Albert einstein

The Portrait of a lady
Textual Question Answer
Understanding the text
1. The three phases of the author’s relationship with his grandmother
before he left the country to study abroad.
Ans: (i) In the village where the author lived without his parents, the grandmother took full care of
him like waking him up, bath, making him ready, and taking him to school, etc. They were
inseparable buddies
(ii) In the city, they shared the same room but the granny could not take him to school as he traveled
on a bus. Their closeness began to decrease.
(iii) Gradually the author became busy with his school activities, his studies increased and he started
using difficult words with his grandmother. She found it uncomfortable with the new topics of study
and hurt to know that there were music lessons in the new school. After that, she started being with
herself and their friendship became weaker.
2. Three reasons why the author’s grandmother was disturbed when

he started going to the city school. (2016)
Ans: (i) The grandmother was disturbed because she could not do many things for her grandchild
when he went to the new school. She could not accompany him to school and get him bathed or do
other things for him.
(ii) The author began to study more and mention some difficult subjects. The grandmother felt
unhappy not being able to help him with his studies anymore. Moreover, she was angry to know that
there were no lessons of God and of the scriptures.
(iii) She was terribly hurt to know that there were music lessons in the city school, she did not like
music at all.
3. Mention three ways in which the author’s grandmother spent her days after he grew up. (2012,
17)
Ans: (i) The grandmother spent most of her time spinning the wheel.
(ii) She recited prayers, read the scriptures, and told the beads of a rosary.
(iii) In the afternoon she fed the sparrows in the verandah.
4. The odd way in which the author’s grandmother behaved just before
she died.
Ans: When the author's grandmother had a fever, she said that her death was approaching. Despite
everyone's protests, she kept that her illness was because she had missed her prayers the previous
evening. She just waited to pray without wasting a moment. She lay peacefully in bed and started
praying and telling her beads. Moments after, the rosary fell from her hand and her lips stopped
moving. Peace rested on her face, she had died.
5. The way in which the sparrows expressed their sorrow when the
author’s grandmother died. (2015, 16)
Ans: The grandmother's corpse was being laid on the ground and covered with a red shroud. It
turned to the evening when she was taken for cremation. At that time, the usual time for the birds,
the sparrows came there but were extremely quiet and patient, they did not make any sound of
chirping. When they were given pieces of bread, they did not even look at them. After their old
friend was taken away, they too silently flew away. They were grieved immensely.
Talking about the text
1. The author’s grandmother was a religious person. What are the different ways in which we
come to know this?
Ans: The author's grandmother was a deeply religious woman. she spent most of her time praying
and reading the scriptures. She was also engaged in telling the beads of a rosary. She wished that the
young generation should be taught to be religious, she, therefore, recited the prayers near him
when the author was a small child. She felt disgusted to know that there were no teachings about
God and scriptures in the new school of the grandson. Even when she fell ill she strongly felt that it
was the result of her omission of prayers and after that, she started reciting prayers and telling the
beads, Without delay. Thus, she died praying to God and this proves that she was truly devoted.
2. Describe the changing relationship between the author and his grandmother. Did their feelings
for each other change? (2012, 15, 17)
Ans: In the village, the grandmother was the author's constant friend. She used to wake him up and
get ready for school. She accompanied him to his school and brought him back along with her.
Besides taking every care of her, she helped him with his studies. But in the city, he went to an
English School, and gradually his topics of conversation grew difficult, he began talking about the law
of gravity, Archimedes, the round shape of the earth, etc. So, she could no longer help him in his
studies and felt sad. She felt unhappy about the absence of religious teachings in that school. Most
unpleasant for her was the music lessons which she hated. She almost stopped talking to him.
But their feelings for each other never changed, the grandmother loved him equally and he too had
the same regard for her.
3. Would you agree that the author’s grandmother was a person strong in character? If yes, give
instances that show this.
Ans: Yes the grandmother was a strong character. First, she was physically strong inspite of her old
age, second, she never sat idle, she spans the wheel, recited prayers fed the birds, and maybe did
other things of her own. In the village, she did everything for the author and took perfect care of
him. Third, She was mentally strong, she never showed too much emotion or weakness; one reason
for this was her faith in God. Again she was able to hold back her sadness when the author was going
abroad and even received him at the railway station after five years. She was duty-bound and never
missed her regular activities of life. She passed on this enthusiasm and zeal to others also. Finally, we
got to know from the evening prior to her death, that she could enjoy
so well.
4. Have you known someone like the author’s grandmother? Do you feel the same sense of loss
with regard to someone whom you have loved and lost? (2014)
Ans: My paternal grandparents had died before my birth, but I was blessed with the love of my
maternal grandparents. My grandfather was also almost like Khushwant Singh's grandmother. He
was a hardworking, punctual, and diligent farmer who never spent a minute idle in his life. He was a
strong and stout man, very tall and fair, he left for the fields early in the morning and even after the
day's work used to make things from bamboo-like mats, baskets, containers for storing grains, etc.,
and even nets for catching fish. He scolded his son (my uncle) who is a very lazy person and in no
way capable of working hard like his father. Even at the age of 75, my grandfather could climb
coconut trees to fetch betel leaves. He was hurt if even a single grain was wasted while eating meals.
This way he raised his big family very well and got his six daughters married as well. He passed away
last year at 80 and I really miss his loving presence. I do feel his loss
as I loved him dearly.
Previous Years Question Answers Notes
1. How does Khuswant Singh describe his grandmother in ' The Portrait of a lady'? (2013)
Ans: Khushwant Singh describe his grandmother as a very sweet old woman who seems to be in the
same stage forever.Since he had seen her old right from his childhood. He says it becomes hard to
believe that when people say she had been once pretty and young.
The grandmother was very religious, she used to keep praying throughout the day, most of the time
silently within herself, her rosary also shows her to be a devotee of God. She was very kind, in the
village, she used to feed the street dogs every day, even in the city she continued her kindness,
every afternoon she fed the sparrows. She was an active and confident woman. She kept spinning
the wheel when free. She was mentally very strong because she was capable of controlling her
emotions.
2. Give the author's views about the grandmother's apprehension for music. (2014)
Ans: When one day she learned from the author that there were music lessons in the new school in
the city, the grandmother got frustrated and tense because her notions about music were not
pleasant. She believed music to be the business of beggars and poor people.
3. Have you known someone like the author’s grandmother? Do you feel the same sense of loss
with regard to someone whom you have loved and lost? (2014)
Ans: See Question No. 4 (Talking about the text) (Textual question)
4. How did the sparrows react to the death of the author's grandmother? (2015, 16)
Ans: See Question No. 5 (Understanding the text) (Textual question)
5. What is the difference between village school education and urban school education as brought
out in the lesson ' The Portrait of a Lady'? (2015)
Ans: In the village school the priest taught the alphabet and morning prayer. There were lessons on
scriptures and prayers were recited in chorus near the temple. But in the urban school, there were
lessons in science and maths. There were no lessons about God and the scriptures. Moreover, music
lessons were also imparted in an urban school.
6. Three reasons why the author’s grandmother was disturbed when
he started going to the city school. (2016)
Ans: Ans: See Question no. 2 (Understanding the text) (Textual question)
7. Mention three ways in which the author’s grandmother spent her days after he grew up. (2012,
17)
Ans: Ans: See Question no. 3 (Understanding the text) (Textual question)
8. Describe the changing relationship between the author and his grandmother. Did their feelings
for each other change? (2012, 15, 17)
Ans: See Question No. 2 (Talking about the text) (Textual question)
9. Describe the childhood days spent in the village by the author with his grandmother. (2018)
Ans: The narrator spent his childhood with his grandmother in a village. At the village school, he was
taught scriptures and prayer. The grandmother was the author's constant friend. She used to wake
him up and get ready for school. She accompanied him to his school and brought him back along
with her. While coming back from school he used to feed the chapattis to the street dogs that the
grandmother carried for them. Besides taking every care of her, she helped him with his studies.
10. Give two examples of the author's grandmother's love of animals. (2018)
Ans: Two examples of the author's grandmother's love of animals are
(i) She used to give state chapatis to street dogs.
(ii) She used to feed the sparrows and never drove them away.
11. Why have the sparrows refused to eat the crumbs of the bread on the death of the author's
grandmother? (2019)
Ans: The sparrows refused to eat the crumbs of the bread in order to express their grief over the
death of the grandmother and to mourn over her death.
12. Give a description of the author's grandmother after your reading of 'The Portrait of a
Lady' (2019)
Ans: The author's grandmother was a very sweet old woman. The grandmother was very religious,
she used to keep praying throughout the day, most of the time silently within herself, her rosary also
shows her to be a devotee of God. She was very kind, in the village, she used to feed the street dogs
every day, even in the city she continued her kindness, every afternoon she fed the sparrows. She
was an active and confident woman. She kept spinning the wheel when free. She was mentally very
strong because she was capable of controlling her emotions.
The landscape of the soul
Textual Question Answers AHSEC
1. Contrast the Chinese view of art with the European view with examples. (2015, 2016,17)
Ans: A Chinese artist believes that art is not at the mercy of the physical eyes, but an essence of the
inner spirit in man. He wants the viewers not to follow his eyes to look at a landscape but his mind
and look at it through the spiritual eye. He gives us the freedom to interpret a painting in our own
way. In the painting made for the Chinese Emperor, the artist Wu Daozi made the Emperor realize
that the outer appearance, good or bad, is meaningful. The internal and spiritual beauty is more
valuable.
The European art form is different. A European artist lends a fixed 'real' meaning to his painting, he
wants the viewer to see through his eyes to realize the meanings of the landscape. European art
creates an illusion of reality. The fly's image painted by Quintan is an example of the European view
of art.
2. Explain the concept of 'Shanshui'.(2012,13,14,15)

