Template

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La Consolacion College, Liloan, Cebu, Inc.
<<Course/Strand>>
Authors
<<Must be arranged in inverted pyramid>>
<<Research Title>>
Research Adviser:
<<Advisers’ Name>>
<<Course/Strand>>
Date of Submission: <<<Month, Date, Year>>>
Permission is given for the following people to have access to this thesis
Available to the general public Yes

Available only after consultation with author/research adviser Yes
Available only to those bound by confidentiality agreement Yes
Student’s Signature
Research Adviser’s Signature
LA CONSOLACION COLLEGE, LILOAN, CEBU, INC.
(Formerly Holy Child School)
Poblacion, Liloan, Cebu 6002 Philippines
<<<<COURSE/MAJOR/STRAND>>>>
Abstract
<<<<Instructions for Writing a One-Paragraph Abstract>>>>
1. <<<<Purpose. Start by clearly stating the purpose of your research. What problem or
question does your study address?>>>>
2. <<<<Methods: Briefly describe the methods or approach you used to conduct your
research. Mention any significant tools, techniques, or procedures.>>>>
3. <<<<Results: Summarize the main findings or results of your study. Highlight the most
important outcomes without going into too much detail.>>>>
4. <<<<Conclusions: Conclude with the implications of your findings. What do your results
mean for the field? How do they contribute to existing knowledge or practice?>>>>
<<<Example Abstract>>> <<<must be 150 to 250 words>>>>
The study aims to enhance research writing skills among students experiencing challenges
in producing research papers by implementing structured interventions. Utilizing a mixed-
methods approach, the study incorporates workshops, peer reviews, and personalized
feedback to support students throughout the research process. The findings indicate a
significant improvement in the quality of research papers, as evidenced by higher academic
performance and increased confidence among participants. These results suggest that
structured interventions are effective in overcoming common obstacles faced by students in
academic research writing."
Approval Sheet
This thesis entitled <Thesis Title> has been prepared and submitted by
<Authors> who are hereby recommended for approval and acceptance.
<Name of the Research Adviser>

Adviser
<Year>
Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of <Course> by the panel
of examiners.
<Chairmans’ Name>.
Chairman
<Panel Member Name>

Member
Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of <Course>
School President
ACNOWLEDGEMENT
Table Of Contents
Preliminaries
Title Page
Research Abstract
Approval Sheet
Acnoledgement
List of Figures
List of Tables
Chapter 1
The Problem and Its Background
Introduction
Review Of Related Literature
Significance Of The Study
Conceptual Framework
Statement Of The Problem
Hypothesis
Definition Of Terms
Scope and Delimitations of The Study

Chapter 2
Methodology Of The Study
Methods and Techniques Used
Respondents of The Study
Instrument f The Study
Data Gathering Procedure

Data Processing and Statiscal Treatment
Ethical Consideration
Privacy nd Confidentiality
Autonomy
Informed Consent
Chapter 3
Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation Of Data
Company Profile
Table 1.1 Profile Of The Respondents In Terms Of Type Of Enterprise
Table 1.2 Profile of The Respondents in Terms of Type Of Enterprise
Table 2.1 Level of Influencing Factors in Terms of Managerial Experience
Table 2.2 Level of Influencing Factors in Terms of Financial Literacy
Table 2.3 Level of Influencing Factors In Terms of Business Plan
Table 2.4 Level of influencing Factors In Terms of Managerial Experience
Table 3.1 Model Summary And Test of Overall Significance of The Model
Table 3.2 Test of Significance of Independent Variables

References:
Appendices
Curriculum Vitae
List of Tables
Table
1 Profile Of The Respondents In Terms Of Type Of Enterprise
1 Profile of The Respondents in Terms of Type Of Enterprise
2 Level of Influencing Factors in Terms of Managerial Experience
2 Level of Influencing Factors in Terms of Financial Literacy
2 Level of Influencing Factors In Terms of Business Plan

List of Figures
Figure
1 Profile Of The Respondents In Terms Of Type Of Enterprise
1 Profile of The Respondents in Terms of Type Of Enterprise
2 Level of Influencing Factors in Terms of Managerial Experience
2 Level of Influencing Factors in Terms of Financial Literacy
2 Level of Influencing Factors In Terms of Business Plan

