XKCS Ch6 Life Processes QA

Life Processes Kolabari Tutorial CBSE X
Study material
Life Processes
Self Assessment Work Sheet
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTION [1 MARK]

Q1. What will happen to a plant if its xylem is removed?
A: Xylem in plant transports water and dissolved mineral nutrients from the roots to all parts of the vascular
plant. So, if xylem is removed from the plant, the water and mineral supply to the plant will stop and
therefore, the plant will die.
Q2. Where does digestion of fat take place in our body?
A: Digestion of fat takes place in the small intestine of our body.
Q3. Name one accessory pigment and one essential pigment in photosynthetic plants.
A: Accessory pigment – Carotene/Xanthophyll; Essential pigment – Chlorophyll
Q4. What is the mode of nutrition in human beings?
A: Holozoic nutrition.
Q5. Mention the raw materials required for photosynthesis.
A: The following raw materials are required for photosynthesis: (i) Carbon Dioxide: Plants get CO₂ from
atmosphere through stomata.(ii)Water: Plants absorb water from soil through roots and transport to leaves.
(iii) Sunlight: Sunlight, which is absorbed by the chlorophyll and other green parts of the plant.
Q6. What would be the consequences of deficiency of hemoglobin in your body?
A: The deficiency of hemoglobin in our body is called anemia. In anemia, the blood is unable to carry the
sufficient amount of oxygen required by the body. So, respiration would be less and less energy will be
available to the body. The hemoglobin deficient person will feel weak, pale, lethargic and will be unable to
perform heavy physical work.
Q7. Name the green dot like structures in some cells observed by a student when a leaf peel was viewed
under a microscope. What is this green colour due to?
A: The green dot-like structures in some cells observed by a student when a leaf peel is viewed under a
microscope are chloroplasts. The green colour is due to the presence of green pigment, chlorophyll.
Q8. State any one difference between autotrophic and heterotrophic modes of nutrition.
A: In autotrophic nutrition, organisms obtain their food from inorganic substances. In heterotrophic nutrition,
organisms derive their food from organic substances.
Q9. Give one reason why multicellular organisms require special organs for exchange of gases between their
body and their environment.
A: In unicellular organisms the entire body of the organism is in contact with the environment hence
exchange of materials can take place but, in multicellular organisms the entire body of the organism is not in
contact with the environment and hence simple diffusion is not helpful.
Q10. Name the process in plants where water is lost as water vapour.
A: Transpiration is the process when plants loose water as vapour.
Q11. What is ‘translocation’ in plants?
A: Translocation is the movement of soluble materials, products of photosynthesis from leaves to other
tissues throughout the plant.
Q12. State the basic difference between the process of respiration and photosynthesis.
A: Respiration uses O₂ and releases CO₂ but in photosynthesis, CO₂ is used and O₂ is released.
Q13. Mention two structural features of small intestine which add to the absorptive capacity.
A: Two structural features of small intestine are: (i) Villi is present to increase the absorptive surface area.
(ii) Lacteals in the villi receive the products of fat digestion.
Kolabari Tutorial [Near: Bharat Gas Godown Devidanga, champasari, Siliguri. Contact : 8116600677]
Page 1
Study material
Q14. Name the intermediate and the end products of glucose breakdown in aerobic respiration.
A: CO2, water and energy.
C6H12O6 Pyruvic acid CO2 + water + Energy
Glucose (3-carbon molecule)
Q15. In the experiment “Light is essential for photosynthesis”, why does the uncovered part of the leaf turn
blue-black after putting iodine solution?
A: Starch is produced in the uncovered part of the leaf because it is exposed to sunlight allowing it to
photosynthesize, which turns blue-black in presence of iodine solution.
Q16. Name the component of blood that helps in the formation of blood clot in the event of a cut.
A: Platelets help in clotting of blood in the event of a cut.
Q17. Mention how organisms like bread moulds and mushrooms obtain their food.
A: Organisms like bread moulds and mushrooms breakdown the food materials outside the body and then
absorb the nutrients of the bread.
Q18. What advantage over an aquatic organism does a terrestrial organism have with regard to obtaining
oxygen for respiration?
A: The amount of oxygen dissolved in water is very low, as compared to amount of oxygen in air. Thus,
terrestrial organism has to make less effort to obtain oxygen than an aquatic organism to obtain oxygen for
respiration.
Q19. Name the two ways in which glucose is oxidised to provide energy in various organisms.
A: The two ways in which glucose is oxidised to provide energy in various organisms are aerobic respiration
pathway which uses oxygen to break-down glucose completely into carbon dioxide and water and some use