Ans: The Chinese word 'Shanshui' means mountain water (Yang-yin). Together, these two words
comprise the Daoist view of the universe 'Yang' is 'mountain'-stable, warm, and dry in the sun which
reaches vertically towards Heaven. Water is 'yin' - the receptive feminine aspect of universal energy.
It rests on the earth horizontally and is fluid, moist, and cool.
3. What do you understand by the terms 'outside art' and 'art brut' or 'raw art?
Ans: These terms and words denote a newer form of art, the art of those who have no right to be
called artists and are devoid of any formal learning. Such artists through have an inborn talent and a
special artistic insight. They can accomplish their art by using many unusual things like tin or even a
broken car. Such an Indian artist is Nek Chand- the creator of the Rock Garden of Chandigarh.
4. Who was the 'untutored genius' who created a paradise' and what is the nature of his
contribution to art? (2012)
Ans: The 'untutored genius' who created the paradise called the Rock Garden of Chandigarh was Nek
Chand. First, he cleared a little patch of jungle, and there he established an outstanding creation of
art. Instead of using the conventional tools of art, he used his masterpieces were stones and some
broken pieces of materials. Even without any formal training in art, he was capable of giving such a
wonderful contribution to outsider art. This is because he was blessed with inborn talent and insight
into art. He has been able to take this art form to remarkable heights and earn international acclaim.
But he himself said that he is happier to see the people enjoy his creation garden.
Previous Years Question Answers Notes
1..Explain the concept of 'Shanshui'.(2012,13,14,15)

Ans: See Qno. 2 (Textual Question Answers AHSEC)
2. Who was the 'untutored genius' who created a paradise' and what is the nature of his
contribution to art? (2012)
3. Contrast the Chinese view of art with the European view with examples. (2015, 2016,17)
4. What did Wu Daozi paint for the Emperor? (2016)

Ans: For the emperor, Wu Daozi paints a landscape to decorate the place wall. In painting, he
painted the forests, waterfalls, mountains, clouds, and the immense sky along with a cave where
dwelt a spirit.
5. What are 'Yang' and 'Yin'? (2019)

Ans: Yang means mountain and Yin means water.
Extra-Important Question Solutions
1. Who was Wu Daozi?

Ans: Wu Daozi was a great painter of China in the eighth century.
2. Who was Quintan?

Ans: Quintan Metsys was a master Blacksmith who lived in Antwerp(now Belgium) in the fifteenth
century. His devotion to art helped him to become a painter's apprentice and later become one of
the greatest painters of his age.
3. What did Quinten do to achieve his love?

Ans: Quintan decided to prove his dedication to his love. One day he secretly entered the painter's
studio and painted a fly on his latest painting. The painters took the fly as a real one and tried to
swat it away. Realizing the truth he was very impressed. He married his daughter to Quinten.
4. With Whom did Quintan fall in love? Did he get his love easily? Why?
Ans: Quintan fell in love with a painter's daughter. The girl's father was not ready to accept Quinten
as his son-in-law because he was a blacksmith.
Ailing planet
Textual Questions Answers
Understanding the text
1. Locate the lines in the text that support the title ‘The Ailing Planet’.
Ans: The line which supports the title 'The Ailing Planet' is - "The earth's vital signs reveal a patient in
declining health." This part of the text says that the chief systems of the earth like natural resources
and their productivity are being continually destroyed and are now deprived of their ability to
sustain life. The fisheries, croplands, grasslands, and forests are so exhausted that the earth
seems to be suffering from terrible ailments and has no possibility to regain its health.
2. What does the notice ‘The world’s most dangerous animal’ at a cage in the zoo at Lusaka,
Zambia, signify? (2017)
Ans: The noticeboard signifies that it was the cage of the world's most dangerous animal but not a
single animal is present inside as the species itself is extinct. Besides, the mirror shows the person
who goes there. This makes us aware that it is a man who is the most dangerous in this world, man is
so harmful that it has destroyed the signs of endless species of living organisms in this world. His
ways of living and fortune to nature must be stopped now. The notice and the mirror in the zoo are
enough for man to realize that he must take up his vital responsibility to take care of all liver on this
planet and help others live as well, he must stop being dangerous.
3. How are the earth’s principal biological systems being depleted?

Ans: The four major biological systems of the earth are - fisheries, forests, grasslands, and croplands.
These combine to become the basis of the world's economy. They supply us not only with food but
also raw materials for many purposes. But it is really depressing that these are being continually
depleted and very fast too. Forest is cut for many purposes but plantations are so slow. Fisheries are
destroyed by the demand made by over-fishing. Grassland has turned to barren lands and croplands
have lost their fertility. So, The whole matter is of serious concern.
4. Why does the author aver that the growth of the world population is one of the strongest
factors distorting the future of human society?
Ans: The author gives us a definite estimate of the fast rate at which the world's population has
been increasing and crossed 5 billion. More population will require more food, no more raw
materials, and more resources are left to live on. This is a pressure on the earth which is
already suffering from intolerable pressure and demands. Due to the increase in the demands of
mankind; the forest fisheries, grasslands, and croplands are continually getting deprived of their
sustainability and if this continues, the future generation will have nothing left for survival. This
makes it clear that the rise in the world population is helping to the destruction of mankind's future.
Previous Years Questions Notes
1. When was the Green Movement started and where was it founded? (2014)
Ans: The Green Movement was started in 1972 and the first group was founded in New Zealand.
2. What does the author mean by sustainable development in the essay? In which year did the
concept become popular? (2015)
Ans: The author says that the concept called sustainable development means development that
caters to the needs of the present without affecting the ability of the future generation to fulfill their
needs. In 1980 the concept become popular.
3. Explain the line "We have not inherited this earth from our forefathers, we have borrowed it
from our children.' (2015, 16, 18)
Ans: The author says that the natural resources of the earth is valuable and limited also. We must
preserve them, we cannot destroy them according to our wishes. But sadly, that is what we are
doing today, we are exerting too much pressure on the planet to fulfill our needs. We are destroying
forests, lands, fisheries, water life, etc. which have killed many species of wildlife. This has destroyed
the ecological balance of the environment creating endless problems for life on earth - both for
living beings and also for the planet itself. The author says that the earth is not our patrimony to be
used and exhausted as we wish. It is rather an asset which we have borrowed from our future
generations and we must reform it to them in do condition. They must be something left for our
children to and from the earth.
4. What is Sustainable Development? (2015, 18)
Ans: Sustainable Development means development that caters to the needs of the present without
affecting the ability of the future generation to fulfill their needs.
5. What is the Green Movement and what are its aims? (2016)
Ans: The Green Movement is a movement that is organized to save environmental degradation. Its
aim is to create a holistic approach to safeguard the planet from further degradation.
6. How is man the most dangerous animal in this world? (2016)

Ans: Man is the most dangerous animal in the world as he has posed dangers to the other beings on
earth. man is so harmful that it has destroyed the signs of endless species of living organisms in this
world. In order to satisfy the daily needs of material life. We are exploiting all the natural resources
of the earth and exerting too much pressure on it. It has destroyed the ecological balance of the
environment creating an endless problem for life on earth. So man is the most dangerous animal in
the world.
7. What does the notice ‘The world’s most dangerous animal’ at a cage in the zoo at Lusaka,
Zambia, signify? (2017)
Ans: See Qno. 3 (Understanding the text)
8. "The earth's vital signs reveal a patient in declining health." Elucidate. (2017)
Ans: It is true that the earth looks like a patient in declining health. It is we human beings who, for
our comforts, modern lifestyle, and technological advancements have greatly destroyed the natural
resources of our planet. Forests, fisheries, cultivated lands, air, croplands - everything has
been polluted and diluted by our population explosion and modern eating habits and lifestyle.
Forests are destroyed for firewood, furniture, and paper production, and fisheries are depleted as
we are a protein-hungry generation. Croplands are dying and losing fertility owing to excessive use
of fertilizers. Because of these factors, the earth is facing problems. There are abnormal climatic
changes and many diseases have come to us like respiratory problems, high blood pressure, cancer,
etc.
9. Discuss why it has been pertinently said that "forests precede mankind; deserts follow". (2019)
Ans: The chapter 'Ailing Planet: the Green Movement's Role' by Nani Palkhiwala is an enlightening
treatise on environmental degradation, the causes behind it, and the solutions needed to be
implemented to save our ailing planet. The line from the chapter 'Forests precedes mankind
deserts follow' has been written to bring people's attention to the fact of how crucial trees are for
mankind. This line means before God put man on earth, he put trees on it to create wholesome and
hospitable conditions for him and his posterities; however, a man in his recklessness destroys trees
and makes lands barren like deserts; in such conditions, mankind also disappears. To sum up, the
line means trees are indispensable for mankind to survive; in their absence, mankind will dwindle
away.
Extra Question Notes
1. Why is the earth called a patient?

Ans: The present condition of the planet is really miserable, the environment has been disturbed so
badly that the health of the earth is not at all satisfactory, it seems to be an ailing patient. So, the
author says so.
2. Which is the biological system that is destroyed most by human beings? How?
Ans: It is the forest that is destroyed most rapidly by human beings. We cut down trees to make
houses, furniture to be used as firewood, etc.
3. 'Laws are never respected nor enforced in India'. Discuss.

