an = a + ( n – 1 ) d Substituting the given values in the above formula we get, 0 = -18 + (10-1) d 0 = -18 + 9d 18 =9d d=2
iii. d = -3, n =18, an= -5
Solution: We know that, an = a + (n-1) d Substituting the given values in the above formula we get - 5 = a + (18 – 1)×(- 3) - 5 = a + 17 ×(- 3) - 5 = a-51 a = 51-5 a = 46 iv. a = - 18.9, d = 2.5, an = 3.6 Solution: We know the relation is an= a + (n – 1)d Substituting the given values in the above equation, 3.6 = -18.9+(n – 1) ×2.5 (n – 1)×2.5 = 3.6+18.9 (n – 1) ×2.5 = 22.5 22.5 n – 1= 2.5
n–1=9 n=9+1 n = 10 v. a = 3.5, d = 0, n =105 Solution: We know that, an = a + (n – 1)d Substituting the values in the above equation an = 3.5 +( 105-1)×0 = 3.5 + 104×0 = 3.5 + 0 = 3.5 Answer A B c an
7 3 8 28
-18 2 10 0
46 -3 18 -5
-18.9 2.5 10 3.6
3.5 0 105 3.5
B. Choose the correct choice in the following and justify :
(i) 30th term of the A.P.: 10, 7, 4, . . . , is (A) 97 (B) 77 (C) –77 (D) – 87
First term, a = 10, Common difference, d = 7 – 10 = - 3 We know that, an = a + (n – 1) d a30 = a + (30 – 1)×d a30= 10 + (30 – 1)(- 3) a30= 10 + 29× (-3) a30= 10 – 87 a30= -77 Hence, the correct answer is option (C) 𝟏 (ii) 11th term of the A.P.: - 3, - 𝟐, 2, . . ., is 𝟏 (A) 28 (B) 22 (C) –38 (D) –48𝟐 −1 Solution : A.P. is given by -3, , 2, … 2 First term, a = -3 1 Common difference, d =- 2 - ( - 3 ) 1 5 =- +3= 2 2
We know that, an = a + (n – 1) d 5 a11= -3+(11-1)( 2) 5 a11= - 3+10×2
a11= - 3+25 a11= 22 Hence, the correct answer is option (B) 3. In the following APs find the missing terms in the boxes: (i) 2, , 26 Solution: In the given A.P.,
a=2 a3 = 26 We know that, an = a + (n – 1) d a3 = 2 + (3 – 1) d 26 = 2 + 2d 24 = 2d d = 12 a2 = a + d = 2 + 12 = 14 Hence the missing term is 14. (ii) , 13, ,3 Solution: In the given AP, a2 =13 and a4 = 3 We know that, an = a + (n – 1) d. a+d = 13….(1) and a+3d = 3….(2) On Subtracting equation (1) from equation (2), we get 2d = -10 d = -5 a = a2 - d = 13 – (-5) = 13 + 5 = 18 a3 = a2 + d = 13 + (-5) = 13 - 5 = 8 Hence the missing term are 18 and 8.
4. Which term of the A.P.: 3, 8, 13, 18, …, is 78?
Solution: Let 78 is the nth term of the given A.P.. First term, a = 3 Common ratio, d = 8-3 = 5 We know that, an = a + (n-1) d 78 = 3+(n-1)5 75 = (n-1)5 15 = n-1 n = 16 Hence, 16th term is of the given A.P. is 78. 5. Find the number of terms in each of the given A.P.s. (i) 7, 13, 19, …,205 Solution: Let the number of terms of the given A.P. is n. First term, a =7 Common difference, d = 13-7 = 6. an = 205 an = a + (n-1) d 205 = 7+(n-1)6 198 = (n-1)6 n-1 = 33 n = 34 Hence, the number of terms of the A.P. is 34. 𝟏 (ii) 18, 15 𝟐, 13, …,.-47
Solution: Let the number of terms of the given A.P. is n.