other pathways that do not involve oxygen which is called anaerobic respiration pathway.
Q20. Specify two conditions in which photo-respiration may take place in green plants.
A: Two conditions in which photorespiration may take place in green plants are:(i) High concentration of
oxygen and (ii) High temperature
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [I][2Marks]
Q21. What are the final products after digestion of carbohydrates and proteins?
A: The final product produced after digestion of carbohydrates is glucose and of proteins is amino acids.
Q22. What is saliva? State its role in the digestion of food.
A: Saliva is a watery fluid secreted by the salivary glands in the mouth. The digestive functions of saliva
include moistening food, and helping to create a food bolus, so it can be swallowed easily. Saliva contains
the enzyme amylase that breaks some starches down into maltose and dextrin.
Q23. Explain the process of nutrition in Amoeba.
A: The mode of nutrition in Amoeba is holozoic. It feeds on unicellular plant or animal. The various steps of
nutrition are ingestion, digestion, assimilation and egestion. When Amoeba comes in contact with food
particles, it sends out pseudopodia, which engulfs the prey by forming a food cup, which is known as
ingestion. When the tips of the encircling pseudopodia touch each other, the food is encaptured into a bag
called food vacuole. The food vacuole serves as a temporary stomach secreting digestive juice, this step is
known as digestion. The digested food gets absorbed and diffuses into the cytoplasm and then assimilated.
Egestion of undigested food takes place at any point on the surface of the body.
Q24. State two differences between arteries and veins.
A: Arteries: Arteries carry oxygenated blood, away from the heart except pulmonary artery. These are thick-
walled, highly muscular except arteries of cranium and vertebral column. Valves are absent. Blood in
arteries moves with high pressure.
Veins: Veins carry deoxygenated blood, towards the heart except pulmonary veins. These are thin-walled.
Valves are present which provide unidirectional flow of blood. Blood in veins moves under very low
pressure.
Page 2
Study material
Q25. How are the alveoli designed to maximise the exchange of gases?
A: Alveoli are small pouches or sacs like structure. They are surrounded by blood capillaries. Thus a large
amount of air is brought in contact with the air in the lungs. More than millions of alveoli are present in the
lungs. The presence of millions of alveoli in the lungs provides a very large surface area for the exchange of
gases. The availability of large surface area maximises the exchange of gases.
Q26. Explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange between tissues and blood.
A: Exchange of respiratory gases, i.e. oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs between the blood and tissues. In
tissues, oxygen is used up for their activities and carbon dioxide is released. The blood from lungs has high
concentration of oxygen and low concentration of carbon dioxide. Due to this, difference in concentration of
oxygen and carbon dioxide, the exchange of gases takes place between tissue and blood.
Q27. Describe the mechanism of blood clotting.
A: Blood Clotting: It is the mechanism that prevents the loss of blood at the site of an injury or wound by
forming a ‘blood clot’. The blood has platelet cells which circulate around the body and plug these leaks by
helping to clot the blood at these points of injury to prevent it from excessive bleeding.
Q28. Why are white blood corpuscles called ‘soldiers’ of the body?
A: White blood corpuscles can fight with the disease germs present in the body carried by blood and help to
maintain a healthy body. So, they are called as ‘soldiers’ of the body.
Q29. Which part of the human heart is considered as pace-maker? Why is it so called?
A: Sino-atrial node of the human heart is considered as pacemaker. Sino-atrial node is also called as
pacemaker because it determines the rate of heartbeat by determining the rate of discharge of cardiac
impulse.
Q30. Which enzyme initiates the digestion of proteins? Name the other enzyme produced by the same gland.
A: The enzyme gastric pepsin initiates the digestion of proteins. The other enzyme produced by the stomach
is gastric lipase.
Q31. Name the first digestive organ that is associated with the breakdown of proteins in humans. What are its
three releases?
A: The first digestive organ in humans is the stomach. It releases proteolytic enzymes, HCl and mucus.
Q32. Name two excretory products other than 0₂ and CO₂ in plants.
A: The two excretory products other than 0₂ and CO₂ in plants are resins and gums.
Q33. Why do the walls of the trachea not collapse when there is less air in it?
A: Rings of cartilages are present in trachea. These rings support the trachea and do not allow the trachea to
collapse when there is less air in it.
Q34. What are enzymes? Name any one enzyme of our digestive system and write its function.
