Republic of The Philippines

Region VI-Western Visayas

School Division of Iloilo
DON CASIMERO ANDRADA NATIOAL HIGH SCHOOL
Punta, Carles, Iloilo

Research Title:

“Effects of Entrepreneurial Activities in TVL Students in Academic

Performances”

Submitted By:

Jammy Lee D. Alejandro

Angelica Janah B. Sy

Submitted To:

Ma. Donna P. Pagunsan

Practical Research 2 Adviser

 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter is divided into five parts: (1) Background of the Study, (2) Statement

of the Problem and The Hypotheses, (3) Significance of the Study, (4) Scope and

Delimitation of the Study, (5) Definition of Terms.

Part One, Background of the Study, includes the potential contribution of the

study, the background information of the study.

Part Two, Statement of the Problem and the Hypotheses, indicates the purpose of

the investigation generally and specifically using both descriptive and inferential

questions.

Part Three, Significance of the Study, includes the benefits to be

derived from the results of the study.

Part Four, Definition of Terms, alphabetically lists and defines difficult words or

terms used in the study for clarity and understanding.

scope or boundaries of the study.

Part Five, Scope and Delimitation of the Study, gives the brief and concise scope

or boundaries of the study.

 Background of the Study

Entrepreneurial activity includes the entry of new markets, the creation of new

products or services, and/or the innovation associated with different business

activities. Students in their senior year of high school may find entrepreneurship to be

both immensely beneficial and interesting. They present an opportunity to hone

leadership, creativity, and critical thinking abilities. A fascinating topic to investigate

is how these pursuit night tum interests into successful businesses.

According to the study by Castro et al. 2023, surveyed 180 Grade 12 ABM

students at a vocational high school in Manlao District. The results showed

satisfactory academic performance, with only one failing or not meeting expectations.

However, there was disagreement on entrepreneurial attitude components and no

correlation between academic achievement and entrepreneurial orientation. The study

recommends offering technical assistance and entrepreneurial experiences to boost

motivation and self actualization in students.

This study has been an inspiration to the researchers in conducting a research

about the effects of entrepreneurial activities in SHS Grade 12 TVL Students

academic performances. In addition to this; another reason is that the researchers

noticed that the senior high school students of Don Casimero Andrada National High

School are using their entrepreneurial abilities through selling foods and products in

sustaining their daily allowances. Hence this leads to another study which will

resulted as to the effects of the students entrepreneurial activities as to their academic

performances.
 Statement of the Problem

This study aims to answer the following questions with regards to the effects of

entrepreneurial activities in selected Grade 12 TVL students of Don Casimero

Andrada National High School academic performances.

1.) How can TVL students balance their academic activities and their entrepreneurial

activities?

2.) What are the things that TVL students may able to learn in this research?

3.) How can this research can affect the TVL students?

Hypothesis

There is significant effect in academic performance of entrepreneurial activities

of Grade 12 Technical Vocational Livelihood (TVL) students.

Significance of the Study

The outcome of this study brought advantage and solutions to address the existing

problem and were beneficial to the following:

Students. This study may provide insights for the TVL students regarding to the

effects of entrepreneurial activities to their academic performances since this will

provide information about the benefits that they acquire in entrepreneurial activities.
Additionally, it can also give an inspiration to those students who are interest in

entrepreneurial activities.

Teachers. This study will guide the teachers to have an idea as to how

entrepreneurial activities affects students’ academic performances on TVL students.

Parents. This study let the parents decide if they allow their children to be involve

in entrepreneurial activities which contributes to their academic performances.

Future Researchers. This study may provide of how entrepreneurial activities

affects students. Additionally, it can provide valuable insights for researchers in the

future and can add to the corpus of information already available on entrepreneurial

activities. It can be used as a resource for upcoming research and aid in the creation of

plans and programs to help students in comparable situations.

Scope and Delimitation

This research study will aim to decipher the grade 12 senior high school TVL

students in academic performances, which encompasses examining the effects of

entrepreneurial activities on senior high school students for the school year 2024-

2025.
 The participants of this study will be the (40) fourthy students from grade 12

senior high school TVL strand of Don Casimero Andrada National High School will

be chosen using the checklist form.

Definition of Terms

To establish common understanding of the study, the researchers

provideconceptual and operational definitions for the following terms:

Entrepreneurial: To be involved in or interested in the creation of business

enterprises is to be entrepreneurial.

In this study, it refers to the activity of the TVL students wherein they are

involved in business enterprises.

