Modern Slavery

Statement
Amazon
Modern Slavery Statement 2023 2

Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................ 3
Our Business................................................................................................................ 4
Our Governance.......................................................................................................... 4
Our Policies................................................................................................................. 5
Global Human Rights Principles........................................................................................................................5
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics.............................................................................................................5
Supply Chain Standards.......................................................................................................................................5
Assessing Our Risk..................................................................................................... 6
Vulnerable Groups..................................................................................................................................................6
Region-Specific Risk...............................................................................................................................................7
Our Supply Chain....................................................................................................................................................7
Addressing Our Risk................................................................................................... 8
…with our suppliers of Amazon-branded products.................................................................................8
…with our selling partners.............................................................................................................................. 12
…in our operations............................................................................................................................................. 12
…with AWS............................................................................................................................................................ 13
…with other organizations.............................................................................................................................. 13
Our Engagement with Strategic Stakeholders...................................................14
Looking to the Years Ahead................................................................................... 16
Approval and Signature..........................................................................................17
Modern Slavery Statement 2023 3

Introduction
Amazon’s policies, practices, and procedures to assess and address the risk of modern slavery (including child
labor) apply to our operations and supply chains worldwide. This statement describes the actions taken by
Amazon.com, Inc. and its covered subsidiaries (hereafter collectively referred to as “Amazon”)1 during the
period from January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023.2

The statement has been prepared in compliance with the requirements of the Australia Modern Slavery Act
2018,3 the California Transparency in Supply Chains Act 2010, Canada’s Fighting Against Forced Labour and
Child Labour in Supply Chains Act 2023,4 and the United Kingdom Modern Slavery Act 2015.

Amazon is committed to treating our own employees and people who are connected to our business with
fundamental dignity and respect; and this includes a commitment to freely chosen employment. We do not
tolerate any form of modern slavery. For the purposes of this Statement, we use the term modern slavery
to mean child labor, forced labor, and human trafficking in any form - including slave labor, prison labor,
indentured servitude, or bonded labor.

The fight against modern slavery requires a holistic approach, including commitment, resources, and innovative
solutions from governments, international organizations, the private sector, and civil society. At Amazon, we
understand the unique responsibility of the private sector in these efforts and are committed to expanding
our work to understand and address modern slavery risks that may arise in the course of our business.

In 2023, we actively engaged with diverse stakeholders, including industry associations, non-governmental
organizations, suppliers, and other companies, to strengthen our efforts to identify, prevent, and address
the risk of all forms of modern slavery in our operations and business relationships. We helped increase our
suppliers’ awareness and understanding of our Supply Chain Standards through trainings, workshops, and
resources, updated our modern slavery training available to Amazon employees, and introduced a new way
for members of the public to notify us about human rights concerns. We enhanced our partnerships with
industry associations and non-profit organizations to further develop best practices in addressing risks of
modern slavery. We are committed to continuously improving our approach to, and policies surrounding,
prevention of modern slavery.

This statement assesses our risk, outlines our efforts, and sets commitments for the coming year.

1 This statement excludes any entity that elects to report independently.

2 Metrics contained herein cover 2023 activities, unless otherwise indicated.
3 The Australian subsidiaries that are required to report under the Modern Slavery Act 2018 for 2023 are Amazon Commercial Services Pty Ltd ABN 30 616
935 623, Amazon Corporate Services Pty Ltd ABN 95 082 931 600, Amazon Support Services Pty Ltd ABN 77 163 823 416, Amazon Web Services Australia
Pty Ltd ABN 63 605 345 891, and Audible Australia Pty Ltd ABN 89 624 383 811. Amazon Corporate Services Pty Ltd owns and controls Amazon Australia
Company Pty Ltd ACN 663 812 468, and Amazon Support Services Pty Ltd owns and controls Selz.com Pty Ltd ABN 29 163 769 837.
4 The Canadian subsidiaries covered by this Statement are Amazon Development Centre Canada ULC, Amazon.com.ca ULC, and Amazon Canada Fulfillment
Services, ULC.
Modern Slavery Statement 2023 4

Our Business tion services such as Amazon Prime, a membership

program that includes fast, free shipping on millions
Amazon is a global company, headquartered in of items, access to award-winning movies and series,
Washington’s Puget Sound region and Arlington, and other benefits. We fulfill customer orders in a
Virginia, in the United States, with approximately number of ways, including through: North America
1.5 million full- and part-time employees worldwide and International fulfillment networks that we
and operations in Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe, United operate; co-sourced and outsourced arrangements
Kingdom, Latin America, the Middle East, and North in certain countries; digital delivery; and through our
America. physical stores. We operate customer service centers
globally, which are supplemented by co-sourced
We offer products and services—both Ama- arrangements.
zon-branded and from many other brands and third-
party sellers—in our Amazon stores, leveraging We offer programs that enable sellers to grow their
advanced transportation logistics to deliver globally. businesses, sell their products in our stores, and
We also create entertainment content and, through fulfill orders using our services. We are not the seller
Amazon Web Services (AWS), provide cloud services. of record in these transactions. We earn fixed fees, a
Our operations are organized into three segments: percentage of sales, per-unit activity fees, interest, or
North America, International, and AWS. In each of some combination thereof, from our seller programs.
our segments we serve our primary customer sets,
We serve developers and enterprises of all sizes,
consisting of consumers, sellers, developers, enter-
including start-ups, government agencies, and
prises, content creators, advertisers, and employees.
academic institutions through AWS, which offers
We procure materials, commodities, components, a broad set of on-demand technology services,
finished goods, and services from a complex supplier including compute, storage, database, analytics,
network. Our global supply chains consist of a broad machine learning, and other services.
assortment of both direct and indirect suppliers who
We offer programs that allow authors, independent
provide a diverse range of products and services,
publishers, musicians, filmmakers, Twitch streamers,
including, but not limited to, finished products,
skill and app developers, and others to publish and
raw materials, packaging materials, logistics, and
sell content.
transportation services. Our logistics and fulfill-
ment network relies on a combination of suppliers We provide advertising services to sellers, vendors,
of non-inventory goods (e.g., packaging and labels, publishers, authors, and others, through programs
robotics and equipment), and on- and off-site service such as sponsored ads, display, and video advertising.
providers, including delivery partners. For example,
Amazon-branded digital devices (Kindle, Fire TV, Fire With operations and supply chains spanning the
Tablet, Ring, and Echo) have a raw and recovered globe, Amazon is committed to improving the
materials supply chain that is a complex system of working conditions of people who are connected to
sellers, buyers, traders, producers, processors, and our business, and we recognize the need to monitor
manufacturers across multiple tiers and sourcing for conditions that put workers at risk of modern
regions around the world. For these devices, supply slavery. More information about Amazon can be
chain categories include facilities and suppliers found in our most recent Sustainability Report,
involved in the final assembly of Amazon devices Annual Report, and our latest Proxy Statement.
and component manufacturing, reverse logistics,
minerals and metals, and plastics and synthetics. For
more information on the supply chain for Amazon Our Governance
Devices, please see a summary of our Human Rights
Impact Assessment for Amazon Devices. Amazon is committed to embedding respect for
human rights throughout our business activities and
We serve consumers through our online and physical relationships, including into our policy and governance
stores.5 We design our stores to enable hundreds of framework. Amazon’s Board of Directors is responsi-
millions of unique products to be sold by us and by ble for the control and direction of Amazon. The full
third parties across dozens of product categories. Board regularly reviews reports from management
Customers access our offerings through our websites, on various aspects of our business, including related
mobile apps, Alexa, devices, streaming, and by risks and strategies for addressing them. While the
physically visiting our stores. We also manufacture full Board has overall responsibility for risk oversight,
and sell electronic devices, and we develop and the Board has delegated responsibility for certain
produce media content. In addition, we offer subscrip- risks to the Nominating and Corporate Governance
Committee.