A: Enzymes are biological catalysts. Catalysts are proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions
without being used up. For example: Amylase catalyses the breakdown of starch into sugars in the mouth
and small intestine
Q35. (i) Write the balanced chemical equation for the process of photosynthesis, (ii) When do the desert
plants take up carbon dioxide and perform photosynthesis ?
A: (i) Photosynthesis can be represented using a chemical equation. The overall balanced equation is
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
(From air) (From soil) (Photosynthesis) (Glucose – A food) (Oxygen)
(ii) Desert plants open up their stomata during night and take in CO₂. Stomata remains close during the day
time to prevent the loss of water by i transpiration. They store the CO₂ in their cells until the sun comes out
and they can carry on with photosynthesis during the day time.
Q36. Why there is no mixing of deoxygenated and oxygenated blood in the human heart normally?
A: There is no mixing of deoxygenated and oxygenated bloods in human heart due to the presence of inter-
ventricular septum. This septa completely divides the ventricle into right and left to avoid mixing of blood.
Page 3
Study material
Q37. Why are the walls of ventricles thicker than the auricles?
A: The walls of ventricles are thicker than the auricles because ventricles have to pump the blood to all the
parts of the body during their contraction. To counteract the backward pressure exerted by the blood, the
walls of the ventricles have to be thicker otherwise it may lead to bursting of heart.
Q38. Why do herbivores have longer, small intestine than carnivores?
A: Digestion of cellulose takes a longer time. Hence, herbivores eating grass need a longer small intestine to
allow complete digestion of cellulose. Carnivorous animals cannot digest cellulose due to the absence of
enzyme CELLULASE, hence they have a shorter intestine.
Q39. Write any two functions of large intestine in man.
A: Functions of large intestine in man are: (i) It serves to store the unabsorbed food remnants temporarily.
(ii) It concentrates the contents by absorbing water. (iii) The movements of colon help to void the faeces
through anus.
Q40. How would digestion of food be affected if the bile duct is completely blocked? Explain.
A: If the bile duct is completely blocked, bile juice will not reach the small intestine and the digestion of fats
will be affected.
Q41. How would it affect the digestion of proteins and carbohydrates in the duodenum of man if there is a
blockage in the pancreatic duct? Explain.
A: If there is a blockage in the pancreatic duct, the pancreatic juice which contains enzymes for the digestion
of carbohydrates and proteins will not reach the small intestine.
Q42. How is carbon dioxide obtained by (a) aquatic plants and (b) terrestrial plants?
A: (a) Aquatic plants take up carbon dioxide dissolved in water. (b) Terrestrial plants use carbon dioxide
present in air.
Q43. Draw a neat labelled diagram of the structure of a chloroplast.
A:
Q44. Write correct sequence of four steps of method for the preparation of temporary mount of a stained leaf
peel.
A: Let us take a healthy leaf from the potted plant. Remove a part of the peel from the lower surface of the
leaf. You can do this by folding the leaf over and gently pulling the peel apart using forceps. Keeps the peel
in a watch glass containing water. Put a few drops of safranin stain in a watch glass. After 2-3 minutes take
out the peel and place it on a clean glass slide. Put a drop of glycerin over the peel and place a clean covers
Page 4
Study material
lip gently over it with the help of a needle. Remove the excess stain and glycerin with the help of blotting
paper. Observe the slide under magnifications of the compound microscope.
Q45. In single celled organisms diffusion is sufficient to meet all their requirements of food, exchange of
gases or removal of wastes but it is not in case of multicellular organisms. Explain the reason for this
difference.
A: Unicellular organisms can absorb sufficient oxygen because of its complete contact with the atmosphere,
but in multicellular organisms the rate of absorption and diffusion becomes very less because all cells are
not in direct contact with the atmosphere. Multicellular organisms require greater amount of oxygen to
sustain life processes which cannot be fulfilled by the process of diffusion.
Q46. In mammals and birds why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood ?
A: Mammals and birds are warm blooded animals. This means they can control their body temperature and
do not have to depend on environment for their body temperature regulation.
Because of this birds and mammals require optimum oxidization of glucose which would be possible with
good supply of oxygen. So it is required to have separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to supply the
required amount of oxygen.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [II] [3Marks]

