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    Experiment 3:

    Determination of the acceleration due to gravity using a spring

    1. Aims:

    1- Demonstration of the simple harmonic motion of a mass hung on a spring.

    2- Determination of the acceleration due to gravity using a loaded spring.

    3- Tools:
    Spiral spring, set of weights, stopwatch, Vertical scale (ruler or meter stick).

    4- Theory:
    The simple harmonic motion is a special type of periodic motion where the restoring
    force on the moving object is directly proportional to the object's displacement
    magnitude and acts towards the object's equilibrium position. See Fig. 1.

    Figure 1. A representation of the simple harmonic motion of a spring.

    The period of the oscillation T of a mass m at the end of the spiral spring depends on the
    mass m attached to the spring and the spring’s constant k. The periodic time can be given
    by:
    𝑚 𝑚
    𝑇 = 2𝜋+ ⟹ 𝑇 ( = 4𝜋 ( , (1)
    𝑘 𝑘

    9
    According to Hook's law, if the applied force F is the weight of the mass m hanged on the
    spring (see Figure 1), we will have
    |𝐹| = 𝑚𝑔 = 𝑘∆𝐿, (2)
    and then,
    𝑚𝑔
    𝑘= , (3)
    ∆𝐿
    By substituting Eq. (3) into (1), we get
    4𝜋 (
    𝑇( = ∆𝐿, (4 )
    𝑔
    Therefore, by plotting the relation between 𝑇 ( on the Y-axis and the extension ΔL on the
    X-axis, we obtain a straight line passing through the origin where its slope = 4𝜋 ( ⁄𝑔 . From
    the slope, one can determine the acceleration due to gravity where 𝑔 = 4𝜋 ( ⁄𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒, see
    Fig. 2.

    Figure 2.

    5- Procedures

    1. Measure the original length of the spring Lo.


    2. Attach the smallest mass to the spiral spring and measure the length of the spring.
    Then, stretch the spring to make oscillations.
    3. Use a stopwatch, to record the time for 10 oscillations then divide the measured time
    by 10 to obtain the periodic time T for one complete period.
    4. Repeat the above steps for different values of masses to obtain the corresponding
    extension and the periodic time.
    5. Plot the T2 versus DL to get the acceleration due to gravity from the slope.

    10
    6- Results
    1. You may record your results in the following table:
    The length of the spring without loads, L0= …. m

    Length of the L (m)


    Mass T10 (s) T (s)=T10/10 T2(s2)
    (g) spring: L(cm)
    20
    30
    40
    50
    60
    70
    80
    90
    100

    2. Plot the relation between T2 on the Y-axis and ΔL on the X-axis, we get a straight
    !"!
    line passing through the origin where its slope equal slope = )
    as in the

    following graph.
    !"!
    3. Calculate the acceleration due to gravity using the relation: g = .
    #$%&'

    11
    12

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