Chapter 1
The Problem and Its Background
<<<Chapter 1 serves as the foundation for understanding the context, significance,
and objectives of the research study.>>> Please follow the format:
Introduction
In the introduction, the researcher sets the stage by providing an overview of the key
elements that will be addressed in the subsequent paragraphs.
1st Paragraph: <<<Trends>>>- This paragraph highlights the current trends related
to the research topic. It discusses the significant developments, shifts, or patterns in the field
that have emerged over time. These trends provide a broader context for understanding the
problem being addressed in the study.
2nd Paragraph: <<<Issues>>>-The second paragraph delves into the specific issues
or challenges within the chosen topic area(GLOBAL&LOCAL). It identifies the problems
or gaps in knowledge that the research seeks to address. This section helps to clarify why
the research is necessary and relevant by articulating the pressing concerns within the field.
3rd Paragraph: <<<Objectives>>>- Here, the researcher outlines the objectives or
goals of the study. These objectives serve as a roadmap for the research, guiding the
direction and scope of the investigation. They articulate what the researcher aims to achieve
or accomplish through the research process, providing clarity on the intended outcomes.
4th Paragraph: <<<Contribution>>> to the Body of Knowledge-The final

paragraph discusses the potential contribution of the research to the existing body of
knowledge. It highlights how the study seeks to advance understanding, fill gaps, or offer
new insights within the field. This section emphasizes the significance and value of the
research, both in terms of academic scholarship and practical implications.
Review of Related Literature and Studies
<<<<The section for Review of Related Literature is a crucial component of the
research study, as it provides a comprehensive overview of existing knowledge and studies
relevant to the topic at hand. <<In this example, the focus is on understanding the factors
affecting academic performance with four (4) variables namely, family support, learning
techniques, factors related to teachers and teaching and learning environment>>. Here's
how the discussion can be structured according to the specified variables:>>>>
Family Support
This section of the literature review explores studies and findings related to the
effect of family support on family support, focusing on literature published within the past
five years (from 2020 onwards).
Learning Techniques
Here, the review delves into recent literature examining how different learning
techniques or financial education programs impact individuals' ability to access financial
resources. It prioritizes studies published within the past five years (from 2020 onwards) to
ensure relevance and up-to-date understanding of the topic.
Teachers and Teaching

This section explores recent research on the role of educators and teaching methods
in promoting financial accessibility, focusing on literature published within the past five
years (from 2019 onwards).
Learning Environment
The literature review on the learning environment considers recent studies
(published from 2020 onwards) on how institutional factors, socio-economic conditions,
and broader environmental influences shape individuals' access to financial resources.
Academic Performance
This section examines recent literature (published from 2020 onwards) that
investigates the relationship between the mentioned variables and academic performance,
providing an up-to-date understanding of this intersection.

Significance of the Study
<<<<This section outlines the importance and relevance of the research findings to
various stakeholders. In this case, the study on the determinants of financial accessibility
and its impact on academic performance holds significance for the following:>>>>
Department of Education (DepEd). This study is significant to DepEd as it
provides insights into the factors affecting academic performance and how these factors
may impact their academic performance. The findings can inform DepEd's policies and
initiatives aimed at promoting better curriculum and ensuring equitable access to
educational opportunities for all students.
School Administrators. School administrators play crucial role in creating an
environment that supports students' academic success. The findings of this study can help
school administrators identify potential barriers to academic performance within their
institutions and develop targeted interventions to address these challenges. By
understanding the factors affecting academic performance, administrators can implement
strategies to support students in achieving their academic goals.
Future Researchers. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on
financial accessibility and its impact on academic performance, providing a foundation for
future research in this area. Future researchers can build upon the findings of this study to
explore additional factors or conduct more in-depth analyses to further understand the
factors affecting academic performance. By expanding the research base, future researchers
can continue to inform policy and practice aimed at enhancing educational equity and
promoting student success.
Theoretical Framework
In writing the TF the researchers are advised to follow the SEC approach. State the
Theory, Explain the Theory, and last, Contextualize the Theory. <<<Please be guided by
the example>>>
The conceptual framework guiding this study draws upon the Social Cognitive
Theory (Bandura, 1986), which theorize that individuals' behaviors, including academic
performance, are influenced by reciprocal interactions between personal factors,
environmental factors, and behavior itself. Academic performance is considered a result of
various factors, including familial support, effective learning techniques, the quality of
teaching, and the learning environment.
Social Cognitive Theory emphasizes the importance of observational learning,
where individuals acquire knowledge and skills by observing others' behaviors and the
outcomes of those behaviors. In the context of academic performance, students may observe
and emulate behaviors modeled by their families, teachers, and peers. For example, family
support can provide students with the resources, encouragement, and role modeling
necessary for academic success. Effective learning techniques, such as goal-setting and self-
regulation strategies, can also be learned through observation and practice.
The independent variables in this study—family support, learning techniques,
factors related to teachers and teaching, and the learning environment—are conceptualized
as influencing students' academic performance through the mechanisms described in Social
Cognitive Theory. Family support provides the foundation for students' academic success
by fostering a supportive and conducive home environment. Learning techniques, informed
by observations of successful academic behaviors, empower students to adopt effective
study habits and self-regulation strategies. Factors related to teachers and teaching, such as
instructional quality and teacher-student relationships, shape students' academic experiences
and outcomes. The learning environment, encompassing both school and community
factors, influences students' opportunities for learning and academic engagement. By
examining these variables within the framework of Social Cognitive Theory, this study
seeks to elucidate the interconnected pathways through which various factors influence
students' academic performance.
Family Support
Learning Techniques
Academic Performance
Figure 1. Conceptual Model