5 In 2023, we operated physical stores in the UK and the US.

Modern Slavery Statement 2023 5

The Board’s Nominating and Corporate Governance Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
Committee oversees and monitors Amazon’s policies Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (Code of
and initiatives relating to corporate social responsi- Conduct), associated policies, procedures, training,
bility, including human rights and ethical business and communications outline our expectations of our
practices, and risks related to Amazon’s operations employees. All employees receive Code of Conduct
and engagement with customers, suppliers, and training during onboarding, with regular refresher
communities. training thereafter.
For more information on the responsibilities of the Amazon provides its employees various secure and
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, accessible channels with guidelines for reporting
please see our most recent Sustainability Report and concerns and violations. Employees can reach out
Investor Relations website. to anyone in their management chain or the Legal
Department with questions about the application of
Our Policies the Code of Conduct or how to approach difficult
workplace situations. Employees may also make
Our efforts to assess and address risks of modern reports online or via phone through the Amazon
slavery across our business and supply chains are Ethics Line, which is managed by an independent
anchored in our policies. Our policies convey our third party, and remain anonymous on request. The
values and expectations, setting a high bar for Ethics Line is currently available in more than 60
ourselves, our suppliers, and our selling partners,6 countries in 165 languages.
making clear we do not tolerate modern slavery.
We regularly review our strategies, principles, and Any employee can also email suggestions or
supporting policies to identify opportunities for complaints to senior leadership. All escalations are
improvement. By engaging external stakeholders reviewed by Human Resources and may inform
and monitoring evolving international and human process updates to prevent future gaps.
rights standards, regulations, and industry best
practices, we are able to effectively and continuously We prohibit retaliation and take all allegations
improve our own policies and standards to better seriously. Our Business Conduct and Ethics team
support our employees and our suppliers.7 records, investigates (or directs others to investigate),
reports alleged violations of the Code of Conduct to
Global Human Rights Principles the Audit Committee of the Board, and tracks any
remediation required. Employees must cooperate
Our Global Human Rights Principles demonstrate in internal investigations of potential or alleged
our commitment to respecting fundamental human misconduct, with those who violate the Code of
rights and the dignity of people connected to our Conduct subject to disciplinary action up to and
business around the world. We are committed to including discharge.
ensuring that the products and services we provide
are produced in a way that respects human rights, Supply Chain Standards
including the right to freely chosen employment.
Our Global Human Rights Principles also state that Publicly available in 21 languages and dialects
we do not tolerate the use of child labor, forced labor, and derived from relevant international standards
or human trafficking in any form—including slave and frameworks, our Supply Chain Standards (also
labor, prison labor, indentured servitude, or bonded referred to as “our Standards”) are the backbone to
labor—in our operations or value chain. These our efforts to enable a responsible supply chain.
principles are informed by leading international
Our Supply Chain Standards apply to suppliers
standards and frameworks developed by the United
of goods and services for Amazon and Amazon’s
Nations (UN) and the International Labour Organiza-
subsidiaries, including providers, vendors, selling
tion (ILO). Amazon is committed to respecting and
partners, contractors, and subcontractors (collec-
supporting the UN Guiding Principles on Business
tively “suppliers”). All products sold in Amazon stores,
and Human Rights (UNGPs), the UN Universal Dec-
and all products and services provided to Amazon,
laration of Human Rights, the core Conventions of
must be produced or provided in accordance with
the ILO, and the ILO Declaration on Fundamental
our Supply Chain Standards. Suppliers are required
Principles and Rights at Work.
to conform to our Standards and must follow all
applicable laws and regulations. When applicable law
conflicts with our Standards, suppliers must follow
6 Selling partners are vendors and third-party sellers that sell or supply the law while finding ways to respect the principles
products and services in Amazon’s stores. of internationally recognized human rights and
7 We update our Global Human Rights Principles at least every five years the expectations contained in the Standards. We
and our Supply Chain Standards at least every three years. Our latest
update to the Supply Chain Standards was published in 2022. encourage suppliers to perform human rights and
Modern Slavery Statement 2023 6