First term, a =18 1 31 5 Common difference, d = 15 2 - 18 = - 18 = - 2 2
As we know that, an = a + (n-1) d 5 -47 = 18+(n-1)(- 2) 5 -65 = (n-1)(- 2) 65×2 = n-1 5
26 = n -1 n = 27 Hence, the number of terms of the A.P. is 27. 6. Check whether -150 is a term of the A.P.: 11, 8, 5, 2,… Solution: In the given A.P., First term, a = 11 Common difference d = 8-11 = -3 Let nth term of the given A.P. is -150. As we know that, an = a + (n-1) d -150 = 11+(n-1)(-3) -161 = (n-1)(-3) 161 n-1 = 3 161 161 n = 1+ , which is not possible because 1+ is not an integer value. 3 3
7. Find the 31st term of an A.P. whose 11th term is 38 and the 16th term is 73. Solution: Let a be the first term and d be the common difference of the A.P.. As we know that, an = a + (n-1) d a11 = a + (11-1) d 38 = a + 10 d a+10d = 38……(1) and Similarly, a16 = a + (16-1) d 73 = a+15d a+15d = 73……(2) Subtracting the equation (1) from the equation (2) we get 5d = 35 d=7 Substituting the value of d in the equation (1) we get a+10×7 = 38 a+70 = 38 a = -32 Then, 31th term of the A.P. is a31 = -32 + (31-1) 7 a31 = -32+210 a31 = 178. Hence, 31st term of the A.P. is 178. 8. An A.P. consists of 50 terms of which 3rd term is 12 and the last term is 106. Find the 29th term.
Solution: Let a be the first term and d be the common difference of the A.P.. As we know that, an = a + (n-1) d a3 = a + (3-1) d 12 = a+2d a+2d = 12……(1) and a50 = a + (50-1) d 106 = a+49d a+49d = 106……(2) Subtracting the equation (1) from (2) we get 47d = 94 d=2 Substituting the value of d in the equation (1) we get a+2×2 = 12 a+4 = 12 a=8 Then, 29th term of the A.P. is, a29 = 8+(29-1)2 a29 = 8+28×2 a29 = 64. Hence, 29th term of the A.P. is 64. 9. If the 3rd and 9th terms of an A.P. are 4 and -8 respectively, which term of this A.P. is zero? Solution: Let a be the first term and d be the common difference of the A.P. and nth term of this A.P. be zero.
Given: a3 = 4 a9 = -8 As we know that, an = a + (n-1) d a3 = a + (3-1) d 4 = a+2d a+2d = 4……(1) a9 = a + (9-1) d -8 = a + 8d a+8d = -8……(2) Subtracting the equation (1) from equation (2) we get 6d = -12 d = -2 Substituting the value of d in the equation (1) we get a+2(-2) = 4 a-4 = 4 a=8 If nth term of this A.P. is zero, then an = 0 As we know that, an = a + (n-1) d 0 = 8+(n-1)(-2) -(n-1)2 = -8 n-1 = 4
n=5 Therefore the 5th term of this A.P. is zero. 10. The 17th term of an A.P. exceeds its 10th term by 7. Find the common difference. Solution: Let a be the first term and d be the common difference of the A.P.. As we know that, an = a + (n-1) d a17 = a + (17-1) d a17 = a + 16d Similarly, a10 = a + 9d Then using the given condition we have, a+16d = a+9d+7 7d = 7 d=1 Therefore, the common difference of the A.P. is 1. 11. Which term of the A.P.: 3, 15, 27, 39, … will be 132 more than its 54th term Solution: In the given A.P., First term, a = 3 Common difference, d = 15-3 = 12. As we know that, an = a + (n-1) d a54 = 3 + (54-1) 12 a54 = 3 + 53 x 12 a54 = 3 + 636
a54 = 639 Let nth term of the given A.P. be 132 more than 54th term. 3+(n-1)12 = a54 + 132 3+(n-1)12 = 639 + 132 3+(n-1)12 = 771 (n-1)12 = 768 n-1 = 64 n = 65. Hence, 65th term of this A.P. is 132 more than 54th term. 12. Two A.P.s has the same common difference. The difference between their 100th terms is 100. What is the difference between their 1000th terms? Solution: Let a and b be the first terms of the given two A.P.s respectively and the common difference of both the A.P.s is d. As we know that, an = a + (n-1) d For 1st A.P. a100 = a + (100-1) d a100 = a + 99d a1000 = a + (1000-1) d a1000 = a + 999d For 2nd A.P. a100 = b + (100-1) d a100 = b + 99d a1000 = b + (1000-1) d
a1000 = b + 999d Then using the given condition, we have (a+99d)-(b+99d) = 100 a-b = 100 ------ (Eq 1) Difference between their 1000th terms, = (a+999d)-(b+999d) = a-b (From eq 1) = 100 Hence, the difference between 1000th terms of this A.P. is 100. 13. How many three-digit numbers are divisible by 7? Solution: We know that the first and last three-digit numbers divisible by 7 are 105 and 994. Therefore, we get an A.P. whose first term is 105, common difference is 7 and last term is 994. Let 994 is the nth term. a = 105 d=7 an = 994 n=? As we know that, an = a + (n-1) d 994 = 105 + (n-1)7 889 = (n-1)7 127 = n-1 n = 128 Hence, there are 128 three-digit numbers which are divisible by 7.