Or
Figure 1. Theoretical Framework
Family Support
Academic Performance Learning Techniques

Social Cognitive Theory
Bandura (1986)
Techniques
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine the factors affecting academic performance among
students.
Specifically, the study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of;
1.1 Family Support
1.2 Learning Techniques
1.3 Teachers and Teaching
1.4 Learning Environment

2. Does family support, learning techniques, teachers and teaching, learning environment
significantly affect academic performance of the respondents?
3. Which of the variables (family support, learning techniques, teachers and teaching, and
learning environment) have the most significant effect on the academic performance of
the students?
4. How do the identified factors (family support, learning techniques, teachers and
teaching, and learning environment) individually influence academic performance?
4.1 What specific aspects of family support (emotional, financial, educational) are
most strongly associated with academic success?
4.2 Which learning techniques are most effective in enhancing academic
performance?
4.3 How do different teaching methods and teacher-student interactions impact
academic outcomes?
5. What are the combined effects of family support, learning techniques, teachers and
teaching, and learning environment on academic performance?
5.1 How do these factors interact to influence students' academic outcomes?
5.2 Which combination of factors provides the strongest predictive value for academic
success?
Hypothesis
This study will be tested at a 0.05 level of significance.

H0 = Family support, learning techniques, teachers and teaching, learning
environment do not significantly affect academic performance as perceived by the
respondents
Definition of Terms
<<<In writing the definition of terms you are required to only include necessary
terms/variables being mentioned throughout the body of your study>>>
The following terms and definitions were define conceptually and operationally.
Family Support. Family support in this study refers to the various forms of
assistance and encouragement provided by family members that contribute to a student's
academic success, including emotional, financial, and educational support. Meanwhile,
Smith and Johnson (2020) define family support as the emotional backing, financial aid,
and educational assistance provided by family members to a student, which positively
influences the student's motivation and ability to perform academically.
Learning Techniques. Learning techniques in this study encompass the methods
and strategies employed by students to enhance their learning and academic performance,
such as time management, study skills, and the use of educational resources. According to
Brown and Lee (2019), learning techniques are the specific strategies and methods utilized
by students to facilitate learning and improve academic outcomes, including note-taking,
summarizing, and the use of mnemonic devices.
Teachers and Teaching. Teachers and teaching in this study refer to the
instructional methods, teacher-student interactions, and overall educational practices that
influence student learning and academic performance. Miller and Thompson (2021) define
teachers and teaching as the pedagogical approaches, quality of instruction, and the nature
of interactions between teachers and students that collectively impact students' educational
experiences and academic success.
Learning Environment. The learning environment in this study includes the
physical, social, and academic settings in which students learn, encompassing school
resources, classroom climate, and extracurricular opportunities. According to Davis and
Green (2022), the learning environment is the combination of physical facilities, social
dynamics, and academic resources available in an educational setting, which together create
conducive conditions for student learning and achievement.
Academic Performance. Academic performance in this study refers to the
measurable outcomes of students' educational activities, typically reflected in grades, test
scores, and overall academic achievement. Jones and Carter (2018) define academic
performance as the quantifiable results of a student's academic work, including grades,
standardized test scores, and other indicators of scholastic achievement, which serve as
benchmarks for evaluating educational success.
Scopes and Delimitation of the Study
When writing the scope of the study, begin by articulating the overarching objective
or focus of the research. Subsequently, enumerate the specific variables or factors that will
be examined, providing concise definitions or explanations for each to ensure clarity.
Additionally, delineate any particular population, setting, or timeframe that the study will
encompass, ensuring that the scope remains focused while capturing all relevant aspects of
the research topic without being overly broad.
In delineating the delimitations of the study, it is crucial to transparently

