) Reaction 16.1

(a) The table shows enthalpy changes of formation and entropies.

∆Hfө / kJ mol–1 Sө / J K–1 mol–1


H2O2(l) –188 110
H2O(l) –286 70.0
O2(g) 0 205

(i) Calculate the free-energy change, ∆G, in kJ mol–1, of Reaction 16.1 at 25 °C.

Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

∆G = ..............................................kJ mol–1 [4]

(ii) The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide shown in Reaction 16.1 is feasible.

Suggest why Reaction 16.1 does not take place at 25 °C despite being feasible.

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(b) The rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide shown in Reaction 16.1 can be increased by
adding a small amount of powdered manganese(IV) oxide, MnO2.

The MnO2 acts as a catalyst.

(i) Complete the enthalpy profile diagram for Reaction 16.1 using formulae for the reactants and
products.

• Use Ea to label the activation energy without MnO2.


• Use Ec to label the activation energy with MnO2.
• Use ∆H to label the enthalpy change of reaction.

enthalpy

progress of reaction
[3]

(ii) Explain why MnO2 is described as a heterogeneous catalyst for this reaction.

..........................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Mn3O4 is a compound in which Mn has two different oxidation states. The two oxidation states
are different from the Mn in MnO2.

Suggest the two oxidation states of manganese in Mn3O4.

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(c) Manganese(II) oxide, MnO, has a giant ionic lattice structure.

The table shows the enthalpy changes that are needed to determine the lattice enthalpy of MnO.

enthalpy change /
kJ mol–1
atomisation of manganese +281
atomisation of oxygen +249
first ionisation energy of manganese +717
second ionisation energy of manganese +1509
first electron affinity of oxygen –141
second electron affinity of oxygen +798
formation of manganese(II) oxide −385

(i) Define the term lattice enthalpy.

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(ii) The diagram shows an incomplete Born-Haber cycle that can be used to determine the lattice
enthalpy of MnO.

Mn2+(g) + O(g) + 2e– Mn2+(g) + O2–(g)

Mn2+(g) + 12 O2(g) + 2e–

...............................

Mn+(g) + 12 O2(g) + e–

...............................

Mn(s) + 12 O2(g)

...............................

Complete the diagram by adding the species present on the dotted lines, include state symbols.
[3]

(iii) Calculate the lattice enthalpy of MnO.

lattice enthalpy = ............................................ kJ mol–1 [2]

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17 Crystal violet (CV) is a purple dye. In the presence of an alkali, CV reacts to form a colourless
product.

A student uses a colorimeter to investigate the rate of the reaction between CV and sodium
hydroxide, NaOH.

• The student mixes 10.0 cm3 of 2.8 × 10–7 mol dm–3 CV with 10.0 cm3 of 0.016 mol dm–3
NaOH.

• A large excess of NaOH is used, so that the reaction is effectively zero-order with respect to
OH– ions.

• The student places a sample of the reaction mixture in a colorimeter and measures the
absorbance over time.

The student uses the absorbance readings to calculate the concentration of CV and plots a graph
of concentration of CV against time, as shown below.

1.6 × 10–7

1.4 × 10–7

1.2 × 10–7

1.0 × 10–7

concentration
of CV 0.8 × 10–7
/ mol dm–3

0.6 × 10–7

0.4 × 10–7

0.2 × 10–7

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
time / min

(a) Using collision theory, explain why the gradient decreases over time.

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(b)* Use the graph to determine the order of reaction with respect to CV, the rate of the reaction at
three minutes and the rate constant, k.

Your answer must show full working on the graph and on the lines below. [6]

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18 This question is about two oxides of sulfur: sulfur dioxide, SO2, and sulfur trioxide, SO3.

(a) SO3 decomposes to form SO2 and O2, as shown in Equilibrium 18.1.

SO3(g) SO2(g) + 12 O2(g) ∆H = +99 kJ mol–1 Equilibrium 18.1

(i) 2.25 moles of SO3 is heated to 550 °C in the presence of a catalyst and the resulting mixture
allowed to reach equilibrium.

The equilibrium mixture contains 0.900 mol of SO2 and the total pressure is 2.80 atm.