Ans: The author says that the Indian Constitution has a provision in Article 48A for the conservation
of forests and wildlife in the country. But these always remain in official documents never executed
in action. So many acres of forest lands are destroyed even officials help in this corruption. There is
no law to stop this cutting of trees so their protection of them is a far-off matter. So the author
remarks thus.
My Impression of Assam
Textual Question Answers
1. What does Verrier Elwin say about the tradition of courtesy and hospitality in the modern
world? What advice does he give to the people of Assam on this point?
Ans: Verrier Elwin, a person who traveled to many countries, is feeling sad because he believes that
in the modern world, people are focused on competing and being better than others. This attitude
has caused a decline in the tradition of being welcoming and kind to strangers. However, when he
visited Assam, a place in India, he was pleasantly surprised to find that ordinary people there were
still very polite and friendly. He advises the people of Assam to hold on to this valuable tradition and
not let it disappear. In simpler terms, Elwin is upset that people are no longer hospitable and friendly
due to the competitive nature of the modern world. However, he is happy to see that the people in
Assam still possess these qualities and encourages them to preserve their traditions of courtesy and
friendliness.
2. What difference does Verrier Elwin draw between the game sanctuaries of Kenya and
Kaziranga? (2015, 19, 22)
Ans: Elwin, an unconventional traveler, visited different countries and noticed a significant
difference between the Game Reserves of Kaziranga in Assam and Kenya. In Kenya, he couldn't spot
a single rhino, but within a couple of hours in Kaziranga, he saw a dozen rhinos. However, he wasn't
satisfied with the condition of the wild animals in Kaziranga because they were not safe there. The
animals didn't appear as readily, and the public visiting the reserve didn't cooperate in the same way
as in Kenya.
In Kenya, the public actively supports and contributes to the success of wildlife sanctuaries. They
invest a lot of money in protecting the animals, which has led to an increase in the number of
various wild animals there.
3. What appeal does the author make to the scholars of Assam concerning the songs and poems of
the state? Why does he make this appeal?
Ans: Verrier Elwin is very much pleased to listen to a fantastic and divine folk song in the distant
mountain village of Kabul. But at the same time, the fact that disturbed him so much is that he
knows that these beautiful folk songs and poems of the Assamese countryside are not yet preserved
or well collected in books. As these old songs are becoming extinct rapidly and today's boys only
prefer jazz music
from Hollywood, he wants to do something for them. So he appealed to the scholars of Assam to
show concern in this regard. They must take the necessary step to record this beautiful music so that
a vast treasure of fall-tale and myth of the hills of Assam can be found in written form and will be
lasted forever.
4. Why, according to Verrier Elwin, should wood carving be taught and encouraged in our
educational centers?
Ans: Elwin, who is an anthropologist, visited the villages in Assam and studied the art of the local
people there. He was very impressed by the wood carving skills of the various tribes in the northeast
region of India. The tribes had beautifully decorated their houses, village gates, images, pipes,
drinking mugs, and toys with intricate carvings that were both vibrant and stunning.
Elwin was concerned about the future of these unique and precious art forms. He strongly believed
that they should not be lost over time. To ensure their preservation, he suggested that the art of
wood carving should be taught in educational centers. This way, the knowledge and techniques of
wood carving could be passed on to future generations. Elwin also emphasized the importance of
conducting proper research on this topic, so that other people interested in learning about tribal art
forms could have the opportunity to do so.
5. "You have a great treasure there'- What treasure is Verrier Elwin referring to and what is his
suggestion about the treasure? (2019)
Ans: when Verrier Elwin says "You have a great treasure here," he means that the cultural heritage
of Assam is incredibly valuable and unique. He is amazed by the simplicity and natural beauty of the
countryside in Assam. He is also delighted to see how the people of Assam have a great sense of
taste, color, art, rhythm, and music. These qualities are very interesting and special because they are
not created artificially but come naturally from the ancient traditions of the region. Verrier Elwin
wants to emphasize the importance of preserving and valuing this cultural heritage because once it
is lost, it may be impossible to recover it in the future.
Previous year's paper solutions
1. What does Verrier Elwin have to say to the hill people of Assam? (2015, 17)
Ans: Verrier Elwin says that the hill people of Assam are very warm and friendly. They are cultivated
with rich values of life. They have less of complicacies and artificialities. Elwin says that he saw such
hospitality in very few places or people in the world.
2. What did Elwin notice about, our attitude towards wild animals? (2016)
Ans: Elwin noticed that our attitude to wild animals is not upto the mark. We claim to be a peaceful
group with values of kindness towards animals ingrained in our culture but in reality, animals are
ingrained in our culture and animals are more unsafe than anywhere else. As the public is not so
cooperative.
3. Why did the author Verrier Elwin say that he was an unconventional visitor? (2017, 18)
Ans: The author Verrier Elwin says that he was an unconventional visitor of Assam because he found
the tribal and hilly people of Assam very friendly and warm. They have rich and colourful to which
Elwin was attracted greatly.
4. What is the difference between the game sanctuaries of Africa and India? (2019)
Ans: See Above Qno. 2 (Textual Question Answers)
5. "You have a great treasure there'- What treasure is Verrier Elwin referring to and what is his
suggestion about the treasure? (2019)
6. What are the things that Verrier Elwin loves about Assam? (2020)
Ans: The things that Verrier Elwin loves about Assam are the rich cultural heritage of Assam,
courtesy and friendliness in ordinary people of Assam, simplicity, and the natural beauty of the
countryside of Assam. He is also delighted to see how the people of Assam have a great sense of
taste, color, art, rhythm, and music.
7. What does Verrier Elwin like about the people of Kenya and Tanganyika? (2021)
Ans:
8. What does Verrier Elwin say about the art of decoration of the personal people of Assam? (2021)
Ans:
9. What differences does Verrier Elwin draw between the Game Sanctuaries of Kenya and
Kaziranga? (2022)
10. what is the Sola topi? (2022)

Ans: A sola topi, traditionally worn in India, is a sun hat made from the stem pith of sola plants.
A Photograph
Think it out
1. What does the word ‘cardboard’ denote in the poem? Why has this
word been used?

Ans: In the poem, the word 'cardboard' has been used to refer to the photograph of the poet's
mother with two of her cousins. The word has been used so because she is dead and hence her
photograph remains mere cardboard.
2. What has the camera captured? (2012)
Ans: The camera took pictures of three girls. One of them is the poet's mother of about twelve
years. She is accompanied by two cousins, each of whom is holding the hand of the poet's mother.
They are standing on the beach and their feet are being washed with water. His smile is visible even
in the midst of his flying hair.
3. What has not changed over the years? Does this suggest something
to you?
Ans: It is the sea that has not changed over the years. Whereas there has been a big change for the
little girls who once enjoyed that beach. This suggests that human life and the human body are
physically destructible but nature and its components are eternal and never change.
4. The poet’s mother laughed at the snapshot. What did this laugh
indicate? (2014, 15, 17)
Ans: This laugh indicates her remembering her past. She looked back to her childhood with nostalgia
and remembered the innocent joys of her childhood days. She was recalling the memory of the sea
trip and laughing about the way everyone was dressed. She was apparently recalling all that
happened back in those days of the trip and reliving the memories so as to make herself feel happy
at present too.
5. What is the meaning of the line “Both wry with the laboured ease of
loss.” (2012)
Ans: Ans: The line expresses the similarity between the facial expressions of her mother and herself.
Both faces had turned very owing to the terrible feeling of loss in their respective lives. The mother
was sad about the absence of a happy and cheerful childhood. The poet had turned sad at the loss of
her mother's laughter as the latter was dead.
6. What does “this circumstance” refer to?
Ans: The poet talks about her mental condition at present. The situation is very lonely and she feels
unbearably sad without her mother's presence.
7. The three stanzas depict three different phases. What are they? (2018)
Ans: The first stanza describes the stage when the poet's mother was a little child of twelve years.
The second phase portrays the happiest moments when the poet and her mother were together and
the mother was in her thirties or forties. The third and last part of the poem refers to the poet's
dejection of the present situation. She is terribly lonely and sad without her mother who has been
dead for more than a decade.
Previous Years Notes
1. What has the camera captured? (2012)

Ans: See Question No. 2 (Think it out)
2. What is the meaning of the line “Both wry with the laboured ease of
loss.” (2012)
3. The poet’s mother laughed at the snapshot. What did this laugh
indicate? (2014, 15, 17)
4. Why would the poet's mother laugh at the snapshot? (2016)

Ans: The poet's mother would laugh at the snapshot because it reminded her of her happy
childhood full of carefree enjoyment. The felt amused and nostalgic to look at her past days. She
recalls those memories back.
5. The three stanzas depict three different phases. What are they? (2018)
6. Briefly evaluate the poet's attitude towards life as seen in the last stanza of the poem, 'A
Photograph'. (2019)
Ans: The period of nearly twelve years since the poetess's mother passed away, has been painful for
the poet. She can not hear her laughter anymore. There is only silence now. The period after the
death of the poet's mother, the life of the poet has been dull and eventless. The void created by her
death is slowly becoming less painful. The time that passes silently but steadily weakens old
memories of loss and grief.
7. The cardboard shows me how it was

When the two girl cousins went paddling,
Each one holding one of my mother’s hands,
And she the big girl — some twelve years or so.
All three stood still to smile through their hair
At the uncle with the camera. (2019)
(i) What does the cardboard show the poet?