communicate any limitations or boundaries imposed by the researcher. Clearly specify any
constraints on the population, setting, or timeframe that may affect the generalizability of
the findings. Moreover, identify any specific variables or factors that will be excluded from
the study, and acknowledge any potential biases or limitations in the data collection
methods or sources. By providing a clear and comprehensive outline of the study's scope
and limitations, readers can better understand the context and boundaries of the research
endeavor.
<<<<Example>>>
Scope and Delimitations of the Study
This study aims to investigate the factors affecting academic performance among
students. The scope of the study includes an examination of family support, learning
techniques, teachers and teaching, and the learning environment. Family support refers to
the various forms of assistance and encouragement provided by family members, including
emotional, financial, and educational support. Learning techniques encompass the methods
and strategies used by students to enhance their learning and academic performance, such as
time management, study skills, and the use of educational resources. Teachers and teaching
cover the instructional methods, teacher-student interactions, and overall educational
practices that influence student learning. The learning environment includes the physical,
social, and academic settings in which students learn, such as school resources, classroom
climate, and extracurricular opportunities.
The delimitations of this study outline the boundaries set by the researcher to narrow
the focus. This study will be limited to students from a selected educational institution(s)
within a specific geographic region, thus findings may not be generalizable to all student
populations. The study will also be confined to the variables identified, excluding other
potential factors that could influence academic performance, such as individual student
characteristics (e.g., motivation, personality traits) and broader socio-economic factors not
directly related to the educational environment. Additionally, the study will rely on self-
reported data from students, which may be subject to biases such as social desirability or
recall bias. By clearly defining these scope and delimitations, the study aims to provide
focused and manageable research parameters that contribute to a deeper understanding of
the specific factors impacting academic performance within the selected context.
Ethical Consideration
1. Informed Consent
Ensure that all participants are fully informed about the purpose, procedures, risks,
and benefits of the study before they agree to participate. Provide clear and
understandable consent forms that outline their rights and the voluntary nature of their
participation.
2. Confidentiality and Anonymity
Safeguard the privacy of participants by protecting their identity and personal
information. Use anonymized data whenever possible, and ensure that confidentiality
measures are in place to prevent unauthorized access to participant data.
3. Voluntary Participation
Emphasize that participation in the study is voluntary and that participants have the
right to withdraw at any time without consequence. Avoid coercion or undue influence
in recruiting participants, and respect their autonomy to make informed decisions about
their involvement in the research.
4. Protection of Vulnerable Populations
Take special care to protect the rights and welfare of vulnerable populations, such as
minors, individuals with cognitive impairments, or those from marginalized or
disadvantaged backgrounds. Obtain additional consent from legal guardians or
caretakers when necessary, and provide additional support or accommodations as
needed to ensure their well-being.
5. Avoidance of Harm
Minimize the risk of harm to participants by carefully considering the potential
physical, psychological, social, or economic risks associated with the study. Take
proactive measures to mitigate any potential risks and be prepared to provide support or
referrals to participants who may experience distress as a result of their participation.
6. Conflict of Interest
Disclose any potential conflicts of interest that may arise from the research, such as
financial or professional relationships that could influence the study outcomes. Take
steps to ensure that the research is conducted impartially and ethically, prioritizing the
integrity and validity of the findings.
7. Data Management and Security
Implement secure data management practices to protect participant confidentiality
and prevent unauthorized access or disclosure of sensitive information. Store and
transmit data in compliance with relevant laws and regulations, and obtain necessary
approvals for data collection, storage, and sharing.
8. Ethics Review and Approval:

