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Java_FT

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5 views

Java_FT

Uploaded by

rohitkumar1266
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Methods in Java

A method in Java is a block of code designed to perform a specific task. Methods improve code reusability, modularity, and
organization.

Types of Methods in Java

1.​ Built-in Methods: Predefined methods provided by Java libraries.


○​ Example: System.out.println(), Math.sqrt(), etc.
2.​ User-Defined Methods: Custom methods created by programmers for specific tasks.

Method Syntax
java
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accessModifier returnType methodName(parameters) {
// method body
// return statement (if required)
}

Explanation:

●​ Access Modifier: Determines the visibility (public, private, protected, or default).


●​ Return Type: Specifies the data type of the value the method returns. Use void if no value is returned.
●​ Method Name: Follows camelCase naming conventions.
●​ Parameters: Inputs to the method (optional).
●​ Method Body: Contains the code to execute.
●​ Return Statement: Ends the method and returns a value (optional, depending on the return type).

Examples

1. A Simple Method
java
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public class Main {
public static void greet() {
System.out.println("Hello, welcome to Java!");
}

public static void main(String[] args) {


greet(); // Calling the method
}
}

Output:
css
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Hello, welcome to Java!

2. Method with Parameters


java
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public class Calculator {
public static int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {


int sum = add(10, 20); // Calling the method with arguments
System.out.println("Sum: " + sum);
}
}

Output:

makefile
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Sum: 30

3. Method with Return Type


java
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public class Circle {
public static double calculateArea(double radius) {
return Math.PI * radius * radius;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {


double area = calculateArea(5.0);
System.out.println("Area of the circle: " + area);
}
}

Output:

arduino
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Area of the circle: 78.53981633974483

Key Concepts in Methods

1. Method Overloading

●​ Multiple methods with the same name but different parameter lists.
●​ Allows polymorphism.

Example:

java
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public class Overloading {
public static int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}

public static double add(double a, double b) {


return a + b;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {


System.out.println(add(10, 20)); // Calls the first method
System.out.println(add(5.5, 2.3)); // Calls the second method
}
}

2. Method Overriding

●​ A subclass provides a specific implementation of a method already defined in its parent class.
●​ Used in inheritance to achieve runtime polymorphism.

Example:

java
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class Animal {
public void sound() {
System.out.println("Animal makes a sound");
}
}

class Dog extends Animal {


@Override
public void sound() {
System.out.println("Dog barks");
}
}

public class Main {


public static void main(String[] args) {
Animal myAnimal = new Dog();
myAnimal.sound(); // Calls the overridden method
}
}

Output:
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Dog barks

Best Practices for Methods

1.​ Follow Naming Conventions:


○​ Use descriptive names in camelCase.
○​ Example: calculateInterest(), printDetails().
2.​ Keep Methods Small:
○​ Each method should perform one task for better readability and maintainability.
3.​ Avoid Too Many Parameters:
○​ Prefer passing objects if many parameters are required.
4.​ Document Methods:
○​ Use comments and Javadoc to describe the method's purpose and behavior.

Special Methods

1. main() Method

The entry point of any Java program:

java
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public static void main(String[] args) {
// Code execution starts here
}

2. Static Methods

●​ Declared using the static keyword.


●​ Can be called without creating an object of the class.

Example:​
java​
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public static void printMessage() {
System.out.println("Static Method Example");
}

●​

3. Final Methods

●​ Declared using the final keyword.


●​ Cannot be overridden by subclasses.

Example:​
java​
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public final void display() {
System.out.println("This is a final method.");
}

●​

Advantages of Using Methods

1.​ Code Reusability: Methods can be reused multiple times.


2.​ Modularity: Programs can be divided into smaller, manageable parts.
3.​ Maintainability: Easier to test and debug.
4.​ Readability: Well-defined methods improve code readability.

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