Ans: The cardboard showed the poet the scene on the sea beach with three girls.
(ii) Who was 'the big girl'?

Ans: 'The big girl' was the poet's mother.
(iii) How old was the poet's mother when the photograph was clicked?
Ans: The poet's mother was twelve years old when the photograph was clicked.
(iv) Who clicked the photograph?

Ans: The uncle clicked the photograph.
(v) Write briefly what the girls did on the sea beach.
Ans: The poet's mother is on the beach with two of her girl cousins. Each of the cousins is holding
one of the hands of the poet's mother who is older than them. the cousins are younger than her.
The wind was blowing on the beach, the hair was flying on the girls' faces and they were very happy.
Their smiles could be seen even through their hair. They were smiling at the person who was taking
that snap at that time. It was their uncle who was capturing the three girls on his camera. While the
young girls stood in the sea the water washed their mortal feet.
The Voice of the Rain

Textual Question Answer
Think it out
1. There are two voices in the poem. Who do they belong to? Which lines indicate this?
Ans: One voice is of the poet himself. The other voice is of the rain. This is indicated by the following
lines:
" And who art thou? said I to the soft-falling shower,
Which, strange to tell, gave me an answer, as here translated:
I am the Poem of Earth, said the voice of the rain"
2. What does the phrase “strange to tell” mean? (2020)

Ans: There was a soft shower of rain falling and the poet asked it who he was. This question was
more instinctive and he perhaps never expected a reply. But when the rain answered him back he
was surprised and said that it was "strange to tell".
3. There is a parallel drawn between rain and music. Which words indicate this? Explain the
similarity between the two. (2012, 14)
Ans: The parallel drawn between rain and music is indicated by the last two lines of the poem which
are within a bracket. Here the poet compares rain with music. According to the poet, the song or the
music is born in a poet's mind, the heart, to put it so. Once he has sung his song, i.e. expressed his
feelings he feels happy and his soul remains pure by his own soul. Likewise, rain is born from the
earth (evaporation) and returns to the earth after many activities above the sky. Back in its original
place, it purifies its dirt and makes it beautiful.
4. How is the cyclic movement of rain brought out in the poem? Compare it with what you have
learned in science. (2015, 17, 18)
Ans: If we analyze from the scientific point of view, the description given by the poet is appropriate.
The rain emerges from the land, it is raised from the earth and the unseen bottom of the seas. It
goes up to the highest point of the sky through the process known as evaporation and takes an
inexplicable shape in the form of clouds. It again turns to rain and is showered on the earth full of
dirt, impurity, and ugliness, making it clean and attractive. It is again turned to vapours and raised
upwards. In this way, the cycle keeps continuing.
5. Why are the last two lines put within brackets?
Ans: The most important theme of the poem is the voice of the rain which the poet translates in his
own way. The whole poem is about the rain's answer to the poet's question. But the last two lines
are the poet's own thoughts - his comparison between rain and music. So, he keeps his own views
separate from the rain's voice and keeps them within a bracket.
6. List the pairs of opposites found in the poem.

Ans: The pairs of opposites found in the poem are:
Land - sea
Changed - same
Day - night
Reck'd - unreck'd
In - out
With - without
Previous Years Notes
1. What does the rain do to the drought, atomizes, and dust of the globe? (2014)
Ans: After becoming vapors the rain goes up to the sky and turns to clouds. From there it comes
down back to the earth and satisfies the dry and thirsty lands. It wets every particle and cleans up all
the dirt and pollution of this world. It purifies and beautifies the earth in this manner.
2. How is the cyclic movement of rain brought out in the poem 'The Voice of The Rain'? (2015, 17,
18)
Ans: See Qn. 4 (Textual Question Answer)
3. "And who art thou ?" Said I to the soft-falling shower.

Which, strange to tell, gave me the answer, as here translated:
"I am the Poem of Earth, said the voice of the rain,
Eternal I rise impalpable out of the land and the bottomless sea". (2016)
(i) Where do these lines occur?

Ans: These lines occur in the poem "The Voice of the Rain" by Walt Whitman.
(ii) How does the shower fall?

Ans: The shower falls softly, as described by the phrase "soft-falling shower." It implies a gentle and
delicate descent of the raindrops.
(iii) Where does the rain rise from?

Ans: The rain rises from the land and the bottomless sea, as mentioned in the line, "Eternal I rise
impalpable out of the land and the bottomless sea." It suggests that the rain's origin is both
terrestrial and aquatic.
(iv) Find a word in the passage that refers to "something that cannot be touched".
Ans: The word that refers to "something that cannot be touched" is "impalpable." It is used to
describe the rain's rising nature, indicating that it cannot be physically grasped or felt.
(v) Why does the rain describe itself as the Pem of Earth?
Ans: The rain calls itself the "Poem of Earth" because it believes it is an important and beautiful part
of how the Earth works. Just like a poem expresses emotions and ideas, the rain expresses the
Earth's natural processes. It helps plants and animals by giving them water, which is necessary for
life. The rain's presence and actions are like a poem, showing how everything in nature is connected
and how it brings new life and beauty. It is a creative and life-giving part of nature, just like a poem
brings meaning, freshness, and harmony.
4. "And who art thou ?" Said I to the soft-falling shower.

Which, strange to tell, gave me ^ answer, as here translated:
"I am the Poem of Earth, said the voice of the rain,
Eternal I rise impalpable out of the land and the bottomless sea". (2018)
(i) What does the poet ask for rain?

Ans: The poet asks the rain, "And who art thou?" This question seeks to understand the identity and
nature of the rain.
(ii) What idea do you form about the relationship between the rain and the earth from your
reading of the quoted lines?
Ans: The rain, personified as the voice of the rain, describes itself as the "Poem of Earth." This
implies a deep and interconnected relationship between the rain and the earth. The rain is eternal
and originates from within the earth, rising from the land and the bottomless sea. It nourishes and
revives the earth, bringing life and vitality to dormant elements. The rain's role is to purify and
beautify the earth, acting as a poetic force that sustains and renews the natural world.
5. EternalI rise impalpable out of the land and the bottomless sea,
Upward to heaven, whence, vaguely formd, altogether changed,
and yet the same,
I descend to leave the droughts, atomies, dust layers of the globe, (2020)
(i) Who is the speaker here?

Ans: Rain is the speaker here.
(ii) From where does the speaker rise?

Ans: The speaker rises from the land and bottomless sea.
(iii) What is meant by altogether changed, and yet the same?

Ans: "Altogether changed, and yet the same" means that although the rain undergoes
transformation and takes on a different form as it rises to the sky, it still retains its fundamental
essence or identity.
(iv) What are 'atomies'?

Ans: "Atomies" refers to tiny particles or atoms. In this context, it represents the minuscule
components that make up the droughts, dust layers, and other dry elements on the Earth.
(v) How does the speaker go up and come down again on droughts, atomies, and dust layers?
Ans: The speaker goes up to the sky and comes down again as rain, falls upon the droughts, atomies,
and dust layers. This process is part of the natural cycle of rain, where it evaporates from the Earth's
surface, condenses in the atmosphere, and then falls back down as precipitation, moisturizing and
rejuvenating the dry elements it encounters.
6. What does the phrase "strange to tell" mean in the poem The Voice of the Rain'? (2020, 21)
Ans: See Above Qno. 2(Textual Question Answer)
7. And who art thou? Said I to the soft-falling shower,

Which, strange to tell, gave me an answer, as here translated :
I am the Poem of Earth, said the voice of the rain,
Eternal I rise impalpable out of the land and the bottomless sea,
Upward to heaven, whence, vaguely form'd, altogether
changed, and yet the same, (2021)
(i) To whom the question is asked?

Ans: The question is asked from the rain.
(ii) Who is the Poem of Earth?

Ans: The Poem of Earth refers to the rain itself.
(iii) Who rises eternally?

Ans: The rain, described as the voice of the rain, rises eternally.
(iv) To where does it rise?

Ans: It keeps rising up from the land and bottomless sea.
(v) Write a brief summary of the above stanza.

Ans: In this stanza, the speaker poses a question about the soft-falling shower, personifying the rain.
Surprisingly, the rain responds, identifying itself as the Poem of Earth. It keeps rising up from the
land and sea, even though we can't touch or hold it. It goes up to the sky, where it changes a little
but still stays the same. This stanza shows how the rain is connected to the Earth, and how it keeps
going through a cycle of renewal and change.
7. What does rain do to the earth, as has been said by the voice of the rain? (2021)
Ans: The voice of the rain in the poem describes what it does to the Earth. It rises from the land and
sea, transforms as it reaches the sky, and then descends back to Earth. When it falls, it nourishes and
replenishes the dryness, tiny particles, and layers of dust on the Earth. Without the rain, these things
would remain lifeless and unproductive. The rain brings life, purifies, and beautifies the Earth,
providing essential sustenance for plants, animals, and all living things. Its continuous cycle ensures
that it gives back to its place of origin and fulfills its purpose with love and care.
8. What will happen if it does not rain? (2022)

Ans: If it does not rain, the Earth will become dry and parched. Plants will wither and die without
water, leading to a decline in vegetation and food sources for animals. Rivers, lakes, and other
bodies of water will dry up, causing a scarcity of drinking water for both humans and animals. The
soil will become cracked and infertile, making it difficult to grow crops. This can result in droughts,
famine, and a negative impact on the overall ecosystem.
9. Write in your own words what the rain speaks about itself? (2022, 19)
Ans: In its own words, the rain describes itself as the Poem of Earth. It sees itself as an eternal force
that rises from the land and the bottomless sea, transforming as it reaches the heavens. The rain
emphasizes its role in bringing life to the Earth, making it pure and beautiful. When it comes back
down, it helps make things alive again, cleaning and making them beautiful. The rain is like a song
that makes everything fresh and new.
10. "And forever, by day and night, I give back life to my own origin,
And make pure and beautify it:
(For the song, issuing from its birthplace, after
fulfillment, wandering Reck'd or unreck'd, duly with love returns.) (2022)
(i) What does the rain give to her own origin?