Calculate the numerical value for Kp for Equilibrium 18.1 under these conditions and state the
units of Kp.

Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

Kp = ...............................................................

units .......................................................... [5]


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(ii) The numerical values of Kp for Equilibrium 18.1 at temperatures T1 and T2 are shown below.

Temperature Kp
T1 3.3 × 10–5
T2 7.7 × 10–2

Explain why T2 is a higher temperature than T1.

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(iii) Suggest how the value of Kp would change if the reaction was repeated with no catalyst added
and the pressure of the system increased.

Tick (✓) one box in each row.

Change Decrease No change Increase


No catalyst
Increased pressure
[2]

(b) SO2 and SO3 both have molecules with sulfur in the centre and bond angles of approximately
120°.

(i) Explain why the bond angles in SO3 are 120°.

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(ii) Explain why both SO2 and SO3 have polar bonds, but only SO2 has polar molecules.

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19 This question is about acids and bases.

(a) Chloroethanoic acid, Cl CH2COOH, is a weak monobasic acid.

(i) Write the expression for the acid dissociation constant, Ka, of Cl CH2COOH.

[1]

(ii) The expression for the acid dissociation constant, Ka, of Cl CH2COOH can be simplified to:

[H+]2
Ka = Expression 19.1
[Cl CH2COOH]

State one approximation that allows the expression from (a)(i) to be simplified to Expression
19.1.

..........................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) A student carries out an experiment to determine the pKa value of a solution of Cl CH2COOH.

• The concentration of Cl CH2COOH is 0.090 mol dm–3.


• The pH of Cl CH2COOH is 1.95.

Use Expression 19.1 to calculate the pKa value of Cl CH2COOH.

Give your answer to 2 decimal places.

pKa = .......................................................... [3]

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(b) A student titrates a 10.0 cm3 sample of ethanoic acid, CH3COOH, against an aqueous solution of
0.0560 mol dm–3 Ba(OH)2.

2CH3COOH + Ba(OH)2 Ba(CH3COO)2 + 2H2O

The student used a pH meter to measure the pH of the mixture after every addition of Ba(OH)2
throughout the titration.

The student’s results are shown below.

12

11

10

pH 6

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
volume of Ba(OH)2 / cm3

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(i) Draw a best-fit curve on the graph and calculate the concentration of the CH3COOH solution.

CH3COOH concentration = .......................................... mol dm–3 [5]

(ii) The end point of the titration can also be found by observing the colour change of an indicator.

The pH ranges of some indicators are shown in the table.

Indicator pH range
Malachite green 0.2 – 1.8
Bromophenol blue 2.8 – 4.6
Phenol red 6.8 – 8.4
Phenolphthalein 8.2 – 10.0

Identify the indicator in the table that would be suitable to observe the end point of the titration
between CH3COOH and Ba(OH)2.

..................................................................................................................................................... [1]

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20 This question is about elements in the periodic table.

(a) Chlorine has many uses.

(i) Chlorine is used to treat water in large-scale water treatment plants.

Suggest why chlorine is added to water in large-scale water treatment plants.

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..................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Sea water contains aqueous bromide ions.

Chlorine is used to extract bromine from sea water.

Construct the ionic equation for this reaction and explain why chlorine is suitable for this
extraction of bromine but iodine is not.

Equation ...........................................................................................................................................

Explanation ......................................................................................................................................

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..................................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Fluorine, F2, reacts with nitrogen dioxide, NO2, to form nitryl fluoride, NO2F, as shown in
Reaction 20.1 below.

F2 + 2NO2 2NO2F Reaction 20.1

The mechanism for this reaction involves two steps. Step 1 is the ‘slow’ step and Step 2 is the
‘fast’ step.

The equation for Step 2 is shown below:

F + NO2 NO2F

Suggest the equation for Step 1 and the rate equation for Reaction 20.1.

Equation for Step 1: .........................................................................................................................

Rate equation for Reaction 20.1: ....................................................................................................


[2]

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(c)* The table shows the melting points of some of the elements in Period 3 of the periodic table.

Element Al Si P4 S8
Melting point / °C 660 1410 44 119

Explain the melting points in terms of bonding and structure. [6]

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21 This question is about redox reactions and electrode potentials.

(a) The flowchart shows some reactions of barium and its compounds.