environmental due diligence to ensure their products takes action to address and mitigate identified risks,
and services are produced and supplied in ways that measures progress, and remediates harm when
respect human rights and the environment and issues occur.
protect the fundamental dignity of workers.
In line with the UNGPs, identifying and prioritizing
Our Supply Chain Standards mandate that all the most salient risks, including with respect to
workers must be treated with respect and dignity. modern slavery, connected to Amazon operations
Suppliers must not engage in or tolerate violence, and business relationships is central to our human
harassment, abuse, or coercion, including physical, rights due diligence practices. As we continuously
verbal, sexual, or psychological, or any form of improve and expand these practices, we use human
torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment. rights assessment methodologies to identify and
Our Supply Chain Standards require that all work mitigate human rights risks. These assessments
must be voluntary and workers must be free to help us understand the causes of systemic issues,
leave work and terminate their employment or other enhance ongoing engagement with critical stake-
work status with reasonable notice, without penalty. holders, implement the right risk-based mitigation
Suppliers must not cause workers to lose possession measures, and refine strategies for ongoing risk
of or access to their personal documents. Before they management across our supply chain. Examples of
enter into employment or prior to departing their human rights assessment methodologies include:
country of origin, workers must be given clear, under-
• Human rights saliency assessments, which focus
standable documentation that defines the terms
risk management action and remediation on
and conditions of their employment in a language
the most severe risks relevant to a company’s
and manner they understand, with preference for
business activity.
each worker’s native or best understood language
and/or visual images for workers with lower literacy • Human rights impact assessments (HRIAs),
levels. Amazon’s Supply Chain Standards recognize which examine a particular business segment
domestic and foreign migrant workers’ unique vul- or product, a country of operation or sourcing,
nerability to risks of exploitation and make clear a potentially affected group, or other human
that workers may not be charged fees at any point rights risk areas for a specific subset of a busi-
in the recruitment process. We expect our suppliers ness.
to analyze and monitor the practices of recruitment • Human rights due diligence management as-
agencies and labor brokers and to employ agencies sessments, which analyze a business’s internal
that act ethically and in the best interests of workers. capacity to assess and respond to human rights
In cases where remediation measures are taken, we risks.
will consider whether additional steps are necessary
to address the income loss experienced by the most These assessments allow us to identify salient risks,
vulnerable families impacted by these measures. build capacity and business-level ownership aligned
to those risks, and conduct targeted human rights
In addition, our Standards require suppliers to and environmental due diligence to monitor and
engage workers who are: (i) at least 15 years old, (ii) manage compliance.
the age of completion of compulsory education, or
(iii) the minimum age to work in the country where For more information about our 2020 enter-
work is performed, whichever is greater. Workers prise-wide human rights saliency assessment, our
under the age of 18 (“young workers”) must not human rights risks, and our human rights assess-
perform hazardous work, including that which is ments, please see our 2023 Sustainability Report.8
likely to jeopardize their health or safety, or work
that compromises their education (e.g., night shifts, Our modern slavery risk assessment practices are
overtime). If cases of child labor are identified our informed by:
Standards mandate remediation, including through
Vulnerable Groups
corrective measures that facilitate the child’s safety
and wellbeing. Modern slavery experts and leading non-govern-
mental organizations play a key role in helping us
Assessing Our Risk identify modern slavery risks associated with our
supply chain and operations. While modern slavery
can impact any population, we recognize certain
Understanding our modern slavery risk is critical to
groups are particularly vulnerable, including:
our actions and partnerships to prevent and address
the issue. Amazon’s centralized team of experts
work across the company to conduct human rights 8 The concept of salience uses the lens of risk to people, not the business,
as the starting point, while recognizing that where risks to people’s human
and environmental due diligence. Through this work,
rights are greatest, there is often strong convergence with risk to the busi-
Amazon takes steps to assess and prioritize risks, ness. United Nations Guiding Principles Reporting Framework.
Modern Slavery Statement 2023 7

• Domestic and foreign migrant workers site-specific challenges and broader, systemic risks.
• Contract, agency, and temporary workers
We require suppliers to continuously monitor and
• Refugees, asylum seekers, ethnic/religious mi- enforce our Supply Chain Standards in their own
norities, and displaced persons operations and supply chain, including with sub-
• Young or student workers contractors. Suppliers are encouraged to self-eval-
uate and make improvements to meet or exceed
• Indigenous peoples
our expectations and those of our customers as
Region-Specific Risk reflected in our Standards. We encourage suppliers
to continuously assess their risks specific to groups
Even though modern slavery can be found in that may be more vulnerable to exploitation,
all countries, we take into account region-spe- including women, children, indigenous peoples, and
cific risks. Based on globally accepted risk indices temporary or migrant workers.
such as the World Bank’s Worldwide Governance
Indicators, the Global Slavery Index, and those For both our operations’ non-inventory products
issued by the US Department of Labor, ILO, and and services and our Amazon-branded products,
UNICEF, we understand that certain countries may we engage with internal and external stakehold-
present higher risks for modern slavery; for example, ers, evaluate country- and industry-level risks, and
countries with large populations of migrant workers, conduct regular risk assessments that include worker
with weaker labor law enforcement, where charging and management interviews, document reviews, and
workers recruitment fees is common practice, or on-site visits and audits. For our Amazon-branded
where modern slavery prevalence has been well products, we also regularly consult industry experts
documented. We use a risk-based approach tailored to review our approach to risk assessment against
to the regional context to identify country-specific globally recognized international standards and
risks and implement site-level requirements to help industry best practices.
build local suppliers’ capacity to meet our standards.
In countries identified as higher-risk, we mandate Audits are conducted for suppliers who manufacture
participation in Better Work - a joint program of products that are Amazon-branded and who provide
the ILO and the International Finance Corporation services (e.g., staffing agencies, janitorial companies)
(a member of the World Bank Group) - that works or not-for-resale goods in our operations. We assess
directly with factories, workers, and their represen- these suppliers globally during onboarding and peri-
tatives to support greater compliance with national odically thereafter to evaluate their compliance with
labor laws and international labor standards through our Supply Chain Standards. Auditors conduct regular
assessments, training, advocacy, and research. site inspections, confidential worker interviews or
Where Better Work is unavailable, we require par- surveys, and review and analyze site documents
ticipation in an Amazon-managed audit. Alongside or licenses. When an audit finding requires a more
these targeted interventions, we participate in and hands-on approach, we also send Amazon teams
offer our suppliers a wide array of central and local or third-party experts to conduct further assess-
capacity-building programs. These enable suppliers ments. We assess suppliers against modern slavery
to develop their in-house capabilities and improve indicators, for example where an employer does not
social compliance performance. We continually communicate the full terms of employment, does
review our supply chain footprint to evaluate where not give clear documentation defining those terms
additional due diligence, partnership, and collabora- in a language the worker understands, does not give
tion are needed. required notice of overtime, collects recruitment and
related fees that can lead to debt bondage, or takes
Our Supply Chain a worker’s identification document.
We understand that our supply chains, including for
To date, we have focused our efforts on our products
our Amazon-branded products,9 present a need for
supply chains. However, over the past two years,
focused efforts to assess the risk of modern slavery.
we increased our investments in identifying and
We prioritize the protection of human rights within
addressing the highest risks across the supply chains
our supply chain and regularly engage suppliers on
related to our own operations. At the supplier site
key human rights issues. We routinely evaluate our
level, we look for modern slavery indicators that can
supply chains to understand the highest risks to
suggest heightened risk, including the presence of
workers and prioritize our efforts to address both
workers who are part of vulnerable populations, a
supplier’s failure to deliver on a promised term of
9 Amazon-branded products are apparel, consumer electronics, food employment, restriction of worker movement, a
and beverage, and home good products such as Amazon Basics, Amazon
supplier’s retention of identity documents, and debt
devices (e.g., Kindle, Fire TV, Echo) or other private labels owned by Amazon.
This includes any product manufactured or co-manufactured by Amazon, bondage indicators, such as charging recruitment
including its subsidiaries. fees or mandatory overtime. This data informs our
Modern Slavery Statement 2023 8