Ans: The rain gives back life to its own origin. This means that the rain nourishes and sustains the
Earth, replenishing the sources from which it originates.
(ii) What are the two things that the rain does to the place of her own origin?
Ans: The rain makes its own origin pure and beautifies it. This means that the rain cleanses the
Earth, washing away impurities and making it more beautiful.
(iii) Where does the song issue from?

Ans: The song issues from its birthplace. In the context of the poem, the rain is compared to a song,
and the birthplace refers to the origin or source of the rain, which is the land and the bottomless
sea.
(iv) Describe the never-ending cycle of rain.

Ans: The rain has a never-ending cycle. It starts by rising up from the land and the sea. As it reaches
the sky, it changes its form. Then, it comes back down to Earth to bring life to dry and sleeping
things. This cycle happens all the time, during the day and at night. The rain keeps nourishing its own
source, making it alive and beautiful. It's like a song that starts, finishes, and then freely moves
around before coming back with love. This cycle of rain is always happening, and it's a beautiful and
eternal process.
Childhood
Think it out
1. Identify the stanza that talks of each of the following.

Individuality Rationalism Hypocrisy
Ans: Individuality: Stanza 3 talks of individuality "Was it when I found my mind was really mine."
Rationalism: Stanza 1 talks of rationalism "Was it the time I realised that Hell and Heaven, Could not
be found in Geography,"
Hypocrisy: Stanza 2 talks of hypocrisy "Was it the time I realised that adults were not all they
seemed to be,...."
2. What according to the poem is involved in the process of growing up? (2017)
Ans: According to the poem, the process of growing up involves:
 Realizing that certain things we believed in as children, like Heaven and Hell, cannot be
found in specific places.
 Understanding that adults may not always act in the loving way they talk about.
 Discovering our own individuality and the power to think independently.
 Reflecting on the loss of childhood innocence and the longing for those carefree days.
3. What is the poet’s feeling towards childhood? (2018)

Ans: The poet feels that childhood is a very happy period of everyone's life. Childhood is true, pure,
and innocent - free from all the complexities and evils of this material world. A child believes in God,
heaven, love, etc., and feels that whatever is spoken is true. He is not aware of the hypocrisy and
evils of the world of adults who speak sweetly about love but act in a completely opposite way in
actual life. A child is unable to think of his presence as different from others, he is never selfish and
hostile to anyone. In other words, childhood is a time full of positive sides - true, innocent, and pure.
4. Which do you think are the most poetic lines? Why?

Ans: The most poetic lines in the poem are subjective and may vary depending on interpretation.
However, a possible choice for poetic lines could be:
"Where did my childhood go?
It went to some forgotten place,
That’s hidden in an infant’s face,
That’s all I know"
These lines evoke a sense of wistfulness and capture the essence of the poem's theme. The imagery
of childhood being stored away in a forgotten place, hidden in an infant's face, carries a certain
beauty and melancholy, making them stand out poetically.
Previous years Notes
1. When did my childhood go?

Was it the day I ceased to be eleven.
Was it the time 1 realised that Hell and Heaven,
Could not be found in Geography,
And therefore could not be,
Was that the day! (2015)
(i) What is the poet asking for?

Ans: The poet is asking for the time when his childhood has gone as he is unable to trace his
childhood.
(ii) What does 'Hell and Heaven' stand for?
Ans: 'Hell and Heaven' symbolize spiritual or moral concepts rather than physical places. The speaker
realizes that these concepts cannot be located on a map, suggesting they may not be as
straightforward as initially believed.
(iii) What phase of life does the stanza reveal?

Ans: In this stanza, the speaker is talking about a time in their life when they begin to question and
understand things differently. They are no longer as innocent and naive as they were in their
childhood. They start to realize that some things they believed in, like Heaven and Hell, are not
physical places that can be found on a map.
(iv) How does the poet describe the process of being grown up?
Ans: The poet describes the process of growing up as a series of realizations and shifts in
understanding. It involves recognizing that adults may not always live up to the ideals they promote,
and the realization that one's thoughts and opinions are unique and independent. It is a time of
personal growth and individuality.
2. In the poem 'Childhood', the poet asks two questions — one is about the time and the other
about the place. Why does he ask these questions? (2015)
Ans: The poet asks these two questions about time and place in order to reflect on the passing of
childhood and the process of growing up. By questioning when childhood ended and where it went,
the poet explores the moments and realizations that mark the transition from innocence to
maturity. These questions prompt the poet and the readers to ponder the changes and experiences
that shape our understanding of the world as we grow older.
3. What, according to the poem, Childhood, is involved in the process of growing up? (2017)
Ans: See Above Qno. 2(Textual Question Answers)
4. What is the poet's feeling towards childhood in the poem "Childhood"? (2018)
Ans: See Above Qno. 3(Textual Question Answers)
5. What does the speaker of the poem Childhood' speak about adults? (2020 22)
Ans: The speaker of the poem reflects on their realization about adults. They talk about how adults
often talk about love and preach about it, but they don't always behave lovingly. The speaker
suggests that adults may not always live up to the ideals they promote. It implies that the speaker
has observed inconsistencies between the words and actions of adults, leading to a deeper
understanding that adults are not always as they initially seemed to be.
6. When did my childhood go?

Was it the time I realized that adults were not
All they seemed to be, They talked of love and preached of love,
But did not act so lovingly, Was that the day! (2021)

Ans: These lines occur in the poem "Childhood."
(ii) When does the poet think that he lost his childhood?
Ans: The poet thinks they lost their childhood at the time when they realized that adults were not as
they seemed to be, specifically when they noticed a disconnect between the adults' words and their
actions.
(iii) What do the adults talk of?

Ans: The adults talk about love and preach about it.
(iv) Do the adults act lovingly?

Ans: No, the adults do not act lovingly despite talking and preaching about love.
(v) What does the speaker think about the adults?
Ans: The speaker expresses a sense of disappointment with the adults They had hoped that the
adults would show the love they talked about and preached, but their actions didn't reflect their
words. This made the speaker realize that the adults weren't as sincere or caring as they had
believed or hoped them to be. It's a realization that the adults didn't live up to the expectations of
being genuinely loving and kind.
7. Why does the poet say that his childhood "went to some forgotten place"? (2021, 22)
Ans: The poet says that their childhood "went to some forgotten place" because they feel that the
innocence and joy of their childhood have vanished and become lost over time. It signifies that the
experiences and emotions of childhood are no longer accessible or easily remembered. The poet
uses this metaphorical language to express a sense of nostalgia and longing for the carefree and
innocent moments of their past, which now seem distant and inaccessible.
Father to Son
Think it out
1. Does the poem talk of an exclusively personal experience or is it fairly universal? (2018)
Ans: The poem is a description of a father's sadness over the emotional separation from his son.
When the son was a little child the father spent all his love, care, and energy on the son and wished
that he would grow up into a man and understand his father. But after growing up the son turned
into a person totally different from his father with differences in opinions, ideas, and choices of love.
Both of them became almost strangers to each other and this hurts the father. The poem describes
the personal experience of a father, but this pain is fairly universal to all parents as we see many
children who hardly care for the feelings, emotions and loneliness of their parents in the old age
2. How is the father’s helplessness brought out in the poem? (2013, 17)
Ans: The father's helplessness is brought out through the expression of his inability to understand
his child despite living together for years. He tries really hard to connect with his son and build a
relationship, but they don't seem to talk much and there is a big gap between them. They don't
share many common interests, and this makes it difficult for the father to relate to his child. The
father wishes that his son would come back to their old home, where things were familiar and
comfortable for both of them. He really wants to forgive his son and make things right between
them, but he feels helpless because he doesn't know how to bridge the gap that has grown between
them.
3. Identify the phrases and lines that indicate the distance between father and son.
Ans: The following phrases and lines indicate the distance between the father and son in the poem:
 "I know Nothing of him"
 "We speak like strangers"
 "There's no sign Of understanding in the air"
 "This child is built to my design Yet what he loves I cannot share"
 "Silence surrounds us"
 "I cannot understand Myself, why anger grows from grief"
 "We each put out an empty hand, Longing for something to forgive"
These lines highlight the lack of knowledge, communication, understanding, and shared interests
between the father and son, emphasizing the emotional distance that exists between them.
4. Does the poem have a consistent rhyme scheme?

