Resources, Tools and Basic Information for Engineering and Design of Technical Applications! ► Flow Water ► Small Fluid Pumps ► Pressure Pumps ► Pumps Water Search Home Custom Search • Acoustics Share Share this on Google+ Tw eet Sponsored Links • Air Psychrometrics Recomendar 17 • Basics • Combustion • Drawing Tools Pump Affinity Laws • Dynamics Turbo machines affinity laws are used to calculate volume capacity, head or power • Economics consumption in centrifugal pumps when changing speed - rpm - or wheel diameters • Electrical Sponsored Links • Environment • Fluid Mechanics Sonic Water Level Meter • Gas and Compressed Air www.enoscientific.com • HVAC Systems Static and flow levels in seconds! No mess, nothing to lower in well. • Hydraulics and Pneumatics • Insulation The Affinity Laws of centrifugal pumps or fans indicates the influence on volume capacity, head (pressure) and/or power consumption of a pump or fan due to • Material Properties • Mathematics change in speed of wheel - revolutions per minute (rpm) • Mechanics geometrically similarity - change in impeller diameter • Miscellaneous Be aware that there are two sets of affinity laws • Physiology • Piping Systems affinity laws for a specific centrifugal pump - to approximate head, capacity and power curves for different • Process Control motor speeds and /or different diameter of impellers affinity laws for a family of geometrically similar centrifugal pumps - to approximate head, capacity and • Pumps power curves for different motor speeds and /or different diameter of impellers • Standards Organizations • Steam and Condensate Pump Affinity Laws for a Specific Centrifugal Pump • Thermodynamics Volume Capacity • Water Systems The volume capacity of a centrifugal pump can be expressed like
Free Industry ► Liquid Pumps n = wheel velocity - revolution per minute - (rpm) Magazines ► Used Pump d = wheel diameter Gear Solutions ► Flow Pumps Convert Units Head or Pressure Temperature The head or pressure of a centrifugal pump can be expressed like 0.0 o C dp1 / dp2 = (n1 / n2)2 (d1 / d2)2 (2) o F where Convert! Machinery Lubrication dp = head or pressure (m, ft, Pa, psi, ..) Length 1.0 Power
m The power consumption of a centrifugal pump can be expressed as
km in P1 / P2 = (n1 / n2)3 (d1 / d2)3 (3) ft where E&P (Hart's E&P) yards miles P = power (W, bhp, ..) nautical miles Convert! Changing the Wheel Velocity
Volume 1.0 m3 liters in3 Engineering ft3 Standards us gal Convert!
Velocity 1.0 m/s km/h If the wheel diameter is constant - change in pump wheel velocity can simplify the affinity laws to ft/min ft/s Volume Capacity mph knots q1 / q2 = (n1 / n2) (1a) Convert!
www.engineeringtoolbox.com/affinity-laws-d_408.html 2/9 26/07/13 Pump Affinity Laws Pressure Head or Pressure 1.0 Pa (N/m 2 ) dp1 / dp2 = (n1 / n2)2 (2a) b ar Power mm H2 O kg/cm 2 P1 / P2 = (n1 / n2)3 (3a) psi inches H2 O
Convert!
Flow 1.0 m 3 /s m 3 /h US gpm cfm Convert!
Free Industry Magazines
Gear Solutions
Note! If the speed of a pump is increased with 10%
Machinery Lubrication the volume flow increases with 10%
the head increases with 21% the power increases with 33 %
If we want to increase the volume flow capacity of an existing system with 10% we have to increase the power supply with 33%.
E&P (Hart's E&P) Replace the default values with the actual values. The calculator is generic and can be used with all common units as long as the use is consistent.
Replace the default values with the actual values. The calculator is generic and can be used with all common units as long as the use is consistent.
100 q1 - volume capacity - (m3/s, gpm, cfm, ..)
100 dp1 - head or pressure (m, ft, Pa, psi, ..)
5 P1 - power (W, bhp)
8 d1 - initial wheel diameter (m, in, ft ...)
6 d2 - final wheel diameter (m, in, ft ..)
Calculate !
Example - Pump Affinity Laws - Changing Pump Speed
The pump speed is changed when the impeller size is constant. The initial flow is 100 gpm, the initial head is 100 ft, the initial power is 5 bhp, the initial speed is 1750 rpm and the final speed 3500 rpm.
The final flow capacity can be calculated with (1a):
Fluid Mechanics - The study of fluids - liquids and gases. Involves various properties of the fluid, such as
www.engineeringtoolbox.com/affinity-laws-d_408.html 7/9 26/07/13 Pump Affinity Laws velocity, pressure, density and temperature, as functions of space and time. Pumps - Piping systems and pumps - centrifugal pumps, displacement pumps - cavitation, viscosity, head and pressure, power consumption and more
Related Documents
Centrifugal Pumps - An introduction to Centrifugal Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps - Minimum Flow - Centrifugal pumps and minimum continuous flow Discharge Regulation of Centrifugal Pumps - Adapting pump capacities to process demand Fan Affinity Laws - Affinity laws can be used to calculate volume capacity, head or power consumption - when speed or rpm, and wheel diameters are changed NPSH - Net Positive Suction Head - A definition and an introduction to Net Positive Suction Head - NPSH Pumping Water - Horsepower Requirements - Horsepower requirements pumping water Pumps - Specific Suction Speed - Specific Suction Speed may be used to determine what general pump design to use for maximum efficiency Shut-off Head - Centrifugal pumps and maximum - or shut-off - head Specific Speed - Pumps - Specific speed may be determined independent of the pump size
Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Edition - Online 3D modeling!
Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Edition - enabled for use with the amazing, fun and free SketchUp
Translate the ToolBox
Arabic - Chinese (Simplified) - Chinese (Traditional) - Dutch - French - German - Italian - Japanese - Korean - Portuguese - Russian - Spanish - - Select Your own language . .
About the ToolBox
We appreciate any comments and tips on how to make The Engineering ToolBox a better information source. Please contact us by email
editor.engineeringtoolbox@gmail.com
if You find any faults, inaccuracies, or otherwise unacceptable information.
The content in The Engineering ToolBox is copyrighted but can be used with NO WARRANTY or LIABILITY. Important information should always be double checked with alternative sources. All applicable national and local regulations and practices concerning this aspects must be strictly followed and adhered to.
Advertise in the ToolBox
www.engineeringtoolbox.com/affinity-laws-d_408.html 8/9 26/07/13 Pump Affinity Laws If you want to promote your products or services in the Engineering ToolBox - please use Google Adwords.