efforts to respond to those risks. Platform for Migrant Workers towards Responsi-
ble and Inclusive Society (JP-MIRAI) so that certain
As described in further detail below, we are suppliers in Japan could provide their workers access
developing regional and country-level strategies to JP-MIRAI’s independent grievance mechanism.
tailored to specific social, cultural, economic, and
regulatory contexts and have ongoing due diligence We continue to improve our responsible sourcing
in place to address these risks. program for Amazon-branded products. Our
responsible sourcing program works to reduce risks
Addressing Our Risk and help safeguard the rights of workers, especially
those considered part of a vulnerable population
or who work in countries associated with a higher
We aim consistently to deliver progress and expand
modern slavery risk.
our work to understand and address any modern
slavery risks that may arise in the course of our Supply chain transparency is a valuable tool to
business. address risks in our supply chain and identify oppor-
tunities for collaboration on systemic supply chain
…with our suppliers of Amazon-branded prod-
issues. We publish a supplier list and interactive
ucts supply chain map with details on over 2,220 fin-
We support our suppliers to meet our Standards. ished-product suppliers of Amazon-branded apparel,
Amazon continuously works to make its suppliers consumer electronics, food and beverage, and home
aware of our Supply Chain Standards and supports goods products. We also contribute this supplier
their efforts to build the skills and mechanisms to list to the Open Supply Hub to foster brand col-
meet them. We have dedicated teams in key sourcing laboration and action in the industry. Open Supply
regions that engage directly with suppliers to com- Hub is an accessible, collaborative supply chain
municate our Supply Chain Standards. We also con- mapping platform, used and populated by stake-
tinuously monitor regulations in the countries where holders across sectors and supply chains. In 2023,
we operate and actively engage with our teams and we leveraged the platform’s Embedded Map, which
suppliers to meet new regulatory requirements. lists facilities producing Amazon-branded products.
The Embedded Map allows users to easily interact
Throughout our relationship with our suppliers, with facility data and have a transparent look into
we provide resources and training to help them Amazon’s supply chain.
strengthen their ability to respect human rights
within their own workplace and supply chain. In We provide data from supplier audits annually in
2023, we hosted in-person and online training our Sustainability Reporting, including year-over-
events on our Supply Chain Standards. We also year data on high- and medium-level issues in our
launched a new in-person peer-learning workshop supply chain and actions to address our human
series that convenes factory management to hear rights risks. We engage in due diligence of suppliers
from industry experts and share best practices for of Amazon-branded products. Our Supplier Manual
addressing common challenges in Bangladesh, provides an overview of our due diligence processes.
Cambodia, China, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore,
Taiwan, Thailand, and the United Arab Emirates. Table 1: 2021, 2022, and 2023 related audit
findings
We are building efforts to amplify the voice of
We accept audits completed by qualified indepen-
workers in our supply chain. We want all workers
dent audit firms based on our own audit standards
in our supply chain to have the ability to voice their
and those of industry associations, including Sedex
concerns in a safe and confidential manner. To do
(SMETA), amfori (amfori BSCI), the Responsible
this, we connect suppliers and service providers with
Business Alliance (RBA), the certification standard
trusted tools, products, and systems to hear directly
Social Accountability International (SA8000), and
from workers about their experience and support the
the Better Work program.
resolution of issues from workers’ perspectives. With
these mechanisms, suppliers can gather feedback Continued on next page
directly from workers to inform more effective issue
resolution. In 2023, we helped connect supplier sites
across Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Malaysia,
Pakistan, and Thailand with independent grievance
mechanisms.

In 2023, we expanded the scope of our program to

additional supplier segments across our operations
supply chain. In Japan, we partnered with the Japan
Modern Slavery Statement 2023 9

Related Findings10 % of audits where issue was found

2021 2022 2023
Incomplete employment information
Employment documentation did not include relevant 5.6% 3.7% 3.4%
information on the nature of work, working hours,
wages, leave, benefits, fees, or deductions
Ineffectively communicated employment
information
Employment documentation was not communicated 2.8% 2.4% 5.4%
in the worker’s native language or changes in terms of
employment were not declared or were not negotiated
Mandatory overtime
Workers were not provided sufficient notice of overtime 2.7% 1.6% 1.9%
in advance or were unable to refuse overtime without
penalty, against international standards
Worker-paid recruitment fees
Fees related to recruiting and hiring were not disclosed 1.2% <1% 2.1%
in advance or not reimbursed
Control of documents
Employers maintain possession or control over worker <1% <1% <1%
identity documents

Amazon’s core remediation principle: Workers should be

at the center of any remediation effort. We put the safety
and interests of affected workers first.
As explained further below, while we are conscious progress toward remediation. Failure to implement
that audits are not the answer to all potential the actions listed in the corrective action plan may
modern slavery risks, audits are one of the tools prevent the supplier from continuing production or
that help us determine where to focus our efforts providing services or labor to Amazon. For low-level
and resources. We rely on our audit processes to issues, we monitor suppliers for continuous improve-
provide us with important information about our ment through maintenance audits. For remediation
responsible sourcing program so we can respond plans, we expect suppliers to act within an agreed-
to the needs of workers making products that are upon timeline, remove harm, act in the best interests
Amazon-branded. These insights help us tailor our of workers, and commit to preventing similar issues
programs and identify strategic partnerships, build in the future.
supplier capacity, and address and prevent these
issues. We operate with an approach based on continuous
improvement, meaning we work with suppliers to
Audits also help us detect an issue before we engage embed respect for human rights in their operations
with suppliers or during our relationship with them and supply chain, to improve their practices to
so that we can work with suppliers to remedy the protect workers, and improve working conditions.
issue. When we identify a gap between a supplier’s When issues are identified, remediation can also
practices and our Supply Chain Standards, we track be a challenge. For example, working with our
remediation and conduct follow-up assessments suppliers to remediate worker-paid recruitment
as needed. Between assessments, our central team fees is particularly challenging in countries where
directly engages with suppliers to discuss open payment of recruitment fees is a part of accepted
issues and remediation progress, and provides business practice or an accepted part of government
them with issue-specific remediation guidebooks. programs. If we terminate business with a supplier,
Assessment findings are flagged as high, medium, we remove the incentive for the supplier to improve,
or low depending on severity. When high- and which can have a detrimental effect on workers
medium- level issues are identified, we take steps and the community. However, because improve-
to verify that suppliers have made meaningful ment is not always possible, we reserve the right to