Ans: The poem does not have a consistent rhyme scheme. It follows a free verse form, meaning it
does not follow a specific pattern of rhyming. The focus is more on the expression of emotions and
the exploration of the father-son relationship rather than strict adherence to a structured rhyme
scheme.
Previous Years Paper Solution
1. What is the father's greatest wish for his son? (2015)

Ans: The father's greatest wish for his son is for him to return to his father's house, the home he
knew, rather than forging his own path and creating his own world. The father also expresses a
desire to forgive his son and shape a new love out of sorrow.
2. Silence surrounds us. I would have

Him prodigal, returning to
His father’s house, the home he knew,
Rather than see him make and move
His world. I would forgive him too,
Shaping from sorrow a new love. (2016)
(i) Why does the father say that silence surrounds them?
Ans: The father says that silence surrounds them to convey the lack of communication and
understanding between him and his son.
(ii) Does the speaker want his son to belong to a different world?
Ans: No the speaker does not want his son to belong to a different world
(iii) What can be shaped out of sorrow?
Ans: The speaker implies that something meaningful can be shaped out of sorrow, possibly referring
to a new understanding or connection between father and son.
(iv) Find a word in the passage that means "Extravagant".

Ans: The word "prodigal" means extravagant in this context.
(v) What idea do you form about the relationship between the father and son from the quoted
lines?
Ans: The quoted lines suggest a strained and distant relationship between the father and son, with
the father longing for his son's return and the son seemingly detached and focused on creating his
own world.
3. I do not understand this child

Though we have lived together now
In the same house for years. I know
Nothing of him, so try to build
Up a relationship from how
He was when small. (2017)

Ans: These lines occur in the poem "Father to Son."
(ii) Why does the speaker say that he does not know this child'?
Ans: The speaker says he does not know this child because despite living together for years, he feels
a lack of understanding and connection with his son.
(iii) For how long have the father and son lived together?
Ans: For many years.
(iv) What does the speaker try to build?

Ans: The speaker tries to build a new relationship.
(v) What idea do you form about the relationship between the father and son from the quoted
lines?
Ans: The quoted lines suggest a strained and distant relationship between the father and his son.
They live together on the same land, but there is a lack of understanding and communication
between them. The father feels anger and the son expresses confusion about himself. Both of them
are reaching out with empty hands, desiring forgiveness and seeking something to reconcile. The
lines depict a sense of emotional disconnect and a shared longing for a deeper connection and
understanding.
4. How is the father's helplessness brought out in the poem, Father to Son? (2017)
5. Father and son, we both must live

On the same globe and on the same land,
He speaks: I cannot understand
Myself, why anger grows from grief.
We each put out an empty hand,
Longing for something to forgive. (2018)
(i) Where must father and son live together?

Ans: Father and son must live together on the same globe and in the same land.
(ii) What is the source of the father's anger?

Ans: Father's helplessness and loneliness are the sources of his anger.
(iii) What does the empty hand signify?

Ans: In the context of the poem, the empty hand symbolizes a desire for connection, understanding,
and forgiveness. Both the father and the son reach out with empty hands, hoping to find something
to forgive or be forgiven for. It represents their longing for reconciliation and a resolution to their
strained relationship. The empty hand signifies their vulnerability, openness, and willingness to
mend their bond.
(iv) What do they long for?

Ans: They long to forgive the son for all the unhappiness given to him and from the same sorrow he
wishes to build up a bond of life with his son.
(v) What idea do you form about the relationship between the father and his son from the quoted
lines?
Ans: The quoted lines suggest a strained and distant relationship between the father and his son.
They live together on the same land, but there is a lack of understanding and communication
between them. The father feels anger and the son expresses confusion about himself. Both of them
are reaching out with empty hands, desiring forgiveness and seeking something to reconcile. The
lines depict a sense of emotional disconnect and a shared longing for a deeper connection and
understanding.
6. Does the poem father to son talk of an exclusively personal experience or is it fairly universal?
Give a reasoned reply. (2018)
7. Silence surrounds us. I would have

Him prodigal, returning to
His father's house, the home he knew,
Rather than see him make and move
His world. I would forgive him too,
Shaping from sorrow a new love. (2020)
(i) Who are the 'us' here?

Ans: In this stanza, the "us" refers to the father and the son.
(ii) What surrounds them?

Ans: The silence mentioned in the stanza surrounds the father and the son. It symbolizes the lack of
communication and understanding between them, emphasizing their emotional distance.
(iii) What is the meaning of prodigal'?
Ans: The word "prodigal" here refers to the son's potential act of leaving his father's house,
exploring the world on his own, and perhaps making choices that may seem reckless or
unconventional to the father.
(iv) Who is supposed to return to his father's house, after being prodigal?
Ans: The speaker, the father, expresses his preference for his son to return to his father's house
after being prodigal. The father longs for his son to come back to the familiar and secure
environment of their home, where he can be close to him again.
(v) In what context, is the speaker talking about forgiveness and new love?
Ans: The speaker contemplates forgiveness and new love in the context of his relationship with his
son. Despite feeling a sense of loss and misunderstanding, the father expresses his willingness to
forgive his son for any perceived transgressions or differences. He desires to shape a new love
between them, one born out of their shared sorrow and the process of healing and reconciliation.
The father recognizes that forgiveness and the cultivation of a renewed bond are essential for their
relationship to grow and evolve.
8. Why is the father unhappy in the poem 'Father to Son'? (2020, 22)
Ans: The father in the poem "Father to Son" is unhappy because he feels a deep sense of disconnect
and lack of understanding with his son. Despite living together for years, the father admits that he
knows nothing about his child and struggles to build a meaningful relationship with him. This lack of
understanding and the distance between them makes the father unhappy, as he longs for a closer
bond and a shared connection with his son.
Albert einstein
Textual Questions Answers
1. What do you understand of Einstein’s nature from his conversations with his history teacher, his
mathematics teacher, and the head teacher? (2017, 2021)
Ans: Einstein is a student who is very respectful to his teachers, but he's much smarter than his
history and head teachers when it comes to intelligence and mental abilities. His history teacher
focuses on memorizing facts, but Einstein believes it's more important to understand the meaning
behind historical events, not just remember facts. So, Einstein is clearly more talented than his
history teacher in this regard.
However, he greatly respects his mathematics teacher, who acknowledges Einstein's intelligence and
doesn't have an ego problem. The math teacher recognizes that Einstein is exceptional in math.
Einstein dislikes his head teacher, who, along with the history teacher, represents the problems with
the education system for highly gifted students like him. In conversations with these teachers,
Einstein clearly shows that he is much more intellectually advanced than them.
2. The school system often curbs individual talents. Discuss. (2016, 2017, 2018, 2021)
Ans: The story about Albert Einstein's school experience shows that the school system often doesn't
recognize individual talents. Einstein had a history teacher who emphasized memorizing facts, which
wasn't suitable for gifted students like him. Einstein wanted to understand why things happened,
not just remember facts. So, this kind of education seemed silly for talented students.
Einstein found a way around this by getting a certificate from Dr. Weil, which allowed him to
continue his education without following the usual system. However, this traditional system caused
a lot of stress for students as intelligent as Einstein.
The head teacher, who represents this system, didn't understand the problem. Instead of trying to
figure out why students like Einstein were struggling, he simply wanted Einstein to leave the school
before expelling him for being disobedient. This system doesn't work well for students as smart as
Einstein; it holds back their abilities.
3. How do you distinguish between information gathering and insight formation? (2018, 2020,
2021)
Ans: The difference between gathering information and gaining insight becomes clear in the
conversation between the history teacher and Einstein. Simply knowing when events in history
happened is like collecting information. It's like memorizing facts and doesn't really help in
developing one's understanding or intelligence. But when you dig deeper and try to understand why
things happened, that's when you're forming insights.
Einstein wasn't interested in just knowing facts, which is basically gathering information. He was
more interested in the ideas and reasons behind the information, which is insight formation.
In a real education system, the goal shouldn't be just collecting information but developing insights.
Developing insight is what helps a person become a well-rounded human being. This should be the
true aim of school, college, or university education. It's about going beyond facts and understanding
the deeper meaning and significance of what we learn.
Previous Years Paper Solutions
1. Describe the circumstances leading to Albert getting a medical certificate issued declaring him
unfit to continue school. (2015)
Ans: Albert's journey to obtaining a medical certificate that declared him unfit to continue school
began with his general disinterest in traditional education, as seen in his history class when he
couldn't answer a question. This incident led to a speech by Albert in his class where he expressed
his beliefs about what education should focus on, which didn't align with the teacher's approach.
This disagreement resulted in Albert being punished by the teacher. Albert also disliked his
neighbourhood due to the violence there, which he discussed with his cousin Elsa, who suggested he
could pass if he made some effort. Frustrated with school, Albert and his friend Yuri devised a plan
involving a sympathetic doctor who could help him escape. During his meeting with the doctor, it
became clear that Yuri had already informed the doctor about their plan, and the doctor understood
the toll school was taking on Albert. Consequently, the doctor issued a medical certificate declaring
Albert unfit for school, allowing him to finally leave the educational system he found unsuitable for
his needs and interests.
2. What was the Mathematics teacher Koch's opinion about Albert's mathematical
knowledge? (2015, 2019, 2021, 2023)
Ans: Mr. Koch had a very positive opinion of Albert Einstein. He believed that Albert had already
learned everything he could teach him and that Albert might even become capable of teaching his
own teacher. Mr. Koch certified that Albert was ready to go to college or an institute to study
advanced mathematics right away. In other words, he believed that Albert was exceptionally
talented and ready for higher education in mathematics.
3. "The school system often curbs individual talent" — Discuss with reference to Einstein's
experience at school. (2016, 2017, 2018, 2021)
Ans: See Above Qno. 2 (textual question-answer)
4. What was Einstein's idea of education? (2016, 2018)