Barium

Reaction 1

Barium oxide

Reaction 2

Barium hydroxide

Reaction 3

Barium chloride

• Write balanced equations for Reaction 1 and Reaction 2.

• Identify the type of reaction in Reaction 3.

Reaction 1: equation .......................................................................................................................

Reaction 2: equation .......................................................................................................................

Reaction 3: type of reaction ............................................................................................................


[3]

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(b) Potassium iodate tablets prevent the uptake of radioactive iodine in the human body following a
nuclear accident.

The mass of potassium iodate(V), KIO3, in a tablet can be determined by reaction with an
aqueous solution of potassium iodide, KI, in the presence of acid.

IO3– + 5I– + 6H+ 3I2 + 3H2O

A chemist finds that two KIO3 tablets react with exactly 26.2 cm3 0.150 mol dm–3 KI.

Calculate the mass, in mg, of KIO3 in one tablet.

Give your answer to the nearest whole number.

mass KIO3 = ................................................... mg [4]

(c) Standard electrode potentials are measured by comparison with a reference half-cell.

Draw a labelled diagram to show how the standard electrode potential could be measured for the
redox system below.

Fe3+(aq) + e– Fe2+(aq)

Include details of the apparatus, solutions and the standard conditions needed when measuring
this standard electrode potential.

Standard conditions .........................................................................................................................

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[4]
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(d) Many electric vehicles are powered by lithium-ion cells.

Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells can also be used to power vehicles.

Six redox systems are shown in the table. State symbols have been omitted.

Redox system Half-equation E ө/ V

1 Li+ + e– Li –3.04

2 2H2O + 2e– H2 + 2OH– –0.83

3 2H+ + 2e– H2 0.00

4 O2 + 2H2O + 4e– 4OH– +0.40

5 Li+ + CoO2 + e– LiCoO2 +1.16

6 O2 + 4H+ + 4e– 2H2O +1.23

(i) A lithium-ion cell involves redox systems 1 and 5.

Construct the overall cell equation for a lithium-ion cell.

..................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells can operate in acidic or in alkaline conditions.

Show that for acidic and alkaline hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells, the standard cell potentials, and
the overall cell equations, are the same.

Acidic ................................................................................................................................................

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Alkaline..............................................................................................................................................

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22 This question is about transition elements.

(a) Iron is in the d block of the periodic table and contains s, p and d orbitals.

• Draw diagrams to show the shapes of an s orbital and a p orbital.


• Complete the electron configurations of an iron atom and an iron(II) ion.

Shapes

s orbital p orbital

Electron configurations

Iron atom: 1s2 ...................................................................................................................................

Iron(II) ion 1s2 ..................................................................................................................................


[2]

(b) The flowchart shows some reactions of cobalt(II) chloride, CoCl 2.

dissolve in water Pale pink solution containing a


CoCl2 (s)
six-coordinate complex ion A

aqueous NaOH concentrated HCl

Blue solution containing a


Blue-green solid B
four-coordinate complex ion C

In A, B and C, cobalt has an oxidation number of +2.

(i) Suggest the formulae of A, B and C.

Complex ion A: ......................................................................

Solid B: ......................................................................

Complex ion C: ......................................................................


[3]
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(ii) Cobalt (III) forms an octahedral complex ion D, which contains both ammonia and chloride
ligands.

Complex ion D has a molar mass of 197.9 g mol–1.

Determine the formula and charge of complex ion D.

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(c) Red blood cells contain haemoglobin which transports oxygen around the body.

For efficient transportation of oxygen, healthy human blood must be maintained at a pH value
between 7.35 and 7.45.

Human blood acts as a buffer due to the presence of carbonic acid, H2CO3, and
hydrogencarbonate, HCO3–, ions as shown below.

H2CO3(aq) H+(aq) + HCO3–(aq) Ka = 4.27 × 10–7 mol dm–3

• Explain, using ligand substitution, how haemoglobin transports oxygen around the body.
• Determine whether a sample of blood with a [HCO3–] : [H2CO3] ratio of 8.5:1 is healthy.

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EXTRA ANSWER SPACE

If you need extra space use these lined pages. You must write the question numbers clearly in
the margin.

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