10 Audits are conducted for suppliers who manufacture products that are Amazon-branded and who provide services (e.g., staffing agencies, janitorial compa-
nies) or not-for-resale goods in our operations.
Modern Slavery Statement 2023 10

terminate a relationship at any time for failure to We track the results of our audits and remedia-
meet our Supply Chain Standards. tion measures to assess their effectiveness, and
continue to update our due diligence mechanisms
Responding to Violations of our Supply to drive lasting change focused on benefiting
Chain Standards in Saudi Arabia workers in our supply chain. We are actively
pursuing new mechanisms, technology solutions,
In 2023, Amazon found violations of our Supply and pilot programs to enhance our ability to pro-
Chain Standards at a third-party licensed actively identify and mitigate risks, and positively
temporary labor agency (“third-party vendor”) impact the well-being of workers. We also know we
in Saudi Arabia through an independent audit. cannot address many of these complex issues alone;
The violations ranged from recruitment fees paid systemic issues contributing to modern slavery risks
by migrant workers to the absence of grievance will require broader collaboration between govern-
mechanisms and issues with worker accommo- ments, international organizations, the private sector,
dations. External organizations raised similar and civil society. We develop materials and sponsor
concerns and shared information with us about workshops to empower suppliers to strengthen
these and other human rights risks collected their own management systems and contribute to
during interviews with former employees of this industry association and multi-stakeholder initia-
third-party vendor. tives working to address systemic issues.
In response, we conducted a deeper dive into We continue to deepen our due diligence beyond our
practices of our third-party vendors throughout direct suppliers. Commodity supply chains are com-
Saudi Arabia and developed a series of short- and plicated and fragmented, and improved visibility into
long-term measures to remedy immediate issues raw material supply chains better enables businesses
and prevent future recurrence. We involved two to identify human rights and labor rights violations
independent third parties to assist with our inves- and hold suppliers accountable.
tigation and engaged directly with contracted
workers through interviews and other means
Responsible Mineral Sourcing
to help establish reimbursement amounts and
manage repayment. As of February 2024, we According to our Supply Chain Standards, Amazon
have reimbursed more than 700 workers across suppliers should source commodities used in
all our third-party licensed temporary labor products in a way that respects local communities
agencies in Saudi Arabia, totaling more than $1.9 and protects ecosystems. Suppliers should consis-
million USD in reimbursed recruitment fees and tently monitor the social and environmental per-
related costs. Through audits, we also verified formance of their upstream suppliers in line with
that the third-party vendor remediated the most recognized due diligence frameworks.
serious concerns about worker housing. We also
secured the vendor’s commitment that after its We recognize certain mineral supply chains are
employees cease working at Amazon, it will pay at higher risk of modern slavery. We conduct
its employees in line with their contracts and due diligence on high-risk minerals, including tin,
will not move them to a new accommodation tungsten, tantalum, gold, and cobalt, through
site that fails to meet Amazon’s standards. This our responsible minerals program. While Amazon
vendor also established a more robust system to does not engage in direct sourcing from mine
enable workers to anonymously raise grievances. sites and smelters, we are committed to avoiding
the use of minerals that have fueled conflict. We
We also adopted enhanced controls to reduce the encourage our suppliers to support our effort to
risk of recurrence. Among other measures related identify the origin of designated minerals used
to third-party licensed temporary labor agencies in our products consistent with recognized due
in Saudi Arabia, we strengthened contracts to diligence frameworks and source from smelters
clarify expectations regarding compliance with and refiners that have successfully completed
our Supply Chain Standards; reviewed wage a recognized third-party responsible minerals
policies, including clarification that illegal wage audit. Our process for mapping and addressing
deductions are prohibited; provided additional our risks related to mineral sourcing can be found
training to vendors in the region on how to in our most recent Conflict Minerals Report filed
implement our Supply Chain Standards, including with the United States Securities and Exchange
responsible recruitment practices; and improved Commission.
our communication mechanism that enables
contracted workers to share concerns directly We engage suppliers on the importance of
with Amazon’s management. Learn more about responsible mineral sourcing mechanisms and
our response here. industry collaboration. We are members of the
Modern Slavery Statement 2023 11

help them understand Amazon requirements, effec-

Responsible Minerals Initiative, the Copper Mark,
tively navigate the corrective action plan process,
and the Public-Private Alliance for Responsible
and design and implement sustainable management
Minerals Trade. Through these partnerships, we
systems to encourage supplier monitoring
collaborate with industry peers, governments,
throughout their supply chain. We support our
and civil society actors on increasing supply
suppliers’ efforts to establish data collection
chain transparency and improve sourcing across
mechanisms, which facilitate the monitoring of
mineral value chains.
progress and enable timely responses to emerging
For more information on our responsible sourcing risks.
practices, please see our 2023 Sustainability
We offer suppliers comprehensive risk assessment
Report.
and mitigation toolkits to identify potential issues
before these are surfaced during audits and allowing
To help promote better standards for cotton more us to engage suppliers in a remediation process from
widely, Amazon sponsors and participates in the the outset. In 2023, we launched a responsible recruit-
Responsible Sourcing Network initiative YESS™: Yarn ment performance evaluation survey, consisting of
Ethically & Sustainably Sourced. YESS supports fabric a list of targeted questions to gather information
and spinning mills in implementing a risk-based on risks, controls, and recruitment agencies. Where
due diligence approach for cotton sourcing, and issues are identified, we offer suppliers dedicated
promotes collaboration with the goal of preventing, case management support, which includes providing
mitigating, and remediating forced labor in cotton remediation guidebooks. For example, our recruit-
production. In 2023, YESS launched its program to ment fee remediation guidebook, updated in 2023,
assess fabric and spinning mills in India and Pakistan. provides suppliers with guidance on implementing a
Amazon is supporting YESS’s efforts to scale and to zero worker-paid recruitment fee policy, calculating
expand the program to Vietnam and Bangladesh. fee repayment, creating effective reimbursement
plans, and engaging responsible labor agents. The
We continue to expand our responsible recruitment guidebook also includes sample language for terms
interventions. Amazon is committed to addressing of employment for clear communication between
deceptive recruitment practices and payment of suppliers and workers. Additionally, in 2023, we
recruitment fees, which can be indicators of modern introduced a guidebook to assist suppliers in
slavery. Our responsible recruitment interventions preventing and remediating the retention of identity
aim at gaining greater visibility into supplier and documents. We believe providing suppliers with the
employment agency recruitment practices, and at right data, strategies, and tools helps them detect
reducing the risk of forced labor in Amazon’s supply and address risks in their supply chains effectively.
chain.
We encourage suppliers to participate in external
Through increased due diligence and new strategic training programs, such as industry association
partnerships, we have deepened our understand- tutorials to recognize and prevent modern slavery
ing of recruitment practices in different regions and implement high-quality management systems.
and industries. This work highlighted root causes of We also provide suppliers with responsible recruit-
risks, particularly in origin and destination countries ment training. In 2023, we extended our responsi-
for foreign migrant workers. Charging workers ble recruitment training to our logistics and services
recruitment fees is not permitted under Amazon’s providers and expanded offerings in additional
Supply Chain Standards. Where fees were found countries that are common destinations for foreign
to have been charged, we support our suppliers to migrant workers. Working with the Issara Institute,
understand ethical recruitment practices, create and Microbenefits, the Mekong Club, and Verité, we
implement remediation plans to reimburse workers offered supplier training sessions on modern slavery
(in full and in a manner that protects workers and risks and responsible recruitment practices in
their families from harm and retaliation), and build Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand,
effective responsible recruitment systems to prevent and the United Arab Emirates. These sessions
recruitment fees from being charged to workers at focused on topics including implementing effective
any point in the hiring process. risk mitigation controls, identifying issues in recruit-
ment and hiring processes for migrant workers, and
Our responsible recruitment initiatives are structured establishing strong management systems to address
around six core area: awareness raising; specialized and prevent these issues.
training; case management support; risk assessment
and mitigation toolkits; transparent data, analysis, Human rights risks are systemic in nature; the key to
and reporting; and partnerships. addressing them is cross-industry engagement and
collaboration. We engage with strategic partners
We offer suppliers on-site and remote support to
Modern Slavery Statement 2023 12