Academic Performance: The measurement of Student’s achievement in a variety

of academic topics. Typically, graduation rates, test scores, and classroom

performance are used by educators to gauge student achievement.

In this study, it refers to the students’ academic achievement which is affected by

their entrepreneurial activities.

Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL): A program in the Philippines that

provides students with practical skills and knowledge to prepare them for the

workforce.

In this study, It offers a curriculum made up of basic courses that are

necessary for every SHS track as well as specific hands-on courses that fulfill

TESDA's competency-based assessment requirements and standard hour requirement.

 Students: A person formally engaged in learning, especially one enrolled in a

school or college.

In this study, Students enrolled in Technical-Vocational-Livelihood programs

are intended to enhance their abilities for use in household livelihood projects.

Business: The practice of making one's living or making money by producing or

buying and selling products (such as goods and services). It is also "any activity or

enterprise entered into for profit.

In this study, students are engage to operate a self-owned small business

enterprise by selling goods and providing services that are valuable to the customer

and to gain a profit for their allowances.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The research examined studies and pertinent literature to support the significance of

the current investigation, which is presented in this chapter. For a better understanding

of the study, it also provides the state-of-the-art synthesis to completely understand

the research.

Students Engagement in Entrepreneurial Activities

"The enterprising human action in pursuit of the generation of value, through the

creation or expansion of economic activity, by identifying and exploiting new

products, processes, or markets" is the definition of entrepreneurial activity (OECD,

2007). Also, Martins et. al defines this as a byproduct of the entrepreneurial

ecosystem, entrepreneurial activity is the mechanism through which people generate

chances for innovation. The ultimate result of an entrepreneurial ecosystem is

therefore this innovation, which will ultimately lead to a new value in society;

entrepreneurial activity, on the other hand, is a more intermediate product of the

system. Innovative start-ups, fast-growing start-ups, and entrepreneurial staff

members are just a few examples of the various forms this entrepreneurial activity

takes. Lastly, Essentially, entrepreneurial activity consists of creating, launching, and

operating a new company in order to provide high-quality goods that meet the needs

of the intended market. Essentially, entrepreneurial activity is the outcome of an

entrepreneurial ecosystem, wherein an individual generates an opportunity with the

aim of introducing innovation into the standard business process. This is the method

by which the fundamental worth of a firm can be realized. Among the main examples

of entrepreneurial activity are creative start-ups, fast-growing start-ups, and

enterprising personnel. The entirety of running a firm, including designing, producing,

and effectively marketing goods to draw in customers, is considered entrepreneurial

activity (MAH, 2019).

There were types of entrepreneurial activities. There small business entrepreneurship,

large company entrepreneurship, calable start-up entrepreneurship, social

entrepreneurship, innovative entrepreneurship, Hustler entrepreneurship, imitator

entrepreneurship, researcher entrepreneurship and buyer entrepreneurship.

In small business entrepreneurship, the vast majority of companies are tiny ones. The

majority of people who are drawn to small business entrepreneurship do so with the

intention of making enough money to maintain a modest lifestyle and their family.

They are not looking to raise venture financing or make significant profits. Owning

and operating a small business is a common kind of small business entrepreneurship.

They usually employ family members and local workers. This type of

entrepreneurship includes neighborhood supermarkets, hair salons, tiny boutiques,

consultants, and plumbers.

A company with a limited number of life cycles is said to engage in large company

entrepreneurship. This kind of enterprise is best suited for a seasoned expert with

ongoing innovation sustainment skills. They frequently work in sizable teams with

other C-level executives. In order to satisfy consumer demand, big businesses

frequently develop new services and goods based on client preferences. When a small

business expands quickly, entrepreneurship might transition from small to huge. This

may also occur if they are purchased by a big business. Examples of this type of

entrepreneurship are Microsoft, Google, and Disney.

This type of entrepreneurship is practiced by those who think their business has the

power to alter the course of history. They frequently recruit expert staff members and

get money from venture investors. Scalable companies search for gaps in the market

and fill them with products or services. Silicon Valley is the birthplace of many of

these technology-focused companies. They aim for significant profit margins and

quick growth. Startups that are scalable include Uber, Instagram, and Facebook.

This type of entrepreneur is one that seeks to use their goods and services to address

social issues. To improve the state of the world is their primary objective. They don't

labor to amass significant wealth or profits. Rather, these types of business owners

typically found charities or organizations that are committed to promoting social

justice.