Seek ethics review and approval from institutional review boards (IRBs) or ethics
committees before commencing the research. Provide thorough documentation of the
study protocol, including informed consent procedures, data management plans, and
risk mitigation strategies, to ensure compliance with ethical standards and regulations.
Example:
Ethical Considerations
In adhering to the compliance of ethical considerations and data privacy act, the
researchers prioritize ethical considerations to uphold the rights and well-being of
participants. We ensure that all participants, including students and potentially their
guardians if minors are involved, provide informed consent. Consent forms clearly outline
the study's purpose, procedures, potential risks, and the voluntary nature of participation,
empowering participants to make informed decisions about their involvement.
Confidentiality measures are strictly adhered to, with all data collected anonymized and
access restricted to authorized personnel, thus safeguarding participants' identities and
personal information.
Special attention is given to vulnerable populations, such as students with learning
disabilities or those from disadvantaged backgrounds. The researchers implement additional
measures to ensure voluntary participation and protect participants' rights throughout the
study. We carefully consider and mitigate any potential risks of harm to participants,
ensuring that participants are informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time
without repercussion and provide support resources if needed.
To maintain research integrity, the researchers disclose any potential conflicts of
interest and take steps to ensure impartiality and objectivity in data collection and analysis.
The researchers adhere to strict data management practices, implementing security
protocols to prevent unauthorized access or disclosure of sensitive information. Finally, the
researchers seek ethics review and approval from relevant institutional review boards,
providing assurance that the study meets ethical standards and regulations. Through these
ethical considerations, the researchers aim to uphold the principles of integrity, respect, and
responsibility, fostering trust and credibility in the research process.

CHAPTER 2
Methodology of the Study
This chapter outlines the methodologies employed in the research, including details
on the participants, tools, data collection process, and statistical analysis methods used. The
chapter is divided into several sections: Methods and Techniques Used, Respondents of the
Study, Instrument of the Study, Data Gathering Procedure, and Data Processing and
Statistical Treatment.
Methods and Techniques Used
<<<<In this section, describe the specific methods and techniques employed in the
research. Explain the research design (e.g., qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods) and
justify why this design is suitable for the study. Provide a detailed explanation of how the
research was conducted, including the steps taken to ensure the accuracy and reliability of
the data collected.>>>>
Respondents of the Study
<<<<Describe the participants of the study, including how they were selected.
Mention that the study was conducted in a "Private Institution in [specific geographic
location]" to maintain confidentiality. Detail the demographic characteristics of the

respondents and the criteria used for their selection. Discuss the sampling method used
(e.g., random sampling, purposive sampling) and justify its appropriateness for the
study.>>>>
Instrument of the Study
<<<<In this section, describe the tools and instruments used for data collection. If a
standardized questionnaire was used, mention its reliability results, including the
Cronbach's alpha value. If the questionnaire was self-made, outline the procedure followed
to ensure its validity and reliability. This includes checking the questionnaire with the
research adviser, consulting a grammarian for language accuracy, and seeking feedback
from experts in the relevant field. Additionally, discuss the pilot testing conducted to assess
the reliability of the instrument and any modifications made based on the results.>>>>
Data Gathering Procedure
<<<<Explain the step-by-step process of data collection. Describe how participants
were approached and how informed consent was obtained. Detail the methods used to
administer the questionnaire or conduct interviews, ensuring that the process was
standardized to maintain consistency and accuracy. Mention any challenges encountered
during data collection and how they were addressed.>>>>
Data Processing and Statistical Treatment
<<<<<Outline the procedures used to process and analyze the collected data.
Describe the statistical methods employed to analyze the data, including any software used.
Explain how the data was cleaned and prepared for analysis, and discuss the specific
statistical tests conducted to answer the research questions. Justify the choice of statistical
methods and ensure they align with the research design and objectives.>>>>>
Chapter 3
Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data
<<<<In this chapter, the researcher presents, analyzes, and interprets the data
collected during the study. The data should be organized and displayed in a clear and
concise manner, adhering to APA formatting guidelines. Tables must be clear, devoid of
any shading, and should not be screenshots. The numbering of the tables should follow the
structure of the Statement of the Problem (SOP). For example, if the SOP includes
questions 1, 1.1, and 1.2, the tables should be numbered accordingly.>>>>
<<<When presenting the data, it is essential to provide detailed discussions and
interpretations. If the dataset is extensive, prioritize the interpretation of results by
discussing the findings from the highest to the least significant outcomes. Each
interpretation should be supported by the related literature review and aligned with the
chosen theoretical framework. This ensures that the analysis is grounded in existing
research and theoretical perspectives.>>>>
The chapter should be structured as follows:
1. Introduction
Begin with a brief introduction to the chapter, outlining what will be covered and how the
data will be presented and analyzed.
2. Presentation of Data
Present the data in a series of tables and figures. Each table should be clearly numbered
and titled, following the structure of the SOP. For example:
Table 1: Profile of Respondents in Terms of Family Support
Table 1.1: Profile of Respondents in Terms of Learning Techniques
Table 1.2: Profile of Respondents in Terms of Teachers and Teaching
Ensure that all tables adhere to APA formatting guidelines, are clear, and do not contain
any shading.
3. Analysis of Data:
Analyze the data presented in the tables. Discuss the results in detail, highlighting
significant findings. If the dataset is large, prioritize the interpretation by discussing the
most significant results first.
4. Interpretation of Data:
Provide a thorough interpretation of the findings. Connect the results to the literature
reviewed in Chapter 2 and the theoretical framework outlined in Chapter 3. Discuss how the
findings support or contradict previous research and theories. Ensure that each
interpretation is logical and well-supported by the data.
Example:
Table 1
Descriptive Summary of Academic Performance based on Family Support
Verbal
Indicators WM Std Deviation Interpretation
How often do your family members
encourage you to perform well
academically? 4.55 0.75 Always