14. How many multiplies of 4 lies between 10 and 250?
Solution: We know that the numbers divisible by 4 after 10 and before 250 are 12, 16, 20, …, 248 First term, a = 12 Common difference, d = 16-12 = 4 Let the nth term of this A.P. is 248. an = 248 As we know that, an = a + (n-1) d 248 = 12+(n-1)4 236 = (n-1)4 n-1 = 59 n = 60 There are 60 multiples of 4 between 10 and 250. 15. For what value of n, are the nth term of two A.P.s: 63, 65, 67,…and 3, 10, 17,…equal? Solution: For the A.P.: 63, 65, 67,… First term, a = 63 Common difference, d = 65-63 = 2. an = 63+(n-1)2 And for the A.P. 3, 10, 17, … First term, a = 3 Common difference, d = 10-3 = 7. an = 3+(n-1)7 Then by given condition we have
63+(n-1)2 = 3+(n-1)7 5(n-1) = 60 n-1 = 12 n = 13. Therefore, 13th term of both the A.P.s are equal. 16. Determine the A.P. whose third term is 16 and the 7th term exceed the 5th term by 12. Solution: Let a be the first term and d be the common difference of the A.P.. a3 = a + (3-1)d 16 = a + 2d --------(1) a7 = a + (7-1)d a7 = a + 6d a5 = a + (5-1)d a5 = a + 4d a7 – a5 = 12 a + 6d – (a + 4d) = 12 a + 6d – a – 4d = 12 2d = 12 d=6 Substituting the value of d in the equation (1) we get 16 = a+2×6 16 = a+12 a=4 Therefore, A.P. will be a, a+d, a+2d,…
4, 4+6, 4+2×6,… 4, 10, 16,… 17. Find the 20th term from the last term of the A.P.: 3, 8, 13, …, 253. Solution: A.P. = 3, 8, 13,……, 253. To find the 20th term from the last of the A.P., we will reverse the order of A.P. 253, …….13, 8, 3 First term, a = 253 Common difference, d = 3-8 = -5 n = 20 an = ? As we know that, an = a + (n-1) d an = 253+(20-1)-5 an = 253 +19 x -5 an = 253 – 95 an = 158 Therefore the 20th term from the last term is 158 18. The sum of the 4th and 8th term of the A.P. is 24 and the sum of the 6th and 10th term is 44. Find the first three terms of the A.P.. Solution: As we know that, an = a + (n-1) d a4 = a + (4-1) d a4 = a + 3d Similarly, a8 = a + 7d
a6 = a + 5d a10 = a + 9d From the given condition, (a+3d)+(a+7d) = 24 2a+10d = 24……(1) and (a+5d)+(a+9d) = 44 2a+14d = 44……(2) Subtracting the equation (1) form equation (2) we get 4d = 20 d=5 Substituting the value of d in equation (2), we get 2a+10×5 = 24 2a+50 = 24 2a = -26 a = -13 a2 = a + d = -13 + 5 = -8 a3 = a + 2d = -13 + 2(5) = -3 Therefore, first three terms of the A.P. are given by -13, -8, -3. 19. Subba Rao started work in 1995 at an annual salary of ₹5000 and received an increment of ₹200 each year. In which year did his income reach ₹7000? Solution: Since the increment of each year is same. Therefore, it forms an A.P., 5000, 5200, 5400, ……….7000 Here, a = 5000 d = 200
an = 7000 n=? We know that, an = a + (n-1)d 7000 = 5000+(n-1)200 2000 = (n-1)200 n-1 = 10 n = 11 Therefore, in 11 year his salary will be ₹7000. 20. Ramkali save ₹5 in the first week of a year and then increased her weekly savings by ₹1.75. If in the nth week, her weekly savings become ₹20.75, find n.
Solution: Since the increment is same, therefore it forms an A.P.
a=5 d = 1.75 an = 20.75 We know that, an = a + (n-1)d 20.75 = 5+(n-1)×1.75 15.75 = (n-1)×1.75 9 = n-1 n =10 Therefore, the required value of n is 10.