Q47. Draw a diagram of the front view of human heart and label any six parts including at least two, that are
concerned with arterial blood supply to the heart muscles.
A:
Q48. State the role of the following in human digestive system: (i) Digestive enzymes (ii) Hydrochloric acid
(iii) Villi
A: (i) Digestive enzymes – Foods need to be broken into their small or simpler molecules so that they can be
absorbed into the bloodstream. However, the physical breakdown of food is not enough. Enzymes are hence
Page 5
Study material
needed for the chemical breakdown of food and speeding up the digestive process. The products of
digestion can hence be small enough to be absorbed. (ii) Hydrochloric acid – Hydro chloric acid helps to kill
the germs which might have entered in to the system through food. It creates acidic medium for the pepsin
to act on food to breakdown proteins. (iii) Villi – Villi are finger like projections in the small intestine. They
help to increase the surface area for absorption of the digested food. Villi are richly supplied with blood
vessel which help to absorb digested food in to the blood stream.
Q49. Draw a diagram of human excretory system and label renal artery, kidneys, ureters and urinary bladder
on it.
A:
Q50. List four characteristics of lungs which make it an efficient respiratory surface.
A: These features which particularly make our lungs efficient for gas exchange. 1. Thin: the air sac walls are
very thin so that gases can quickly diffuse through them. Oxygen is absorbed in to the blood and carbon
dioxide is given out in to the lungs to be exhaled out. 2. Moist: the air sacs are moist with mucus so that
gases can dissolve before diffusing. 3. Large surface area: the surface area for gases to diffuse through in
human lungs is roughly the same as a tennis court. The alveoli help to increase the surface area for
absorption of oxygen. 4. Good blood supply: the air sacs or the alveoli have a large capillary network so that
large volumes of gases can be exchanged. More the flow of blood more exchange.
Q51. (a) Leaves of a healthy potted plant were coated with vaseline to block the stomata. Will this plant
remain healthy for long? State three reasons for your answer. (b) State any two differences between
autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition.
Page 6
Study material
A: (a) No, this plant will not remain healthy for long. The plant will begin to die because (i) Gaseous
exchange will not take place. (ii) No absorption of C0₂, hence no photosynthesis. (iii) Transpiration will not
occur; hence no transportation of water.
(b)
Autotrophic nutrition Heterotrophic nutrition
(i) In this, the organisms make their food from (i) In this, the organisms derive their food or
nutrients from other living organisms.
carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight
and chlorophyll.
(ii) All green plants are autotrophic and use light(ii)
as The energy is derived from the intake and
a source of energy for synthesis. digestion of the organic substances.
Q52. (a) What is the role of HCl in our stomach ? (b) What is emulsification of fats ? (c) Which protein
digesting enzyme is present in pancreatic juice ?
A: (a)(i) It sterilises food by killing pathogens and other microbes. (ii) It has a pH of 2, which is perfect for
entyaus such as pepsin to break down proteins as effectively as possible. (iii) Helps emulsify food (digestion
of protein and stimulates the pancreas to produce digestive enzymes and bile) and protects against harmful
bacteria
(b) Breakdown of large gloubule fats into smaller fats droplets is known as emulsification.
(c) Trypsin is the enzyme secreted by the pancreas which aids in digestion of proteins.
Q53. In human alimentary canal, name the site of complete digestion of various components of food. Explain
the process of digestion.
A: In small intestine, complete digestion of various components of food takes place. The process of digestion
of food in mouth, stomach and small intestine in human body are as follows: Mouth: Digestion of food
begins in the mouth. Saliva present in mouth contains a digestive enzyme, called salivary amylase, maltose
and dextrins, which breaks down starch into sugar. Stomach: Stomach stores and mixes the food received
from the oesophagus with gastric juices. The main components of gastric juice are hydrochloric acid, mucus
and pepsinogen. Hydrochloric acid dissolves bits of food and creates an acidic medium. In this medium,
pepsinogen is converted to pepsin which is a protein-digesting enzyme. Mucus protects the inner lining of
the stomach from the action of HCl. Small Intestine: Small intestine is the site of complete digestion of
carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Small intestine produces intestinal juice from the glands present in its wall.
The intestinal juice helps in further digestion of food. Small intestine also obtains digestive juices from liver
and pancreas. The liver produces bile juice that causes emulsification of fats and the pancreas produces
pancreatic juice for digesting proteins and emulsified fats. This digested food is finally absorbed through the