and are committed to expanding collaboration with We provide a modern slavery training program to
external parties, leveraging partnerships to drive our own employees, suppliers, and transportation
remediation and exert positive influence. For more associates. As a global company employing over
information, please see the “Our Engagement with a million workers around the world, we recognize
Strategic Stakeholders” section and our 2023 Sus- the responsibility and opportunity we have to raise
tainability Report. awareness among our employees and collabora-
tors on human rights issues. In 2023, we updated
…with our selling partners our modern slavery training, available to employees
We include our Supply Chain Standards as part of our in seven languages and customized by region. This
business relationship with selling partners.11 Selling training builds awareness on how to recognize
partners registering for or using a service (including indicators of modern slavery in the workplace and
Selling on Amazon, Fulfillment by Amazon, Amazon report concerns to appropriate authorities. We are
Advertising, Transaction Processing Services, and the also a corporate sponsor of Truckers Against Traf-
Selling Partner API) agree to the terms of the Amazon ficking, which stands committed to educate, equip,
Services Business Solutions Agreement, which incor- empower, and mobilize members of the trucking,
porates Amazon’s Supply Chain Standards. bus, and energy industries to address human traf-
ficking. We include Truckers Against Trafficking
We evaluate credible allegations of selling partner modules in our training for internal fleet drivers to
violations of our Supply Chain Standards. If we help them identify and respond to potential human
have reason to suspect products do not meet our trafficking victims; training 9,970 Amazon transpor-
Standards, we may request evidence of due diligence tation associates in 2023.
from selling partners to demonstrate products were
manufactured in accordance with our Standards. We We are working to constantly improve our
reserve the right to remove products that do not approach to combating child labor. Amazon is
meet our Standards from our stores. committed to ensuring our products and services
are provided in a way that respects human rights,
…in our operations and combating child labor in global supply
We offer various ways for our employees to share chains is an important part of that pledge. We
grievances and raise concerns. Amazon offers are a member of the Child Rights in Business
a variety of communication mechanisms for Working Group founded by The Centre for Child
employees, including an externally managed Ethics Rights in Business and committed to support
Line. In addition, MyVoice, Amazon’s primary Voice the Joint Action Pledge in 2021 to strengthen
of Associate platform, provides a two-way com- the protection of children’s rights and accelerate
munication channel between our global associates actions to address child labor in global supply
and their site leadership. The online tool allows chains. In 2023, Amazon worked with The
employees to express concerns, offer suggestions, Centre to deliver an online training on child labor
and ask questions to leadership teams who reply prevention and remediation and young worker
directly, enabling quicker, more collaborative issue management, to our central human rights team
remediation. For more information on these systems, and key internal stakeholders.
please see the “Code of Business Conduct and Ethics”
section and our 2023 Sustainability Report. We are leveraging technology to enhance our
internal programs. In 2023, we launched a new
In the Middle East, North Africa, Mexico, the UK, and initiative to identify and proactively address forced
the U.S., we conducted focus groups with contract labor and modern slavery risk indicators across our
workers within our global operations to understand business. The program brings together employees
their familiarity with grievance mechanisms, whether from our human rights, eCommerce, and fraud teams
they are able to access them, and what barriers they to identify and eliminate instances of exploitation—
may face to using them. with a focus on victim safety.

For all individuals, including members of the public, Working with both internal and external experts
employees, and workers in our supply chain, we in human trafficking, the cross-functional team is
introduced a new way to notify us about potential establishing clear protocols, mandatory training,
human rights and environmental concerns - a web and policies on identifying potential victims of
form where people can anonymously report cases forced labor or modern slavery within our business
directly to Amazon. The form is available in 19 operations, as well as detailing what employees
languages and dialects and can be accessed globally. should do if they observe any indicators of human
trafficking. These include guidance on ensuring
victim safety, providing immediate support and
11 Selling partners are vendors and third-party sellers that sell or supply
products and services in Amazon’s stores.
assistance to them, as well as involving relevant
Modern Slavery Statement 2023 13

authorities and support organizations. More broadly, to eradicate human trafficking using technology.
we are working to help our businesses understand Building on the success of the inaugural TAT Summit,
how to address the root causes of any exploitation which was hosted in 2022, the 2023 Summit, titled
they identify within our supply chain and business “Leveraging Technology to Eradicate Forced Labor”,
practices. brought together over 140 global anti-trafficking
leaders, including businesses, civil society, academia,
…with AWS government, and survivors with lived experience.
Our customers use AWS technology to combat Panelists and experts explored how technology can
modern slavery. Throughout 2023, we continued to eradicate forced labor and labor trafficking and how
partner closely with Thorn, a non-profit that builds companies like Amazon can prevent the misuse of
technology to combat child sexual abuse at scale. technology to facilitate these crimes. In 2023, we
Amazon provides millions of dollars in AWS credits worked with Polaris and the Issara Institute—both
for Thorn to power its tools. Thorn leverages a participants of the TAT Accelerator—to scale their
variety of AWS solutions to support Safer, a solution technology solutions to address human trafficking.
that uses advanced AI and machine learning models
Amazon is increasing partnerships with key
to detect child sexual abuse material (CSAM) at scale.
multi-stakeholder initiatives. In 2023, we expanded
Safer helps companies identify, review, and report
our relationships and work with key external partners
CSAM from content-hosting platforms. In 2023,
that help us advance our work on modern slavery.
Safer helped companies detect over 3.8 million
We joined the Mekong Club, a non-profit that works
CSAM files. We make Thorn’s Safer technology
with the private sector to address modern slavery.
available to businesses via the Amazon Web Services
Through the organization, we developed a suppli-
(AWS) Marketplace so they can proactively identify
er-facing remediation guide and trained vendors
and address CSAM.
in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates on
In the U.S., Amazon collaborates with the National responsible recruitment practices. We also continued
Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC), our work with the Indirect Spend Alliance (ISA), an
a child protection organization committed to aiding industry working group that aims to identify oper-
the search for missing children, reducing child ational areas of shared human rights risk in pro-
sexual exploitation, and preventing child victimiza- curement and design a single industry approach
tion. NCMEC utilizes AWS technology and services to addressing hotspots. We collaborate with Better
to support the infrastructure of several programs. Work’s regional teams and participate in the Buyers
Amazon’s subsidiary Ring works with NCMEC to Forum and Business for Social Responsibility’s (BSR)
distribute geo-targeted missing child posters visible Human Rights Working Group to share knowledge
in the Ring Neighbors app and across social media. and learnings about our human rights issues and
NCMEC’s Missing Child posters encourage users discuss how to address them through collective
to contact proper law enforcement or NCMEC if action. Efforts like these are vital to understanding
they have information that could aid in the search hotspots across our supply chain and developing
for a missing child. Amazon serves on NCMEC’s impactful risk mitigation strategies that put the
Board of Directors and in 2023 provided hundreds interests of workers first.
of thousands of dollars in AWS credits to reliably
support mission-critical applications that assist We are collaborating with the International
NCMEC’s mission of making sure that every child has Organization for Migration (IOM). In 2023,
a safe childhood. Amazon and IOM partnered to collaborate on
Promoting the Respect of Human and Labor
Amazon supports Polaris, a non-profit and AWS Rights of Migrant Workers in Global Supply Chains.
customer that leads a survivor-centered, justice- and Through this strategic collaboration, we will work
equity-driven movement to end human trafficking together to advance our suppliers’ and business
in the U.S. AWS provides financial and technical partners’ respect of migrant workers’ rights and
support to enhance Polaris’s data collection and improve safe labor migration and socio-eco-
operations and improve trafficking identification nomic inclusion. Amazon and IOM will focus
and prevention. Since 2007, Polaris has identified on human rights due diligence, mapping labor
over 82,300 situations of human trafficking. migration processes across relevant corridors,
capacity building of supply chain partners in
…with other organizations countries of origin and destination, and engaging
Amazon collaborates with NGOs, governments, and in multi-stakeholder initiatives to drive positive
other companies to reduce and disrupt modern change across relevant industries.
slavery. Amazon is a member of the steering
committee for Tech Against Trafficking (TAT), a
coalition of companies and global experts working
Modern Slavery Statement 2023 14

