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C_Language_QnA (1)

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14 views7 pages

C_Language_QnA (1)

Uploaded by

bgmi6044
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Short Answer Questions:

1. What is Preprocessor?

A preprocessor in C is a tool that processes the source code before it is compiled. It handles directives like

2. Define Structure. How do you access structure members/fields?

A structure in C is a user-defined data type that groups variables of different types under one name.

Syntax:

struct StructureName {

data_type member1;

data_type member2;

};

Accessing Members:

Use the dot operator (.) for direct access or the arrow operator (->) if accessing via a pointer.

struct StructureName obj;

obj.member1 = value; // Direct access

3. What is a file? What are the various modes of files available in C Language?

A file is a storage medium used to store data permanently.

Modes:

- r (read)

- w (write)

- a (append)
- rb, wb, ab (binary modes)

- r+, w+, a+ (read and write).

4. Give an example for pointers to pointer.

int x = 10;

int *p = &x;

int **pp = &p;

5. What are the applications of an array?

Arrays are used for:

- Storing and manipulating collections of data.

- Implementing data structures like matrices, stacks, and queues.

- Sorting and searching algorithms.

6. Discuss the different modes available for opening a file.

- r: Open for reading.

- w: Open for writing (creates/overwrites).

- a: Open for appending.

- r+, w+, a+: Read and write combinations.

7. List any three preprocessor directives in C and explain their purpose.

- #include: Includes external libraries or header files.

- #define: Defines macros or constants.

- #ifdef: Conditional compilation.

8. Differentiate between L-value and R-value of pointers with an example.


L-value: Refers to a memory location (modifiable).

R-value: Refers to the value stored at a memory location.

Example:

int x = 10;

int *ptr = &x; // ptr is L-value, *ptr is R-value.

9. What is a self-referential structure in C? Provide an example.

A structure that includes a pointer to itself.

Example:

struct Node {

int data;

struct Node *next;

};

10. Define an array. Write its applications.

An array is a collection of elements of the same data type stored at contiguous memory locations.

Applications:

- Data storage for large datasets.

- Matrix operations.

- Sorting and searching.

11. Which one takes less memory, structure or union? And why?

A union takes less memory because it allocates memory equal to the size of its largest member, while a str

12. Why is it necessary to give the size of an array in an array declaration?


To allocate sufficient memory for the array elements at compile time.

13. Define a string.

A string is an array of characters terminated by a null character (\0).

Long Answer Questions:

1. How do you declare a 3D array? Explain with an example.

Syntax:

data_type array_name[size1][size2][size3];

Example:

int arr[2][3][4];

2. Write a C program to sort elements using Bubble Sort Technique.

#include<stdio.h>

void bubbleSort(int arr[], int n) {

for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < n - i - 1; j++) {

if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1]) {

int temp = arr[j];

arr[j] = arr[j + 1];

arr[j + 1] = temp;

}
}

int main() {

int arr[] = {64, 34, 25, 12, 22};

int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);

bubbleSort(arr, n);

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)

printf("%d ", arr[i]);

return 0;

3. Write a C Program to copy a string into another without String function.

#include<stdio.h>

void stringCopy(char *source, char *destination) {

while (*source) {

*destination = *source;

source++;

destination++;

*destination = '\0';

int main() {

char source[] = "Hello";

char destination[20];

stringCopy(source, destination);
printf("Copied String: %s", destination);

return 0;

4. Explain the various Dynamic memory allocation functions.

- malloc: Allocates memory of specified size and returns a void pointer.

- calloc: Allocates memory for an array and initializes it to zero.

- realloc: Resizes previously allocated memory.

- free: Frees allocated memory.

5. How do we define and declare a Structure?

Definition:

struct StructureName {

data_type member1;

data_type member2;

};

Declaration:

struct StructureName obj;

6. Write a C program to merge two files into a third file.

#include<stdio.h>

int main() {

FILE *file1, *file2, *file3;


char ch;

file1 = fopen("file1.txt", "r");

file2 = fopen("file2.txt", "r");

file3 = fopen("file3.txt", "w");

while ((ch = fgetc(file1)) != EOF)

fputc(ch, file3);

while ((ch = fgetc(file2)) != EOF)

fputc(ch, file3);

fclose(file1);

fclose(file2);

fclose(file3);

return 0;

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