REVIEWER IN GENPHYSICS 1

A. NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION

a. Newton’s 1st Law of Motion (Law of INERTIA)
“an object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion will continue to move at constant
velocity unless acted upon by a net force”
 If an object is moving with constant velocity, the object’s acceleration is zero.
INERTIA - The resistance of an object to a change in its motion
EXAMPLE:
 A book resting on a table stays at rest unless acted upon by an external force.
 When an astronaut is floating in space, the astronaut will eventually move in a straight
line unless acted upon by a force.
 You often see magicians pulling the tablecloth off a table while there are still plates on it.
Surprisingly, the plates are left undisturbed. The trick works because the plates' inertia
causes them to resist any change in motion, and the magician pulls the tablecloth so
quickly that the friction between the plates and the cloth is not enough to overcome the
plates' inertia, leaving them undisturbed.
When trying to dislodge ketchup from a bottle, you turn the bottle upside down, thrust it
forward, and abruptly stop. The ketchup will easily slide out of the bottle. In essence, by
thrusting the bottle forward and then stopping it suddenly, you exploit the ketchup’s
inertia. The ketchup, momentarily "lagging" behind the motion of the bottle, moves out of
the bottle when the bottle halts abruptly. The key to the trick is that the ketchup doesn’t
immediately stop when the bottle stops—it keeps moving momentarily due to inertia,
which helps it slide out of the bottle.
Additional info:
 Republic Act 8750 (also known as the “Seat Belt Law”), an act requiring the mandatory
compliance by motorists of private and public vehicles to use seat belt devices, and
requiring vehicle manufacturers to install seat belt devices in all their manufactured
vehicles, has been enforced in our country since May 1, 2000.
 The seat belts provide crucial protection by counteracting inertia, distributing forces,
and preventing ejection from the vehicle in the event of a crash. They play a key role in
reducing the risk of serious injuries or fatalities during accidents.
b. Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion (Law of Acceleration)
“If there is a net force acting on a body, there is acceleration”
 It states that force is equal to mass times acceleration. (F=ma)
 If the net force acting on an object is zero, the object is in uniform motion.
EXAMPLE PROBLEM:
An airboat with mass 3.50 x 102 kg, including the passenger, has an engine that produces a net
horizontal force of 7.70 x 102 N, after accounting for forces of resistance.
a. Find the acceleration of the airboat.
a=F /m
2 2
a=7.70 x 10 N /3.50 x 10 kg
2
a=2.20 m/s
b. Starting from rest, how long does it take the airboat to reach a speed of 12.0 m/s?
Find the time:
vf =vi+ at
vf −vi
t=
a
12.0 m/s
t= 2
2.2 m/s
t=5.45 s
c. After reaching that speed, the pilot turns off the engine and drifts to a stop over 50.0 m. Find
the resistance force, assuming it’s constant.
Use the kinematic equation:
2 2
vf =vi +2 a resistance d
2 2
vf −vi
a resistance =
2d
2
0−(12.0)
a resistance = =−1.44 m/s2
2(50.0)
Find the resistance force:
F resistance =m x aresistance
F=( 3.50 x 10 2) (−1.44 )=−5.04 x 102 N ∨−504 N
EXAMPLE PROBLEM:
A 5.0 kg block is placed on a frictionless inclined plane that makes an angle of 30° with the
horizontal. Calculate the acceleration of the block as it slides down the plane. (Assume gravity =
9.8 m/s²)
The gravitational force acting on the block can be resolved into two components.
 Parallel to the incline: F ¿=m. g . sin θ
 Perpendicular to the incline: F ¿=m. g . cos θ
Since the incline is frictionless, the only force causing acceleration is F ¿
SOLUTION:
Using F=ma , we can rewrite:
F ¿=m. a
Substitute F ¿=m. g . sin θ :
m . g . sin θ=m. a
Simplify by cancelling m :
a=g . sinθ
a=(9.8 m/s¿ ¿ 2)¿ ¿
2
a=4.9 m/ s
EXAMPLE PROBLEM:
A 70 kg person is in an elevator. The elevator is accelerating upwards at 2.0 m/s². Calculate the
apparent weight of the person. (g = 9.8 m/s²)
To calculate the apparent weight of the person, we consider the net force acting on them due
to gravity and the upward acceleration of the elevator.
F N =m(g+a)
F N =70(9.8+ 2.0)
F N =826 N
EXAMPLE PROBLEM:
A 10 kg box is being pushed on a frictionless surface. A horizontal force of 40 N is applied, and a
vertical force of 30 N is applied upward at a 45° angle. What is the acceleration of the box?
ANSWER: 4.0 m/s2
EXAMPLE PROBLEM:
A 500 kg rocket is propelled upward by a force of 8000 N. The acceleration due to gravity is 9.8
m/s². What is the net force acting on the rocket?
ANSWER: 3000 N
A 1200 kg car is traveling on a banked curve with a radius of 100 m and a banking angle of 25°.
What is the minimum speed required to prevent the car from sliding down the curve? (Assume
frictionless conditions)
ANSWER: 13.2 m/s
A 5 kg mass is hanging vertically from a fixed pulley. A 10 N force is applied to lift the mass.
Calculate the acceleration of the mass. Assume no friction and the pulley is massless.
ANSWER: 8.0 m/s²