Ans: Albert believed that education should focus on ideas rather than just facts. He said that one
could get these facts from books. He was more interested in knowing why soldiers killed soldiers in
war and not in knowing how many were killed.
5. What do you make of Einstein's nature from his conversations with his history teacher, his
mathematics teacher, and the head teacher? (2017, 2021)
6. Why does Einstein think that learning facts is no education at all? (2017, 2021)
Ans: Einstein didn't care much about collecting facts, which are just pieces of information. He was
more interested in the big ideas behind that information. He believed that true education isn't just
about gathering facts; it's about gaining a deeper understanding and insight.
7. How do you distinguish between information gathering and insight formation? (2018, 2020,
2021)
8. " I think it's not facts that matter, but ideas". Evaluate briefly Albert Einstein's concept of real
education in light of this statement. (2019)
Ans: Albert Einstein's concept of real education, as highlighted by the statement, "I think it's not
facts that matter, but ideas," emphasizes the importance of understanding and insight over mere
memorization of facts. His perspective suggests that education should go beyond the accumulation
of information and focus on fostering critical thinking, creativity, and the ability to connect ideas.
Einstein believed that a true education should encourage students to question, explore, and develop
a deeper understanding of the concepts and principles underlying the facts. In this view, education is
not about rote learning but about cultivating the capacity to think critically, solve problems, and
contribute to society through innovative thinking and meaningful ideas.
9. What is highlighted as the basic difference between the idea of learning as advocated by Elsa
and Albert during their short conversation? (2019)
Ans: Elsa believed that learning meant memorizing information and reciting it during exams without
truly understanding it. She thought that students didn't need to grasp the concepts they were
taught.
On the contrary, Einstein valued ideas more than facts. He didn't see the point in memorizing the
dates of battles or details about victorious armies. Instead, he was curious about understanding why
conflicts happened and what drove people to fight each other.
10. Why did Mr. Braun scold young Einstein? (2020, 2021)
Ans: Mr. Braun scolded young Einstein because Einstein thought it was more important to
understand why wars happened, rather than just memorizing dates and facts about them. Einstein
believed in focusing on the reasons behind historical events, while Mr. Braun wanted him to simply
memorize information without questioning it.
11. Why did Albert see no point in learning dates and facts from History books? (2020)
Ans: Albert Einstein saw no point in learning dates and facts from history books because he believed
that the emphasis on rote memorization of historical facts and dates did not contribute significantly
to true education. He was more interested in understanding the underlying ideas and concepts
behind historical events, rather than simply accumulating factual information. Einstein valued critical
thinking and the ability to analyze and question the reasons why things happened in history, as
opposed to memorizing a list of dates and events. He believed that real education should focus on
developing a deeper understanding of the principles and ideas that shape the world, rather than just
memorizing isolated facts.
12. Who was Yuri? How did he help Albert? (2021)

Ans: Yuri was Albert's friend, and he was the only one who supported Albert when he was very
unhappy at school and where he lived. Yuri gave Albert helpful advice, and he also introduced him to
a doctor friend who was willing to give Albert a medical certificate. Yuri was there for Albert when
he needed help and guidance.
13. Were the teachers interested in understanding Albert Einstein and bringing out his
potential? (2022)
Ans: The teachers were not interested in understanding Albert and bringing out his potential. They
seemed to be more focused on traditional teaching methods and enforcing discipline. When Einstein
expressed his dissatisfaction with rote learning and his desire to focus on subjects that interested
him, such as science and mathematics, the teachers did not appear to accommodate his needs or
attempt to explore his potential further.
14. How did music help Albert? (2022)

Ans: Music made Albert feel better because it helped him forget about his boring daily life. Besides
reading science books, the only thing that brought him comfort was playing the violin. He used to
play it often, but he had to stop when his landlady told him to.
15. What kind of a student was Einstein? (2022)

Ans: Einstein was not a conventional or traditional student. He was known for his independent and
unconventional approach to education. He disliked memorizing facts and dates, which made him
appear disinterested and uncooperative in the classroom. He preferred to focus on subjects that
genuinely interested him, such as mathematics and science and was highly motivated to pursue his
own intellectual pursuits rather than conform to the standard educational system. This non-
conformist attitude led to conflicts with his teachers and ultimately his departure from formal
schooling.
16. Explain the cause of conflict between the history teacher and Albert? (2023)
Ans: The main cause of conflict between the history teacher and Albert Einstein was Einstein's
refusal to conform to traditional teaching methods and his scepticism about the value of memorizing
dates and historical facts. He believed that such rote learning was pointless, preferring to focus on
subjects that truly interested him, like science. This clashed with the history teacher's expectations
and led to their disagreement, eventually resulting in Einstein being asked to leave the classroom.
Ranga’s marriage
1. Comment on the influence of English — the language and the way of life — on Indian life as
reflected in the story. What is the narrator’s attitude to English? (2016, 2018, 2020)
Ans: In the story "Ranga's Marriage," the influence of English, both as a language and a way of life, is
evident in the changing dynamics of Indian society. When Ranga returns to his village after studying
in Bangalore, he encounters a shift in language use, with English words and phrases starting to make
their way into Kannada conversations. This reflects the increasing presence of the English language
in everyday life, particularly among those who have received education in English-speaking cities.
The narrator's attitude towards English appears to be one of curiosity and amusement rather than
criticism. The story portrays the use of English in a light-hearted manner, showing how it has
become a part of the evolving cultural landscape in India. The fact that Ranga returns from
Bangalore seemingly unchanged, with his "caste intact," suggests that English education has not
drastically altered his traditional values or cultural identity. The story highlights the coexistence of
traditional Indian culture with the influence of English and Westernization, reflecting the evolving
nature of Indian society.
2. Astrologers’ perceptions are based more on hearsay and conjecture than what they learn from
the study of the stars. Comment concerning the story.
Ans: In the story "Ranga's Marriage," the role of the astrologer, Shastri, highlights a common
perception that astrologers often rely on hearsay and conjecture rather than a scientific study of the
stars. Shastri pretends to read the stars to create a favorable outcome for Ranga's potential
marriage to Ratna, the talented girl. However, it is later revealed that Shastri's predictions were not
based on actual astrological knowledge but were part of a playful act orchestrated by the narrator.
This episode underscores the idea that some astrologers may make predictions based on tradition,
belief, or popular beliefs rather than rigorous astronomical or astrological study. While astrology has
its place in cultural and traditional contexts, it is important to recognize that it is often perceived as
more rooted in tradition and faith than in scientific evidence or empirical observation, as highlighted
in the story.
3. Indian society has moved a long way from the way the marriage is arranged in the story.
Discuss.
Ans: Indian society has evolved significantly from the way marriages were arranged as depicted in
the story "Ranga's Marriage." In the story, Ranga's marriage is primarily orchestrated by well-
meaning individuals, such as the narrator and an astrologer, without much say from Ranga himself.
However, in contemporary India, there has been a noticeable shift towards more autonomy and
choice in the matter of marriage. Today, young individuals often have the freedom to choose their
life partners based on their preferences, compatibility, and mutual understanding. Arranged
marriages are still prevalent in India, but they have transformed to become more like "arranged
introductions," where families play a role in introducing potential partners, but the final decision
rests with the individuals involved. This change reflects a broader trend of increased individual
agency and a move away from traditional, rigid matchmaking practices in Indian society.
4. What kind of a person do you think the narrator is?

Ans: The narrator in "Ranga's Marriage" comes across as a friendly and mischievous individual. They
appear to have good humor and a playful attitude towards life. The narrator seems genuinely
concerned about Ranga's well-being and takes it upon themselves to help him find a suitable bride.
They are resourceful and creative, as seen in their plan to introduce Ranga to Ratna, the talented
girl. The narrator's willingness to go along with the astrologer's act to bring happiness to Ranga
shows a kind-hearted and compassionate nature. Overall, the narrator is depicted as a likable and
jovial character who values the happiness of their friend Ranga and enjoys the lighter side of life in
their village.
Previous Years Paper Notes
1. 'English integrates India as a nation or it belittles the expressions of native speakers'. Elucidate
with examples from the lesson 'Ranga's Marriage.' (2015)
Ans: In the story "Ranga's Marriage," the use of English serves as an interesting theme that can be
seen in two different ways. On one hand, it can be seen as a force that helps integrate India as a
nation by connecting people who speak different native languages. For example, Ranga returns to
his village after studying where he likely picked up English. This enables him to communicate with
people who may not speak Kannada, his native language. It allows him to bridge the language gap
and connect with a wider range of people within his own country.
On the other hand, the story also highlights how the use of English can sometimes belittle the
expressions of native speakers. In the story, when Ranga returns to his village, people are surprised
that he still speaks Kannada fluently despite being exposed to English. This surprise suggests that
there might be an expectation that speaking English is somehow superior and that those who
continue to speak their native languages are seen as less modern or educated. This can be seen as a
form of belittling the richness and depth of native languages and cultures in India.
So, in "Ranga's Marriage," we see that English can both integrate India by facilitating communication
and belittle the expressions of native speakers by creating a hierarchy of languages based on
perceived prestige
2. Describe the quality of the mangoes of Hosahalli village. (2015, 2019)

Ans: In the story "Ranga's Marriage," the quality of the mangoes from Hosahalli village is depicted as
exceptional and highly prized. Hosahalli is known for its delicious mangoes, and they are considered
some of the best in the region. The mangoes are described as being sweet, juicy, and incredibly
flavorful. They are so renowned that people from surrounding areas eagerly look forward to the
mango season in Hosahalli.
3. Was Ratna a victim of the arranged marriage system? (2015)