Entrepreneurs that are creative are those that are always coming up with fresh

concepts and technologies. They take these concepts and implement them as business

endeavors. They frequently seek to improve people's quality of life. Most innovators

are driven, enthusiastic individuals. They search for methods to differentiate their

goods and services from competing offerings. Creative entrepreneurs include people

like Bill Gates and Steve Jobs.

Hustler entrepreneurs are those who are prepared to work hard and consistently put

forth effort. They frequently begin small and use labor rather than money to build a

larger company. Their motivation stems from their aspirations, and they are prepared

to go above and beyond to realize their objectives. They are tenacious and willing to

overcome obstacles in order to achieve their goals. A hustler, for instance, could be

prepared to make numerous cold calls in order to close a single deal.

Entrepreneurs who strive to better the business ideas of others but utilize them as

inspiration are known as imitators. Their aim is to enhance and increase the

profitability of specific goods and services. An imitator is a hybrid of a hustler and an

innovator. They are eager to learn and put in a lot of effort, yet they begin by

imitating others. Imitators are highly self-assured and determined individuals. They

can create their own business and learn from the mistakes of others.

When they first launch their own companies, researchers do things slowly. They wish

to conduct as much study as they can before making a service or product offer. They

think their chances of success are higher if they are prepared and have the appropriate

information. A researcher ensures that they have a thorough comprehension of what

they are doing and that they comprehend every facet of their organization. Rather than

depending on their gut feeling, they frequently use reasoning, facts, and evidence.

They value having thorough business planning because they reduce the likelihood of

failure.

One kind of entrepreneur that fuels their business endeavors with their cash is a buyer.

Using their wealth to purchase companies they believe will succeed is their area of

expertise. They seek to acquire promising enterprises after identifying them. They

then implement whatever structural or managerial adjustments they deem required.

Their objective is to increase their earnings and grow the companies they buy.
Because these entrepreneurs are buying existing established businesses, this type of

entrepreneurship is less hazardous.

Marlborough (2024) published an article, Students' Imaginations Are Stirred by

Entrepreneurial Activities. Entrepreneurs create their own routes when they combine

innovation with resilience and leadership. Through online classes, podcasts, books,

and virtual appointments, it offered emotional assistance. In a similar vein, this

supports women who want to become entrepreneurs, especially during a recession.

She enables driven women to start and run an online store by teaching them how to

recognize a particular need and identify the target market. Students who are interested

in becoming entrepreneurs should seize the chance to learn through activities that

foster leadership, communication, problem-solving, and critical thinking. Students

invest in their future by dedicating time to business endeavors. As a budding

entrepreneur, think about the following student-focused business ventures.

Academic Performance of Students

Academic performance, often known as academic achievement, refers to how well a

student, instructor, or institution has met their short- or long-term learning objectives.

Academic achievement is demonstrated by the attainment of milestones in education,

such as bachelor's degrees and secondary school diplomas. Exams and ongoing

assessments are frequently used to measure academic progress, but opinions on how

best to assess it and what factors matter most—declarative information, like facts, or

procedural knowledge, like skills—are divided. Additionally, the results are not

entirely clear on whether individual factors can accurately predict academic

performance. Therefore, while creating models of school achievement, aspects like

exam anxiety, environment, motivation, and emotions need to be taken into account
(Wikipedia, (2024). According to Husaini (2023) in their study, “Factors Affecting

Students' Academic Performance” the findings showed that the most important

variables affecting students' academic achievement are low entry grades, family

support, accommodations, gender, grade on prior assessment, grade on internal

evaluation, GPA, and e-learning activity. Other scholars who are interested in

academic performance difficulties, such modeling and predicting students' academic

success, could find this finding useful.

Effects of Entrepreneurial Practices of Secondary Students to their Academic

Performance

According to the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology (2016), entrepreneurial

practices are a collection of mindsets, actions, and abilities connected to value

generation and innovation. Through these activities, students learn how to be

imaginative, creative, and risk-takers in addition to developing their project

management and planning skills. It is true that engaging in entrepreneurship helps

students succeed academically as well as develop confidence and other traits and

abilities that will help them succeed after graduation (Csorba et al., 2014).

An individual's capacity to translate ideas into action is referred to as entrepreneurship

(Onyebu et al., 2015) and students with financial difficulties suffer the most as the

cost of commodities continues to climb. This inspires them to launch a modest

business of their own, either inside or outside the school. It's ideal to start a small

business when you're still in school. Some, it appears, consider it as a disruption to

their academic pursuits. Sixty percent of full-time seniors who work more than 20

hours a week reported that it affected their academic performance; nevertheless, many
of them also stated that they had to look into working longer hours to make ends meet

(Grasgreen et al, 2012).