assist you with your homework or
school projects? 3.55 0.35 Often
ask about your grades and academic
progress? 4.13 0.78 Often
provide you with the necessary
materials 4.26 0.95 Always
Average Mean 3.80 0.83 Often
The descriptive summary of academic performance presented in Table 1 offers
valuable insights into the effect between family support and academic performance.
Drawing upon Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory (1986), which emphasizes the role of
observational learning and social reinforcement.
Smith and Johnson (2021) underscore the significance of family encouragement in
fostering students' self-efficacy and motivation, aligning with the high scores observed in
the "Encouragement" indicator (WM = 4.55, SD = 0.75). This consistent encouragement
from family members contributes to students' beliefs in their capabilities to succeed
academically, as posited by Bandura's theory.
Brown (2022) highlights the importance of access to study materials in facilitating
observational learning experiences, supporting the findings in the "Provision of Materials"
indicator (WM = 4.26, SD = 0.95). By providing necessary resources, families enable
students to acquire knowledge and skills essential for academic achievement, as emphasized
in Bandura's theory of social modeling.
In terms of direct assistance with homework or school projects, the results align with
the literature, with a moderate level of support reported (WM = 3.55, SD = 0.35). While not
as high as encouragement or resource provision, this finding supports Bandura's notion of
reciprocal determinism, wherein behavior is influenced by personal, environmental, and
behavioral factors.
The inquiry about grades and academic progress by family members (WM = 4.13,
SD = 0.78) reflects Bandura's emphasis on feedback and reinforcement in the learning
process. Regular inquiries provide students with social reinforcement for their efforts and
achievements, contributing to their academic development, as supported by studies such as
Garcia et al. (2023).
However, the lower score for participation in school-related activities (WM = 2.5,
SD = 1.32) suggests a potential area for improvement. Research by Thompson and Lee
(2024) underscores the importance of family involvement in school activities for students'
academic and socioemotional development, highlighting the need for increased engagement
in such contexts to maximize students' learning opportunities.
Table 1.1
Descriptive Summary of Academic Performance based on Learning Teachniques
Verbal
Indicators WM Std Deviation Interpretation
encourage you to perform well
academically? 4.55 0.75 Always
assist you with your homework or
school projects? 3.55 0.35 Often
How often do your family members ask
about your grades and academic
progress? 4.13 0.78 Often