Ans: Ratna is not portrayed as a victim of the arranged marriage system. In the story, there is no
indication that Ratna was forced into an arranged marriage against her will or without her consent.
Instead, Ratna is presented as a talented and attractive young woman who is sought after as a
potential bride.
4. Comment on the influence of English — the language and the way of life — on Indian society as
reflected in Lyengar's story ''Ranga's Marriage". (2016, 2018, 2020)
Ans: See above Qno. 1 ( Textual question answers)
5. What did Ranga think about marriage? (2016, 17)

Ans: Ranga, the central character in "Ranga's Marriage" had specific views on marriage. He desired
to find the right life partner, but his views on marriage were characterized by a sense of maturity
and consideration. He wasn't in a hurry to get married and was selective in his choice of a spouse.
Ranga was looking for a woman who was mature and considerate, suggesting that he wanted a
meaningful and compatible relationship rather than a hasty or traditional arrangement. His desire
for a thoughtful and mature partner reflects his cautious and thoughtful approach to marriage.
6. How did Ranga and Ratna react when they saw each other? (2016, 2018)
Ans: Ranga seemed captivated by Ratna's singing when he first saw her. He was clearly impressed by
her talent as she played the veena and the harmonium. However, his initial interest in her was
primarily due to her musical abilities.
As for Ratna, Seeing a stranger peeping Ratna stopped singing abruptly. Also, she ran inside as she
felt shy to meet strangers.
7. "English integrates India as a nation." Discuss with examples from the story, Ranga's
Marriage. (2017)
Ans: In the story "Ranga's Marriage", the use of the English language serves as a symbol of
modernity and integration in India. Ranga, the central character, had spent time in Bangalore, where
he was exposed to English education and culture. When he returned to his village, Hosahalli, he
brought back with him the English language and some modern ideas.
The use of English words in the story represents how English has become a unifying factor in India. It
allows people from different regions and languages to communicate and understand each other. For
instance, when Ranga returns to his village, the use of English words in Kannada conversations
surprises the villagers, showing how English has integrated into their daily lives.
Moreover, Ranga's desire to find a suitable bride with certain qualities, rather than conforming to
traditional norms, reflects a modern and individualistic approach to marriage. This showcases how
exposure to English education has influenced his thinking and attitudes, contributing to a broader
sense of national integration, where individuals are influenced by modern ideas and values
irrespective of their regional or cultural backgrounds.
In essence, the story illustrates how the English language and modern education have played a role
in integrating India as a nation by bridging cultural gaps and influencing people's perspectives, as
seen through Ranga's character and his views on marriage.
8. Narrate the events that lead to Ranga's Marriage? (2019)

Ans: Ranga, who had gone to Bangalore to pursue his education, returned to his village of Hosahalli
after ten years. His return was a significant event in the village because he had not changed much
during his time away, and he still held on to his traditional caste identity, which was surprising to the
villagers.
Ranga had specific views on marriage; he desired to find a mature and considerate life partner but
was in no hurry to get married. The narrator of the story, a friend of Ranga, took it upon himself to
arrange Ranga's marriage. He had heard of a suitable girl named Ratna, the niece of Rama Rao, who
was not only talented but could play musical instruments like the veena and the harmonium. The
narrator introduced Ranga to Ratna. Ranga was captivated by her singing. However, he was initially
told that she was already married.
Then, the narrator and an astrologer named Shastri pretended that there was a chance for Ranga to
marry Ratna, even though she was not actually married. This pretence was done to create a surprise
for Ranga and make him happy.
So, the key steps involved introducing Ranga to Ratna, pretending that Ranga could marry her, and
ultimately revealing the truth to bring joy to Ranga, who thought Ratna was already married. This
clever plan orchestrated by the narrator and Shastri led to Ranga's marriage with Ratna.
9. Write briefly about Gundabhatta, the doctor of Hosahalli village. (2020)
Ans: Dr. Gundabhatta was a special character in the story, and the author showed that he was a very
sincere and caring person. He helped sick people not only in his village but also in other places.
However, he had a special fondness for treating and assisting the people of Hosahalli village.
10. What steps did the narrator take to get Ranga married to Ratna? (2022)
Ans: To get Ranga married to Ratna, the narrator took several steps. First, the narrator introduced
Ranga to Ratna, who was a talented girl. Ranga was captivated by her singing. However, he was
initially told that she was already married.
Then, the narrator and an astrologer named Shastri pretended that there was a chance for Ranga to
marry Ratna, even though she was not actually married. This pretense was done to create a surprise
for Ranga and make him happy.
So, the key steps involved introducing Ranga to Ratna, pretending that Ranga could marry her, and
ultimately revealing the truth to bring joy to Ranga, who thought Ratna was already married. This
clever plan orchestrated by the narrator and Shastri led to Ranga's marriage with Ratna.
11. What does the narrator say about Hosahalli? (2022)

Ans: The narrator describes Hosahalli as a countryside village in the Kannada-speaking region of
Mysore state. The narrator portrays the village with a lighthearted attitude toward life, suggesting
that the humorous narration adds to the enjoyment of the story.
12. What happened when Ranga returned to his village from the city of Bangalore? (2022)
Ans: When Ranga returned to his village from the city of Bangalore, everyone in the village was
surprised to see that he had not changed much despite spending ten years in the city. His return was
significant because, during his absence, the village had not been exposed to the influence of English
and modern city life as much as Ranga had. So, his return to his traditional ways and unchanged
identity became a notable event in the village.
13. Give a brief account of Ranga's education, his views on marriage, and how he finally got
married. (2023)
Ans: Ranga went to Bangalore for his education, which took about ten years. During this time, he
was exposed to modern education and city life. When he returned to his village, everyone was
surprised to find that he had not changed much, and he still held on to his traditional caste identity.
Ranga had specific views on marriage. He expressed his desire to find the right girl for himself,
someone mature and considerate. However, he didn't rush into marriage and seemed to be selective
in his choice of a life partner.
The narrator of the story planned to arrange Ranga's marriage and introduced him to Ratna, who
was Rama Rao's niece. Ratna was a talented girl who could play the veena and the harmonium.
Ranga was captivated by her singing, but he was initially disappointed to learn that she was already
married.
To create a surprise for Ranga, the narrator and an astrologer named Shastri pretended that Ranga's
marriage with Ratna could be possible, even though she was not married. This brought joy and
happiness to Ranga, who had thought Ratna was already married. The narrator's plan, with the help
of Shastri's act, led to Ranga eventually getting married to Ratna.
14. Why was Ranga's homecoming a great event? (2023)

Ans: Ranga's homecoming was a great event because, when he went to Bangalore to study ten years
ago, he left his village, and things were different back then. At that time, English words were not
commonly used in Kannada conversations. So, when he returned, everyone was surprised to find
him unchanged, and his traditional caste identity was still intact. This made his return a significant
and noteworthy occasion in the village.
15. What is the name of Ranga's village and what does the narrator say about it? (2023)
Ans: Ranga's village is called Hosahalli, and the narrator describes it as a countryside village in the
Kannada-speaking region of Mysore state. The narrator portrays the village with a lighthearted
attitude toward life, indicating that the humorous narration adds to the enjoyment of the story.

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The Portrait of a lady

Textual Question Answer

Understanding the text

1. The three phases of the author’s relationship with his grandmother

before he left the country to study abroad.

2. Three reasons why the author’s grandmother was disturbed when

(iii) In the afternoon she fed the sparrows in the verandah.

Talking about the text

Previous Years Question Answers Notes

The landscape of the soul

Textual Question Answers AHSEC

2. Explain the concept of 'Shanshui'.(2012,13,14,15)

Previous Years Question Answers Notes

1..Explain the concept of 'Shanshui'.(2012,13,14,15)

4. What did Wu Daozi paint for the Emperor? (2016)

5. What are 'Yang' and 'Yin'? (2019)

Extra-Important Question Solutions

1. Who was Wu Daozi?

2. Who was Quintan?

3. What did Quinten do to achieve his love?

Understanding the text

3. How are the earth’s principal biological systems being depleted?

Previous Years Questions Notes

6. How is man the most dangerous animal in this world? (2016)

Extra Question Notes

1. Why is the earth called a patient?

3. 'Laws are never respected nor enforced in India'. Discuss.

Textual Question Answers

Previous year's paper solutions

10. what is the Sola topi? (2022)

word been used?

2. What has the camera captured? (2012)

indicate? (2014, 15, 17)

6. What does “this circumstance” refer to?

1. What has the camera captured? (2012)

4. Why would the poet's mother laugh at the snapshot? (2016)

7. The cardboard shows me how it was

(i) What does the cardboard show the poet?

(ii) Who was 'the big girl'?

(iv) Who clicked the photograph?

The Voice of the Rain

2. What does the phrase “strange to tell” mean? (2020)

6. List the pairs of opposites found in the poem.

Previous Years Notes

3. "And who art thou ?" Said I to the soft-falling shower.

(i) Where do these lines occur?

(ii) How does the shower fall?

(iii) Where does the rain rise from?

4. "And who art thou ?" Said I to the soft-falling shower.

(i) What does the poet ask for rain?

Upward to heaven, whence, vaguely formd, altogether changed,

and yet the same,

(i) Who is the speaker here?

(ii) From where does the speaker rise?

(iii) What is meant by altogether changed, and yet the same?

(iv) What are 'atomies'?

7. And who art thou? Said I to the soft-falling shower,

(i) To whom the question is asked?

(ii) Who is the Poem of Earth?

(iii) Who rises eternally?