intestinal walls.
Q54. State the functions of the following components of transport system: (i) Blood (ii) Lymph
A: The functions of blood and lymph are as follows:
(i) Blood: Oxygen is transported by the blood to the tissues of the body for the breakdown of digested food.
Carbon dioxide is transported to the lungs by the blood plasma.
The digested and absorbed nutrients are transported by blood to the tissues.
Nitrogenous wastes are transported to the kidneys.
It regulates the body temperature and maintains the pH of the body tissues.
It transports various hormones from one region to another and brings about the coordination.
It maintains water balance to constant level.
The lymphocytes produce antibodies against the invading antigens and protect from diseases.
It helps in rapid healing of wounds by forming a clot at the site of injury.
(ii) Lymph: It cleans the cellular environment.
It returns proteins and tissue fluids to the blood (drainage)
It provides a pathway for the absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins into the bloodstream.
It defends the body against disease.
Page 7
Study material
Q55. List the three kinds of blood vessels of human circulatory system and write their functions in tabular
form.
A: Three types of blood vessels in human circulatory system are: Arteries, Veins and Capillaries. Their
functions are tabulated below:
Q56. (a) “The breathing cycle is rhythmic whereas exchange of gases is a continuous process”. Justify this
statement. (b) What happens if conducting tubes of circulatory system develops a leak? State in brief, how
could this be avoided? (c) How opening and closing of stomata takes place?
A: (a) The breathing cycle involves inhalation and exhalation of air due to alternate expansion and
contraction of thoracic cavity. Thus it is a rhythmic process. But exchange of gases is a continuous process
as it takes place between the blood and each and every cell, by diffusion.
(b) The circulatory system will become inefficient if it develops a leak. This could be avoided by
maintaining a normal blood pressure.
(c) When water flows into the guard cells, the guard cells swell and the stomatal pore opens up. When water
moves out the guard cells shrinks and the stomatal pore closes.
Q57. Describe in brief the function of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.
A: The Kidneys filter the blood and concentrate the filtrate to make urine. They also help regulate blood
pressure. Ureters transport the urine to the urinary bladder. Urinary bladder is like a holding tank for the
urine until it’s ready to be excreted.
Q58. Explain the process of breakdown of glucose in a cell (i) in the presence of oxygen (ii) in the absence of
oxygen.
A: The process of breakdown of glucose in a cell is as follows:
The first step in the breakdown of glucose both in presence of 0₂ and in absence of O₂ is same. In this step,
glucose is broken down into pyruvate. Second step which involves further breakdown of private into simple
compounds can take place in two different ways:
(a) In presence of O₂: In the presence of 0₂, private is converted into C0₂ and water. Energy released during
aerobic respiration is much greater than that released during an anaerobic respiration.
(b)In absence of O₂: In the absence of 0₂ in yeast, pyruvate is converted into ethanol and C0 and the process
is called fermentation. In absence of 0₂, in our muscle cells, pyruvate is converted into lactic acid. The build
up of lactic acid in muscle cells causes cramps.
Page 8
Study material
Q59. (a)Explain how does the exchange of gases occur in plants across the surface of stems, roots and leaves.
(b) How are water and minerals transported in plants?
A: (a) In plants there are tiny pores called stomata on leaves and lenticels in stem which facilitate the
exchange of gases. Carbon dioxide is taken in and oxygen given out {during photosynthesis} and vice versa
during respiration.
(b) Water and minerals are transported within the plant by the Xylem vessels (mainly in an upward
direction); these are part of the vascular system which also includes Phloem vessels. Phloem transports the
products of photosynthesis within the plant, to all parts like the stem, roots, fruits etc. in all directions.
Q60. How is urine produced and eliminated?
A: Blood from the heart comes into the kidneys afferent and efferent arteriols from the renal arteries where it
enters about 2-3 million nephrons per kidney. Then, it goes through the glomerulus a tugt or bunch of blood
capillaries and get rid of some of the unwanted substances like urea, uric acid, creatinine in the blood and
then continues through the renal tubules. The loop of Henley, reabsorb certain substances such as water
(actually if body is dehydrated, body will send anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) to kidneys to prevent extra
water from going into urine and thus saving water for body and get rid of anything else that isn’t wanted,
then the urine goes through ureters to bladder and then to urethra where it is excreted out of body as urine.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTION [5Marks]

