Question paper_ June 2024 (H432_01)
Question paper_ June 2024 (H432_01)
Question paper_ June 2024 (H432_01)
* H 4 3 2 0 1 *
First name(s)
Last name
INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink. You can use an HB pencil, but only for graphs and diagrams.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If you need extra space use
the lined pages at the end of this booklet. The question numbers must be clearly shown.
• Answer all the questions.
• Where appropriate, your answer should be supported with working. Marks might be
given for using a correct method, even if your answer is wrong.
INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 100.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• Quality of extended response will be assessed in questions marked with an asterisk (*).
• This document has 32 pages.
ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer.
A
↑↑ ↑↑
B
↑↓ ↑↓
C
↑↑ ↑ ↑
D
↑↓ ↑ ↑
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3 Which chemical process is the most sustainable in terms of the atom economy of the iron
produced?
A Chlorides
B Hydroxides
C Nitrates
D Sulfates
5 Which statement explains the trend in boiling points down the halogens group?
7 The equation for the reaction of sulfuric acid with potassium hydroxide is shown below.
A –56
B –70
C –112
D –224
8 Which row in the table explains how a catalyst affects the activation energy (Ea) and the
proportion of molecules with energy > Ea?
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9 A graph of ln(k) is plotted against 1 / T for a reaction.
(k = rate constant, T = temperature in K.)
A +1.92
B +133
C +1920
D +133 000
The graph shows how the concentrations of the reactants and product change as the reaction
reaches a dynamic equilibrium.
A B C D
concentration
product
reactants
time
A CH3COONa(aq)
B HCOOH(aq)
C HCl (aq)
D NaCl (aq)
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13 A student analyses a solution of a salt.
Test Observation
Reaction with NaOH(aq) Green precipitate
Reaction with Ba(NO3)2(aq) White precipitate
A CuCl 2
B CuSO4
C FeCl 2
D FeSO4
Which statement(s) about chlorine is/are correct when it reacts in redox reactions?
A 1, 2 and 3
B Only 1 and 2
C Only 2 and 3
D Only 1
A 1, 2 and 3
B Only 1 and 2
C Only 2 and 3
D Only 1
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BLANK PAGE
(i) Calculate the free-energy change, ∆G, in kJ mol–1, of Reaction 16.1 at 25 °C.
Suggest why Reaction 16.1 does not take place at 25 °C despite being feasible.
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(b) The rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide shown in Reaction 16.1 can be increased by
adding a small amount of powdered manganese(IV) oxide, MnO2.
(i) Complete the enthalpy profile diagram for Reaction 16.1 using formulae for the reactants and
products.
enthalpy
progress of reaction
[3]
(ii) Explain why MnO2 is described as a heterogeneous catalyst for this reaction.
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(iii) Mn3O4 is a compound in which Mn has two different oxidation states. The two oxidation states
are different from the Mn in MnO2.
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The table shows the enthalpy changes that are needed to determine the lattice enthalpy of MnO.
enthalpy change /
kJ mol–1
atomisation of manganese +281
atomisation of oxygen +249
first ionisation energy of manganese +717
second ionisation energy of manganese +1509
first electron affinity of oxygen –141
second electron affinity of oxygen +798
formation of manganese(II) oxide −385
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(ii) The diagram shows an incomplete Born-Haber cycle that can be used to determine the lattice
enthalpy of MnO.
...............................
Mn+(g) + 12 O2(g) + e–
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Mn(s) + 12 O2(g)
...............................
Complete the diagram by adding the species present on the dotted lines, include state symbols.
[3]
A student uses a colorimeter to investigate the rate of the reaction between CV and sodium
hydroxide, NaOH.
• The student mixes 10.0 cm3 of 2.8 × 10–7 mol dm–3 CV with 10.0 cm3 of 0.016 mol dm–3
NaOH.
• A large excess of NaOH is used, so that the reaction is effectively zero-order with respect to
OH– ions.
• The student places a sample of the reaction mixture in a colorimeter and measures the
absorbance over time.
The student uses the absorbance readings to calculate the concentration of CV and plots a graph
of concentration of CV against time, as shown below.
1.6 × 10–7
1.4 × 10–7
1.2 × 10–7
1.0 × 10–7
concentration
of CV 0.8 × 10–7
/ mol dm–3
0.6 × 10–7
0.4 × 10–7
0.2 × 10–7
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
time / min
(a) Using collision theory, explain why the gradient decreases over time.
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(b)* Use the graph to determine the order of reaction with respect to CV, the rate of the reaction at
three minutes and the rate constant, k.
Your answer must show full working on the graph and on the lines below. [6]
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(a) SO3 decomposes to form SO2 and O2, as shown in Equilibrium 18.1.