Our Engagement with Strategic Stakeholders

We engage with industry and multi-stakeholder organizations around the world to continually improve our
efforts to address modern slavery. We also establish strategic partnerships with organizations on the ground
in areas where we operate to aid their efforts in directly supporting potential victims.

Amazon partners with the Amader Kotha Helpline to provide workers in the ready-made garment
sector in Bangladesh with a platform to voice their concerns related to labor, safety, and other issues.
Amader Kotha
Through the helpline, Amazon gains direct feedback from workers in our supply chain to help us im-
prove working conditions.

Amazon works with amfori, a leading global business association for open and sustainable trade. amfori
brings together over 2,500 retailers, importers, brands, and associations from over 40 countries to drive
amfori
social performance and improvements across global supply chains. We accept Business Social Compli-
ance Initiative (amfori BSCI) audits as part of our supplier due diligence program.

Amazon partners with Better Buying Institute, a leading global initiative committed to leveraging sup-
plier data to help drive lasting improvements in global supply chains. Better Buying’s cloud-based plat-
form enables suppliers to anonymously rate the purchasing practices of their buyers, and identify which
Better Buying
practices the buyer needs to improve. Brands and retailers can then use these data-driven insights to
partner with their suppliers to continuously improve, to measure progress year over year, and achieve
mutually beneficial sustainability outcomes.

We require Amazon-branded suppliers in a number of regions to enroll in Better Work - a partnership

between the International Labor Organization and the International Finance Corporation, a member of
the World Bank Group. Better Work focuses on improving working conditions, empowering and recog-
Better Work nizing workers’ rights, and making the global garment sector more competitive, resilient, and inclusive.
By working directly with factories and workers and their representatives, Better Work supports greater
compliance with national labor laws and international labor standards through factory assessments and
training, as well as advocacy and research that changes policies, attitudes, and behaviors.

Amazon is a member of Business for Social Responsibility (BSR), a sustainable business network and
Business for Social consultancy focused on creating a world in which all people can thrive on a healthy planet. We partici-
Responsibility pate in various BSR collaborative initiatives, including Tech Against Trafficking, Global Business Coalition
Against Trafficking (GBCAT), and the Human Rights Working Group.

Amazon is a member of Cascale, a global non-profit alliance catalyzing collective action toward equita-
ble and restorative business practices in the consumer goods industry. Spanning 300 retailers, brands,
Cascale
manufacturers, governments, academics, industry associations, and non-profits worldwide, Cascale is
united by a singular vision to give back more than it takes for people and the planet.

International Amazon and the International Labour Organization (IOM) – the leading organization within the United
Organization for Nations system promoting humane and orderly migration for the benefit of all – collaborate on Pro-
Migration moting the Respect of Human and Labour Rights of Migrant Workers in Global Supply Chains.

Amazon is part of the Indirect Spend Alliance, an industry working group that aims to identify oper-
Indirect Spend
ational areas of shared human rights risk in procurement and design a single industry approach to
Alliance
address hotspots.

Issara Institute is an independent non-profit organization based in Asia tackling issues of human traf-
ficking and forced labor through worker voice, partnership, and innovation. Through Issara’s Strategic
Issara Institute
Partners Program, Amazon is advancing our support and commitments to workers, suppliers, and
recruitment agencies in our own supply chain and the broader ecosystem.

National Center for The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC) is a child protection organization com-
Missing and Exploited mitted to aiding the search for missing children, reducing child sexual exploitation, and preventing child
Children victimization. Amazon serves on NCMEC’s Board of Directors.

Amazon supports Polaris, a non-profit and AWS customer that leads a survivor-centered, justice- and
equity-driven justice movement to end human trafficking in the U.S. AWS provides financial and tech-
Polaris
nical support to enhance Polaris’s data collection and operations and improve trafficking identification
and prevention.

Amazon joined the Public-Private Alliance for the Responsible Minerals Trade (PPA) in 2020 and serves
Public-Private Alli- on the PPA’s Governance Committee. The PPA is a multi-stakeholder working to promote ethically and
ance for the Responsi- economically sound minerals supply chains, due diligence systems, and local governance systems that
ble Minerals Trade uphold human rights and labor rights, support environmental responsibility, eliminate links to armed
conflict and corruption, and maximize benefits to the communities where minerals are produced.
Modern Slavery Statement 2023 15

Amazon is a member of the Responsible Business Alliance (RBA), a non-profit coalition of companies
Responsible Business committed to supporting the rights and well-being of workers and communities worldwide affected by
Alliance global supply chains. We accept RBA Validated Assessment Program (VAP) audits as part of our supplier
due diligence program.

Amazon is a member of the Responsible Labor Initiative (RLI), a multi-industry, multi-stakeholder initia-
Responsible Labor
tive hosted by the RBA. The RLI is focused on ensuring that the rights of workers vulnerable to forced
Initiative
labor in global supply chains are consistently respected and promoted.

Amazon is a member of the Responsible Minerals Initiative (RMI), an initiative of the RBA, which
Responsible Minerals provides companies with tools and resources to make sourcing decisions that improve regulatory
Initiative compliance and support responsible sourcing globally. Amazon participates in the RMI’s working groups
devoted to smelter engagement.