provide you with the necessary
materials 4.26 0.95 Always

participate in school-related activities
such as parent-teacher conferences,
school events, or meetings? 2.5 1.32 Rarely
Average Mean 3.80 0.83 Often
Chapter 4
Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations
This chapter serves as the culmination of the study, presenting a summary of findings,
drawing conclusions supported by existing literature, and providing recommendations for
future research or practice. The chapter is divided into three sections: Summary of Findings,
Conclusions, and Recommendations.
Summary
<<<In Summary simply put here your SOP>>>
Findings
<<<In this section, provide a straightforward finding of the study’s results without
interpretation or analysis. Present the untouched results from the data analysis conducted in
Chapter 3, including tables, figures, and descriptive statistics. Each key finding should be
clearly stated, highlighting significant patterns, trends, or relationships observed in the data.
It must be written chronologically which the pattern is based on your SOP>>>
Conclusions
In this section, draw conclusions from the study's findings, supported by existing
literature reviewed in Chapter 2 and anchored in the theoretical framework outlined in
Chapter 3. Discuss how the findings align with or diverge from previous research, theories,
or conceptual frameworks. Provide insights into the implications of the study's results for
theory, practice, and policy. Justify the conclusions drawn by referring to specific studies,
theories, or concepts discussed in the literature review.
Recommendations
In this section, offer recommendations for future research or practice based on the
study's findings and conclusions. Identify areas for further investigation or exploration,
highlighting gaps or limitations in the current study that warrant attention. Suggest practical
implications for educators, policymakers, or practitioners based on the study's insights.
Provide clear and actionable recommendations that build upon the study's contributions and
address potential avenues for future inquiry.
Example
Chapter 4
Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations
Summary
The main purpose of the study was to determine the factors affecting academic
performance among students.
Specifically, the study sought answers to the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of;
1.1 Family Support
1.2 Learning Techniques
1.3 Teachers and Teaching
1.4 Learning Environment
2. Does family support, learning techniques, teachers and teaching, learning
environment significantly affect academic performance of the respondents?
3. Which of the variables (family support, learning techniques, teachers and teaching,
and learning environment) have the most significant effect on the academic
performance of the students?
4. How do the identified factors (family support, learning techniques, teachers and
teaching, and learning environment) individually influence academic performance?
4.1 What specific aspects of family support (emotional, financial, educational) are
most strongly associated with academic success?
4.2 Which learning techniques are most effective in enhancing academic
performance?
4.3 How do different teaching methods and teacher-student interactions impact
academic outcomes?
5. What are the combined effects of family support, learning techniques, teachers and
teaching, and learning environment on academic performance?
5.1 How do these factors interact to influence students' academic outcomes?

5.2 Which combination of factors provides the strongest predictive value for academic
success?
Findings
Based on the analyses and interpretation of data gathered and treated statistically,
the following are the findings of the study:
1. Family members "Always" encourage students to perform well academically, with a
weighted mean (WM) of 4.55 and a standard deviation (SD) of 0.75.
2. Family members "Often" assist with homework or school projects, with a WM of
3.55 and an SD of 0.35.
3. Family members "Often" ask about grades and academic progress, with a WM of
4.13 and an SD of 0.78.
4. Family members "Always" provide necessary study materials, with a WM of 4.26
and an SD of 0.95.
5. Family members "Rarely" participate in school-related activities such as parent-
teacher conferences and school events, with a WM of 2.5 and an SD of 1.32.
6. The overall average mean for all indicators of family support was 3.80, with an SD
of 0.83, indicating that family support is generally "Often" present in various forms.
Conclusions
The findings of this study, grounded in Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory (1986),
highlight the critical role of family support in shaping students' academic performance.
Consistent with the theory, family encouragement and provision of study materials
significantly contribute to students' self-efficacy and observational learning, as evidenced

by the high scores in these areas (Smith & Johnson, 2021; Brown, 2022). The frequent
inquiries about academic progress provide essential feedback and reinforcement, which are
vital components of the learning process (Garcia et al., 2023).
However, the lower level of participation in school-related activities suggests a gap
that could be addressed to enhance the holistic support system for students. This finding
aligns with Thompson and Lee (2024), who emphasize the importance of parental
involvement in school activities for fostering academic and socioemotional development.
Finally, the study confirms that family support, particularly in the form of encouragement
and provision of resources, plays a significant role in academic performance, aligning with
the theoretical framework and existing literature.
Recommendations
Based on the study's findings and conclusions, the following recommendations are
proposed:
1. Schools should implement programs and initiatives to increase parental
participation in school-related events and meetings. This could include flexible scheduling
of events, virtual meeting options, and more frequent communication between schools and
parents about the importance of their involvement (Thompson & Lee, 2024).
2. While the provision of study materials is already high, schools and policymakers
should ensure that all students have equal access to essential resources, possibly through
subsidized programs or partnerships with local businesses and organizations (Brown, 2022).
3. Schools could offer workshops to educate parents on effective ways to support
their children's academic journey, including strategies for providing emotional