Q61. (a) Draw a diagram of human respiratory system and label the following: (i) part where air is filtered by
fine hair and mucus (ii) part which terminates in balloon – like structures (iii) balloon – like structures
where exchange of gases takes place. (iv) part which separates chest cavity from abdominal cavity. (b) Why
is the rate of breathing in aquatic organisms much faster than in terrestrial organisms?
A: (a)
(b) Quantity of dissolved oxygen is fairly low in water as compared to the amount of oxygen in air. Aquatic
organisms therefore have to breath faster than terrestrial organisms to absorb the required amount of oxygen
from the water.
Q62. State in brief the function of : 1. renal artery 2. Kidney 3. Ureter 4. urinary bladder 5. urethra
A: Renal artery: The renal artery carries blood to the kidneys from the abdominal aorta. This blood comes
directly from the heart and is sent to the-kidneys to be filtered before it passes through the rest of the body.
Up to one-third of the total cardiac output per heartbeat is sent to the renal arteries to be filtered by the
kidneys. Each kidney has one renal artery that supplies it with blood. The filtered blood then can exit the
renal vein.
Page 9
Study material
Kidney: The kidneys perform the essential function of removing waste products from the blood and
regulating the water fluid levels. The kidneys regulate the body’s fluid volume, mineral composition and
acidity by excreting and reabsorbing water and inorganic electrolytes.
Ureter: The ureter is a tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.’ There are two ureters,
one attached to each kidney.
Urinary bladder: The urinary bladder is an expandable muscular sac that stores urine before it is excreted
out of the body through the urethra.
Urethra is the tube that connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body for excretion.
Q63. (a) Draw a diagram to show open stomatal pore and label on it: (i) guard cells (ii) chloroplast (b) State
two functions of stomata. (c) How do guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomatal pore?
A: (a)
(b) Two functions of stomata are: (i) Exchange of gases between the plant and the atmosphere takes place
through stomata. (ii)Transpiration in plants takes place through stomata.
(c) Opening and Closing of Stomatal Pore: The opening and closing of the pore is a function of the guard
cells. The guard cells swell when water flows into them causing the stomatal pore to open. Similarly, the
pore closes if the guard cells shrink. As large amount of water is lost through these stomata, the plant closes
these pores when it does not require carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.
Q64. (a) What is meant by breathing? What happens to the rate of breathing during vigorous exercise and
why? (b) Define translocation with respect to transport in plants. Why is it essential for plants? Where in
plants are the following synthesised? (i) Sugar (iii) Hormone
A: (a) The process of taking in of oxygen from air in to the lungs and expulsion of carbon dioxide out of the
lungs is called breathing. The rate of breathing during vigorous exercise increases by about 20 to 25 times
per minute. It is because, during vigorous exercise the demand for oxygen increases. Breathing occurs
involuntarily but its rate is controlled by the respiratory center of the brain.
(b) Translocation is the transport of food from the leaves to other parts of the plant and occurs in the part of
the vascular tissue known as phloem. It is essential for plants because every part of the plant needs food for
obtaining energy for building its parts and maintaining its life. (i) Sugar is synthesised in the leaves of the
plant. (ii) Hormones are synthesised at the tips of roots and stems of a plant.
Q65. (a) What is the advantage of separate channels in mammals and birds for oxygenated and deoxygenated
blood? (b) Name the site of exchange of material between the blood and surrounding cells. (c) Draw a
schematic representation of transport and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during transportation of
blood in human beings and label on it: Lung capillaries, Pulmonary artery to lungs, Aorta to body,
Pulmonary veins from lungs.
A: (a) It is necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in mammals and birds because they
need high energy and large amount of oxygen. The separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
provides high oxygen supply to the organs. (b) Capillaries.
(c) A schematic representation of transportation and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during
Page 10
Study material
transportation of blood in human beings
Q66. (a) Draw a diagram to show the nutrition in Amoeba and label the parts used for this purpose. Mention
any other purpose served by this part other than nutrition. (b) Name the glands associated with digestion of
starch in human digestive tract and mention their role. (c) How is required pH maintained in the stomach
and small intestine?
A: (a)
Pseudopodia serves the purpose of locomotion apart from nutrition.