(i) 2.25 moles of SO3 is heated to 550 °C in the presence of a catalyst and the resulting mixture
allowed to reach equilibrium.
The equilibrium mixture contains 0.900 mol of SO2 and the total pressure is 2.80 atm.
Calculate the numerical value for Kp for Equilibrium 18.1 under these conditions and state the
units of Kp.
Kp = ...............................................................
Temperature Kp
T1 3.3 × 10–5
T2 7.7 × 10–2
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(iii) Suggest how the value of Kp would change if the reaction was repeated with no catalyst added
and the pressure of the system increased.
(b) SO2 and SO3 both have molecules with sulfur in the centre and bond angles of approximately
120°.
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(ii) Explain why both SO2 and SO3 have polar bonds, but only SO2 has polar molecules.
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19 This question is about acids and bases.
(i) Write the expression for the acid dissociation constant, Ka, of Cl CH2COOH.
[1]
(ii) The expression for the acid dissociation constant, Ka, of Cl CH2COOH can be simplified to:
[H+]2
Ka = Expression 19.1
[Cl CH2COOH]
State one approximation that allows the expression from (a)(i) to be simplified to Expression
19.1.
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(iii) A student carries out an experiment to determine the pKa value of a solution of Cl CH2COOH.
The student used a pH meter to measure the pH of the mixture after every addition of Ba(OH)2
throughout the titration.
12
11
10
pH 6
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
volume of Ba(OH)2 / cm3
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(i) Draw a best-fit curve on the graph and calculate the concentration of the CH3COOH solution.
(ii) The end point of the titration can also be found by observing the colour change of an indicator.
Indicator pH range
Malachite green 0.2 – 1.8
Bromophenol blue 2.8 – 4.6
Phenol red 6.8 – 8.4
Phenolphthalein 8.2 – 10.0
Identify the indicator in the table that would be suitable to observe the end point of the titration
between CH3COOH and Ba(OH)2.
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Construct the ionic equation for this reaction and explain why chlorine is suitable for this
extraction of bromine but iodine is not.
Equation ...........................................................................................................................................
Explanation ......................................................................................................................................
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(b) Fluorine, F2, reacts with nitrogen dioxide, NO2, to form nitryl fluoride, NO2F, as shown in
Reaction 20.1 below.
The mechanism for this reaction involves two steps. Step 1 is the ‘slow’ step and Step 2 is the
‘fast’ step.
F + NO2 NO2F
Suggest the equation for Step 1 and the rate equation for Reaction 20.1.
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(c)* The table shows the melting points of some of the elements in Period 3 of the periodic table.
Element Al Si P4 S8
Melting point / °C 660 1410 44 119
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(a) The flowchart shows some reactions of barium and its compounds.
Barium
Reaction 1
Barium oxide
Reaction 2
Barium hydroxide
Reaction 3
Barium chloride
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(b) Potassium iodate tablets prevent the uptake of radioactive iodine in the human body following a
nuclear accident.
The mass of potassium iodate(V), KIO3, in a tablet can be determined by reaction with an
aqueous solution of potassium iodide, KI, in the presence of acid.
A chemist finds that two KIO3 tablets react with exactly 26.2 cm3 0.150 mol dm–3 KI.
(c) Standard electrode potentials are measured by comparison with a reference half-cell.
Draw a labelled diagram to show how the standard electrode potential could be measured for the
redox system below.
Fe3+(aq) + e– Fe2+(aq)
Include details of the apparatus, solutions and the standard conditions needed when measuring
this standard electrode potential.
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[4]
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(d) Many electric vehicles are powered by lithium-ion cells.
Six redox systems are shown in the table. State symbols have been omitted.
1 Li+ + e– Li –3.04
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Show that for acidic and alkaline hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells, the standard cell potentials, and
the overall cell equations, are the same.
Acidic ................................................................................................................................................
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[3]
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BLANK PAGE
(a) Iron is in the d block of the periodic table and contains s, p and d orbitals.
Shapes
s orbital p orbital
Electron configurations
Solid B: ......................................................................
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(c) Red blood cells contain haemoglobin which transports oxygen around the body.
For efficient transportation of oxygen, healthy human blood must be maintained at a pH value
between 7.35 and 7.45.
Human blood acts as a buffer due to the presence of carbonic acid, H2CO3, and
hydrogencarbonate, HCO3–, ions as shown below.
• Explain, using ligand substitution, how haemoglobin transports oxygen around the body.
• Determine whether a sample of blood with a [HCO3–] : [H2CO3] ratio of 8.5:1 is healthy.
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If you need extra space use these lined pages. You must write the question numbers clearly in
the margin.
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