encouragement, assisting with homework, and monitoring academic progress (Smith &
Johnson, 2021).
4. Further studies should explore the specific barriers to parental involvement in
school activities and develop targeted interventions to address these challenges.
Additionally, research could examine the impact of different types of family support on
various aspects of academic performance across diverse demographic groups (Garcia et al.,
2023).
References
<<<The references must be in APA format>>>
Adbi, A. &. (2023). intech and banks as complements in micro entrepreneurship. Strategic
Entrepreneurship Journal, 17(3), 585–611. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.1470.
Addo, S.D.; Asante J.; Awadzie, D.M; (2023) Does Risk Attitude Increase the Effect of
Financial Literacy on Access to Finance. International Journal of Business
Management and Economics. 4[3] 161-183 retrieved from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372837873 Increased The Effect of
Financial Literacy on Access to Finance
Agung Dharmawan Buchdadi, A. S. (2020). THE INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL
LITERACY ON SMES PERFORMANCE THROUGH ACCESS TO FINANCE
AND FINANCIAL RISK ATTITUDE AS MEDIATION VARIABLES . Academy of
Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, Volume 24, Issue 5. doi: 1528-2635-24-
5-595.
Ahinsah-Wobil, I. (2021). The Reform Mechanisms Policy in Ghana’s Public Financial
Management. SSRN, https://ssrn.com/abstract=3922133 or
http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3922133.
Akpoghol, D. D., Hanmaikyur T. J, Kwahar, N., Utile, Z., Agema, M. (2023). Effects of
Access to Finance and Business Mentorship on Sales Growth of Small and Medium
Enterprises in Gboko Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria.
DOI:10.24940/theijbm/2023/v11/i6/BM2306-007. Retrieved
from:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374174850_Effects_of_Access_to_F
inance_and_Business_Mentorship_on_Sales_Growth_of_SmallandMediumEnterpri
ses_in_Gboko_Metropolis_Benue_State_Nigeria
APPENDICES
<<<<The Appendices must be containing the following
Appendix A- Permit to Conduct of Study

Appendix B- Letter to the Respondents
Appendix C-Research Instrument/per instrument
Appendix D- Data of Students/per Data
Curriculum Vitae

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h

La Consolacion College, Liloan, Cebu, Inc.

Date of Submission: <<<Month, Date, Year>>>

Available to the general public Yes

<<<Example Abstract>>> <<<must be 150 to 250 words>>>>

<Name of the Research Adviser>

<Panel Member Name>

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of <Course>

Review Of Related Literature

Significance Of The Study

Statement Of The Problem

Scope and Delimitations of The Study

Methods and Techniques Used

Respondents of The Study

Instrument f The Study

Data Gathering Procedure

Data Processing and Statiscal Treatment

Table 1.1 Profile Of The Respondents In Terms Of Type Of Enterprise

Table 1.2 Profile of The Respondents in Terms of Type Of Enterprise

Table 2.1 Level of Influencing Factors in Terms of Managerial Experience

Table 2.2 Level of Influencing Factors in Terms of Financial Literacy

Table 2.3 Level of Influencing Factors In Terms of Business Plan

Table 2.4 Level of influencing Factors In Terms of Managerial Experience

Table 3.2 Test of Significance of Independent Variables

1 Profile Of The Respondents In Terms Of Type Of Enterprise

1 Profile of The Respondents in Terms of Type Of Enterprise

2 Level of Influencing Factors in Terms of Managerial Experience

2 Level of Influencing Factors in Terms of Financial Literacy

2 Level of Influencing Factors In Terms of Business Plan

1 Profile Of The Respondents In Terms Of Type Of Enterprise

1 Profile of The Respondents in Terms of Type Of Enterprise

2 Level of Influencing Factors in Terms of Managerial Experience

2 Level of Influencing Factors in Terms of Financial Literacy

2 Level of Influencing Factors In Terms of Business Plan

The Problem and Its Background

<<<Chapter 1 serves as the foundation for understanding the context, significance,

and objectives of the research study.>>> Please follow the format:

elements that will be addressed in the subsequent paragraphs.

problem being addressed in the study.

or challenges within the chosen topic area(GLOBAL&LOCAL). It identifies the problems

3rd Paragraph: <<<Objectives>>>- Here, the researcher outlines the objectives or

4th Paragraph: <<<Contribution>>> to the Body of Knowledge-The final

research, both in terms of academic scholarship and practical implications.

Review of Related Literature and Studies

<<<<The section for Review of Related Literature is a crucial component of the

research study, as it provides a comprehensive overview of existing knowledge and studies

how the discussion can be structured according to the specified variables:>>>>

five years (from 2020 onwards).

techniques or financial education programs impact individuals' ability to access financial

ensure relevance and up-to-date understanding of the topic.

Teachers and Teaching

years (from 2019 onwards).

The literature review on the learning environment considers recent studies

(published from 2020 onwards) on how institutional factors, socio-economic conditions,

and broader environmental influences shape individuals' access to financial resources.

providing an up-to-date understanding of this intersection.

Significance of the Study

Department of Education (DepEd). This study is significant to DepEd as it

initiatives aimed at promoting better curriculum and ensuring equitable access to

educational opportunities for all students.