(b) The salivary gland is associated with digestion of starch in human digestive tract. It secretes saliva which
contains enzyme salivary amylase. This enzyme converts starch into maltose (sugar).
(c) Gastric glands present on the walls of the stomach release HCl. HCl creates an acidic medium, which
facilitates the action of enzyme pepsin. Bile juice from liver makes the food alkaline in small intestine for
the pancreatic enzymes to act.
Q67. (a) Draw a labelled diagram of the respiratory system of human beings with diaphragm at the end of
expiration. (b) List four conditions required for efficient gas exchange in an organism.
Page 11
Study material
A: (a)
(b) (i) A large surface area over which exchange can take place. (ii) A concentration gradient without which
nothing will diffuse. (iii) A thin surface across which gases diffuse. (iv) Warm conditions.
Q68. (a) Explain how the exchange of gases occurs in plants across the surface of stems, roots and leaves. (b)
How are water and minerals transported in plants?
A: (a) In plants, there are tiny pores called stomata on leaves and lenticels in stem which facilitate the
exchange of gases. CO₂ is taken in and O₂ given out (during photosynthesis) and vice-versa during
respiration.
(b) Mechanism of Transport of Water and Minerals in a Plant
The vessels and tracheids of roots, stems and leaves in xylem tissue are interconnected to form a continuous
system of water-conducting channels reaching all parts of the plant.
The cells of the roots in contact with the soil actively take up ions which creates a difference in the ion
concentration between the root and the soil. Thus, there is steady movement of water into root xylem from
the soil, creating a column of water that is pushed upwards.
Plant uses another strategy to move water in the xylem upwards to the highest points of the plant body.
The water which is lost through the stomata is replaced by water from the xylem vessels in the leaf.
Evaporation of water molecules from the cells of a leaf creates a suction which pulls water from the xylem
cells of roots.
This loss of water is transpiration which helps in the absorption and upward movement of water and
minerals dissolved in it from roots to the leaves.
Transpiration becomes the major driving force in movement of water in the xylem during the day when the
stomata are open.This mechanism is also known as cohesion of water theory or transpiration pull.
Q69. (a) Draw a diagram depicting Human Alimentary Canal and label on it: Gall bladder, Liver and
Pancreas. (b) State the roles of Liver and Pancreas. (c) Name the organ which performs the following
functions in humans: (i) Absorption of digested food (ii) Absorption of water.
Page 12
Study material
A: (a)
(b) Liver: It synthesize and store bile juice secreted by gall bladder which breaks down fats into fat globules.
Pancreas: It secretes pancreatic juice which contains protein-digesting and starch digesting enzymes. (c) The
organ which performs the following functions in humans are as follows: (i) Absorption of digested food –
Small intestine. (ii)Absorption of water – Large intestine.
Q70. (a) List the three events that occur during the process of photosynthesis. Explain the role of stomata in
this process. (b) Describe an experiment to show that “sunlight is essential for photosynthesis.”
Page 13
Study material