Amazon is a member of Sedex, a global membership organization and solutions provider that empow-
ers companies to build responsible supply chains. Sedex provides businesses with a comprehensive data
Sedex platform, practical tools and resources to operate ethically, source responsibly, and work with their sup-
pliers to create fair working conditions for the people who make their products and services. We accept
Sedex Members Ethical Trade Audit (SMETA) audits as part of our responsible sourcing program.

Amazon partners with StolenYouth, a Seattle-based organization with the mission to end child sex
trafficking in the state of Washington through prevention, connecting trafficked youth to resources and
StolenYouth
services, and empowering survivors along their path to recovery and a promising future. We support
StolenYouth by providing both financial support and goods donations.

Tech Against Amazon is a member of the steering committee for Tech Against Trafficking (TAT), a coalition of compa-
Trafficking nies and global experts working to eradicate human trafficking using technology.

Amazon is a member of the Child Rights in Business Working Group founded by The Centre for Child
The Centre for Child Rights and Business (The Centre). In 2021, we committed to support The Centre’s Joint Action Pledge.
Rights and Business The Centre supports businesses to deliver improvements within their supply chains that not only bene-
fit workers, families and children, but also deliver positive business outcomes.

Amazon is an official partner of The Copper Mark, which oversees the world’s only comprehensive social
The Copper Mark
and environmental assurance program for the copper industry.

Amazon is as a member of the Mekong Club, a non-profit that works with the private sector to address
The Mekong Club
modern slavery.

Amazon sponsors and participates in YESS, an initiative of the Responsible Sourcing Network. YESS
The Responsible
supports spinning and fabric mills in implementing a risk-based due diligence approach for cotton
Sourcing Network
sourcing, and promotes collaboration with the goal of preventing, mitigating, and remediating forced
initiative YESS™
labor in cotton production.

Thorn, a non-profit that builds technology to combat child sexual abuse at scale. Thorn leverages a vari-
ety of AWS solutions to support Safer, a solution that uses advanced AI and machine learning models
Thorn
to detect child sexual abuses material (CSAM) from content-hosting platforms. AWS makes Safer avail-
able to its customers through the AWS Marketplace.

Amazon is a corporate sponsor of Truckers Against Trafficking, an organization that stands committed
Truckers Against
to educate, equip, empower, and mobilize members of the trucking, bus, and energy industries to
Trafficking
address human trafficking.

Amazon partners with Ulula to amplify worker voices and create more responsible supply chains. We
help connect our suppliers to Ulula’s digital platform to proactively gather worker insights via quar-
terly surveys on varying workplace topics and enable workers to anonymously report concerns and
Ulula
seek resolution from factory management in their preferred language and channel, with support from
independent third-party experts. Ulula’s platform is available to workers in Cambodia, China, India, and
Pakistan.

Amazon is a member of the United States Council for International Business (USCIB). As the sole U.S. af-
United States Council filiate of the International Organization of Employers, USCIB represents American business at the Inter-
for International national Labour Organization, and also engages with U.S. and international policymakers at the United
Business Nations and the OECD to support policies that promote respect for human rights under the UN Guiding
Principles on Business and Human Rights, including on issues of forced labor and human trafficking.
Modern Slavery Statement 2023 16

Looking to the Years Ahead

We are proud of the progress we have made to further respect and advance human rights throughout our
business, including actions to prevent and address modern slavery risks. As our program grows, we look
forward to scaling our ongoing initiatives and priorities and further engaging in company-wide efforts to
address risks posed by modern slavery. Looking to the years ahead, we will continue to strengthen our com-
mitments under these key pillars:
• Regularly review and update our policies and assessment processes
• Grow out partnerships with organizations that are combating modern slavery
• Expand out training and capacity-building efforts
• Regularly review and improve our supply chain due diligence efforts
Modern Slavery Statement 2023 17

Approval and Signature In accordance with the requirements of the Act, and in particular
section 11 thereof, I attest that I have reviewed the infor-
mation contained in the report for the entity or entities listed
Amazon’s global policies, practices, and procedures above. Based on my knowledge, and having exercised reasonable
to assess and address the risk of modern slavery are diligence, I attest that the information in the report is true,
accurate and complete in all material respects for the purposes
implemented with attention to the local contexts of the Act, for the reporting year listed above.
and specific regional needs, and in consultation
with each of the reporting entities and the entities Matt Busbridge, Director, 29 May 2024
they own and control. Consultation on Amazon’s Matt Busbridge
approach to modern slavery is led by Amazon’s
I have the authority to bind Amazon.com.ca ULC.
central team, which has visibility over and responsi-
bility for assessing and providing Amazon businesses In accordance with the requirements of the Act, and in particular
with the tools to address modern slavery risks in our section 11 thereof, I attest that I have reviewed the infor-
global operations and supply chains. mation contained in the report for the entity or entities listed
above. Based on my knowledge, and having exercised reasonable
diligence, I attest that the information in the report is true,
Amazon’s central team works closely and on an
accurate and complete in all material respects for the purposes
ongoing basis with Amazon entities worldwide of the Act, for the reporting year listed above.
to identify risks, and implement and monitor our
approach to modern slavery. Jesse Dougherty, Director, 28 May 2024

Jesse Dougherty
This annual statement has been prepared by
I have the authority to bind Amazon Development Centre
Amazon’s subject matter experts responsible for
Canada ULC.
supporting Amazon’s efforts to address human rights
risks in our operations and supply chains. As part of In accordance with the requirements of the Act, and in particular
the development of this statement, key functions section 11 thereof, I attest that I have reviewed the infor-
worldwide, including in the entities and jurisdictions mation contained in the report for the entity or entities listed
above. Based on my knowledge, and having exercised reasonable
covered by regulatory requirements, were actively diligence, I attest that the information in the report is true,
engaged and consulted. A collaborative approach accurate and complete in all material respects for the purposes
was taken, reporting requirements were discussed, of the Act, for the reporting year listed above.
and relevant materials and updates were presented
Jasmin Begagic, Director, 28 May 2024
on an ongoing basis.
Jasmin Begagic
The statement was reviewed by cross-functional I have the authority to bind Amazon Canada Fulfillment Services,
stakeholders including representatives and leaders ULC.
from our global and local legal, public policy, sus-
tainability, and supply chain teams, and directors
from each reporting entity.
This statement was approved by the Amazon European Board of
Directors and covers all activities undertaken by Amazon’s U.K.
entities.

Amazon EU SARL, U.K. Branch

John Boumphrey
John Boumphrey,
UK Country Manager, 2024

This statement was approved by Amazon Commercial Services

Pty Ltd and covers all activities undertaken by Amazon’s
Australian entities.

Amazon Commercial Services Pty Ltd

Janet Menzies
Janet Menzies,
AU Country Manager, 2024