WORK DONE BY A CONSTANT FORCE

FORMULA: W=F⋅d⋅cosθ
 If the force applied is perpendicular to the displacement, the work done is zero.
 Work is defined as the product of force and displacement
 Energy transferred by force over a distance
 If a force is applied but there is no displacement, the work done is zero
 Work is defined as zero if:
- The displacement is zero
- The force is zero
- The force is perpendicular to the displacement.
 Friction slowing down a sliding object. Is an example of negative work.
EXAMPLE: Lifting a box onto a shelf
EXAMPLE PROBLEM:
A box is pulled across a floor with a force of 20 N at an angle of 30° above the horizontal. If the
displacement is 5 m, how much work is done?
W =F . d .cos θ
W =( 20 N ) (5 m) ¿
W =86.6 J
If a 10 kg object is lifted 2 meters vertically upward, how much work is done? (Assume g=9.8
m/s2)
Calculate the force:
F=mg
F=( 10 kg )( 9.8 )=98 N
Calculate the work:
W =F . d .cos θ
W =(98 N )(2 m)(1)
W =196 J

If a force of 20 N is applied at an angle of 30° to the direction of motion and the object moves 5
m, what is the work done?
W =F . d .cos θ
W =(20 N )(5 m)¿
W =87 J
An object is moved 4 m by a force of 25 N at an angle of 90° to the displacement. How much
work is done by the force?
W =F . d .cos θ
W =(25 N )(4 m) ¿
W =O J
KINETIC ENERGY
 Kinetic energy depends on mass and velocity
 An object with a mass of 10 kg is moving with a velocity of 3 m/s. If its velocity increases
to 6 m/s6m/s, what happens to its kinetic energy? (Kinetic energy will quadruples)
 A truck and a car are moving at the same speed, but the truck has twice the mass of the
car. How does the truck's kinetic energy compare to the car's? (Twice the car’s)
EXAMPLE PROBLEM:
A 2 kg ball is rolling at 5 m/s. What is its kinetic energy?
 1 2 1
KE= mvf = (2 kg)¿
2 2
KE=25 J
A moving object has a kinetic energy of 200 J. If its mass is 4 kg, what is its speed?

1 2
KE= mvf
2

v=
√ √
2 KE
m
=
(2)(200 J )
4 kg
=¿ 10 m/s ¿
A 0.5 kg object has 10 J of kinetic energy. What is its speed?

v=
√ √
2 KE
m
=
(2)(10 J )
0.5 kg
m m
=¿ 6.32 ∨6 ¿
s s
A 1.5 kg ball is dropped from rest from a height of 10 m. What is its kinetic energy just before
hitting the ground? (Assume g=9.8 m/s2)
ANSWER: 147 J
If the kinetic energy of an object is 300 J and its velocity is 10 m/s, what is its mass?
2 KE (2)(300 J )
m= =
v2 ¿¿¿
A 2 kg object is moving with a velocity of 3 m/s. What is its kinetic energy?
1 2 1
KE= mvf = (2 kg)¿
2 2

BEST OF LUCK MY DEAR STEM😊