A: (a) The three events that occur during the process of photosynthesis are: (i) Absorption of light energy by
the green pigment chlorophyll. (ii) Conversion of light energy into chemical energy and the splitting of
water molecule into hydrogen and oxygen. (iii) Reduction of carbon dioxide into carbohydrate.
Role of Stomata Stomata are tiny pores present on the surface of leaves. They are also present on the surface
of young stems. Stomata are mainly engaged in the exchange of gases (entry of CO₂ and release of O₂ )
associated with photosynthesis. Plant closes the stomata when it does not need CO₂ for photosynthesis.
(b) Sunlight is essential for photosynthesis
Procedure: (i) Place a healthy green potted plant in a dark room for 1-2 days. This is done to ensure that the
plant consumes all its reserve food and the leaves do not contain any starch. (ii) Then, cover a portion of a
leaf of this plant on both sides with two uniform pieces of black paper, fixed in position with two paper
clips. (iii) Now, expose this plant to bright light. After a few hours, remove the leaf and decolorize it with
alcohol and test the presence of food (starch) with iodine solution.
Observation: It can be observed that the portion of the leaf covered with black paper does not (food).
Conclusion: This is because the food prepared by plants through the process of photosynthesis is stored as
starch. Starch reacts with the iodine solution to give blue-black colour. Only those portions of the leaf that
were exposed to sunlight could photosynthesise. Hence, gives blue- black colour when tested with iodine.
The portion of the leaf covered with black paper did not receive sunlight. Hence, starch was not produced.
Thus, it can be concluded that the sunlight is essential for photosynthesis.
Q71. (a) Complete the glucose breakdown pathway in case of aerobic respiration by filling the blanks. (b)
Name the molecule in the cell which stores the energy produced at the end of the pathway.
(c) Why do we get cramps during vigorous muscular activity?

Page 14
Study material
A: (a) (1) Pyruvate (3 carbon molecules) (2) Energy (3) Presence of oxygen (4) In Mitochondria (5) Carbon
dioxide (6) Water
(b) ATP (c) Lactic acid accumulation, in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic respiration)cause cramps.
Q72. (a) Draw the structure of a nephron and label the following on it: Glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule,
Renal artery, Collecting duct. (b) What happens to glucose that enters the nephron along with filtrate?
A: (a)
(b) During excretion in human beings, glucose which enters the nephron along with filtrate gets reabsorbed
by blood capillaries surrounding the nephron.
Page 15

XKCS Ch6 Life Processes QA

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

XKCS Ch6 Life Processes QA

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

XKCS Ch6 Life Processes QA

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Life Processes Kolabari Tutorial CBSE X

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTION [1 MARK]

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [II] [3Marks]

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTION [5Marks]

Pseudopodia serves the purpose of locomotion apart from nutrition.

(c) Why do we get cramps during vigorous muscular activity?

You might also like