Additionally, according to Grasgreen et al. (2012), 32% of first-year students and

36% of seniors stated that their academic performance was hampered by financial

worries. Additionally, 27% of freshmen and 34% of seniors stated that they frequently

decide not to buy necessary academic materials due to the expense. These children

learn entrepreneurial skills as they launch a small firm to help them with their

financial difficulties.

One thing that helps students in their daily lives is these entrepreneurial techniques.

The government put into effect R.A. 10679, a law encouraging

Financial education and entrepreneurship among young Filipinos aware of this

business helps young Filipinos a lot. Through instruction and specialized training

programs, the "Youth Entrepreneurship Act," also known as RA 10679, aids in the

development of students' entrepreneurial activities. A comprehensive, sufficient, and

integrated system of education and training must be established, maintained, and

supported by the state, according to RA 10679, in order to foster and refine the

entrepreneurial spirit in young people.

Following the emergence of an entrepreneurial mentality, pupils could be urged to

launch a tiny company. A little business that they could start, either on or off school

grounds, to aid them with their financial struggles so they can purchase the things

they need for their personal and academic needs. By gaining knowledge, confidence,

and academically applicable attitudes and skills, students who pursue

entrepreneurship may also benefit academically.

 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter is divided into five parts: (1) Purpose of the Study, (2) Research Design,

(3) Respondents, (4) Sampling Technique, (5) Data Gathering Procedure.

Part One, Purpose of the Study, restates the objective of the study.

Part Two, Research Design, shows the method used in the study.

Part Three, Respondents, shows the respondents of the study.

Part Four, Sampling Technique, shows what sampling Technique will be used in the

study.

Part Five, Data Gathering Procedure, describes the subjects, the data gathering

materials and the research procedure employed in the study.

 Purpose of the Study

The purpose of this study aims to use their entrepreneurial abilities through selling

foods and products to sustain the daily allowances of selected Grade 12 TVL students

of Don Casimero Andrada National High School.

Research Design

This research study encompassed a mixed-methods design. The researchers

investigated the effect of entrepreneurial activities of Grade 12 TVL students in their

academic performances. The researchers will collected the quantitative data through

through pre-test and post-test instruments. While, qualitative data consist of field

observations, existing records, and an exit interview.

Respondents

The respondents of this study are the selected Grade 12 TVL learners of Don

Casimero Andrada National High School S.Y. 2024-2025.

Sampling Technique

The researchers employed a purposive sampling to carefully select participants for

the study. In order to pick participants for this sample strategy, those who had direct
experience with the insufficient Grade 12 TVL learners who were specifically

engaged in entrepreneurial activities at Don Casimero Andrada National High School.

Data Gathering Procedure

The data for this research were collected using a survey questionnaire. The

survey was created using suitable questions modified from related research and

individual questions formed by the researcher. The survey was comprised of twenty

(20) questions. In the questionnaire, Likert scale was used to determine if the

respondent agreed or disagreed in a statement. After the Practical Research 2 Teacher

would validated the questionnaire, these were distributed to the 40 selected Grade 12

TVL students of Don Casimero Andrada National High School.

The researchers assured confidentiality of their survey sheets since the identities

are not important. The researchers also understand that people's consciousness may

also affect their honesty and effectiveness in answering the survey, and so, the

researchers give people the option of being anonymous.

Participants were given time to respond and the researchers collected the surveys

right after they finished and gives an appreciation to the respondents for cooperating.

There were no incentives offered for participating in the research.

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Castro D.,Daing C, & Ramos R.(2023). Academic Performance and attitude towards

entrepreneur grade twelve students.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/

367431376_Academic_Performance_and_Attitude_Towards_Entrepreneurship_Educ

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Handbook of Income Distribution, (2015). Entrepreneurial activity

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/economics-econometrics-and

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%20as,%E2%80%9D%20(OECD%2C%202007).

Huisaini, Y. & Shukor, N. (2023). Affecting students' academic performance a review

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367360842_Factors_Affecting_Students'_

Academic_Performance_A_review
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performance of small and medium enterprise evidence from literature review.

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(University of Minho (2019). Portugal Entrepreneurship and Innovation: The Essence

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https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/entrepreneurship-and-innovation/65295

Marlborough (2020). Entrepreneurship

https://www.marlborough.org/news/~board/stem/post/why-entrepreneurship-is-so

important-for-students

https://www.wikipedia.org/

https://www.merriam-webster.com/