BERARIMG oERS

ANDI
Let's Remember
A. Write T for the True and F
for the False statements. Correct the false statements.
1. Digestion involves the
intake of food into the body.
2. When an amoeba F -
Ln9estim
senses its food, it forms a food
Incisors have very sharp edges and help to tear thevacuole.
3. E Pseudopoolia
-

food. F
4. The liver secretes bile
which is stored in a Canin
5 The nutrients absorbed in the blood are small bag-like organ called the gall
bladder.
B. Match the
transported to the rest of the body by egestion.
following.
Column AA Column B -F
1. Ingestion assimilati-
2. Digestion
a.
Carbohydrates, proteins and fats (4
b. Anus6
3. Liver
c. Fats
4. Pancreas
d. Mouth O
5. Egestion
e.
e.
Stomach, liver and small intestine
(
NUTRITION IN RUMINANTS
AN
Have you seen a cow
chew Fac
wondered why it does so? continuously or ever
A cow
makes 40,000 to 60,000
Actually, cows and some other 1Ow movements per day. The
like goat, deer, etc.
swallow
plant-eating animals process of digestion in a cow
once. Later, they their food after chewing takes 70-100
hours,
2-24 hours in humans.compal
pared
as

the mouth and chew

bring back the swallowed fo
food into Ihis
hrinac h
it again. Aplant-eating ani
however, permits them to obtain
 NDERS
ER s1AMO
Let's Remember
Identify the following parts of a cow's digestive system.
1. This muscular part of the mouth helps in ingesting food onaue
2. This is the largest chamber of the stomach where cud is formed
This chamber of the stomach helps to move swallowed food back
Rumen
3
into the mouth for thorough chewing Reiculum
4. This chamber of the stomach absorbs excess water OmaStum
5. The walls of this chamber of the stomach secrete digestive juices Abomasm
6. This organ has several villi and most of the digestion of carbohydrates
proteins and fats takes place here mall instei
This organ helps absorb water and eliminate undigested food as faeces a r e i n s t e s
7.

Key Words
Ingestion The intake of food into the body is called ingestion.
Digestion The breakdown of food into simpler substances is called digestion.
Absorption The uptake of the soluble substances produced during digestion by the cells in
the body is called absorption.
Assimilation The use of simple substances to build complex substances required by the
body is called assimilation.
Egestion The elimination of the undigested food from the body is called egestion
Pseudopodia The finger-like projections formed by an Amoeba are called pseudopodia.
Villi The finger-like projections found on the lining of the small intestine, which
increase the surface area for efficient absorption are called villi.
Ruminant A plant-eating animal that brings back swallowed food into the mouth to chew it
again is called a ruminant.
Rumen The first and the largest part of the ruminant's stomach is called the rumen.
 LET'SUNDERSTAND
EMEMO

SIAND
Exercises
OT
. Objective type questions
AFill in the blanks with the correct words.
1.
(Assimilation/Digestion) involves the use of simple substances to build
complex substances required by the body.
2. Once swallowed, the food passes down
into a long tube called the
(stomach/oesophgus).
3. The process of digestion begins in the_ (mouth/stomach).
4. The liver secretes the_
(bife/pancreatic) juice.
5. The digestion of various components of food is completed in the.
(large/small) intestine.
6. (Runien/Abotasum) is the last chamber ofthe stomach in ruminants.
B. Choose the correct option.
1. In which ofthese processes is food broken down into simpler substances?
d. Assimilation
a. Ingestion 6 Digestion CAbsorption
2. Which of these are flat blade-like teeth used for cutting food?
b. Canines c. Premolars d. Molars
aIncisors
3. What do fats break down into?
b. Amino acids
a. Starchar I sugar
Fatty acids and amino acids
d.
CFatty acids and glycerol the food get partially digested and
4. In which of these chambers of ruminants does
stored as the cud? d. Reticulum
C. Abomassum
b. Omassum
Rumen in the small intestines?
5. Which of these nutrients gets mostly digested All ofthese
C. Fats
b. Proteins
a. Carbohydrates food?
following does a hydra catch its
of the d. Pseudopodia
With the help of which C. Beak
b. Cilia
Tentacles amoeba?
food in an liver
help to digest juices in the
Which of these
pseudopodia
b. Digestive
in the stomach
Outgrowths called d. Digestive juices
a. food vacuole

Digestive juices in the digestion of fats in human beings?

in the d. Villi
helps
Which of these primarily CBileed for later
b. Saliva later use?use?
stored for
a. Pancreaticjuice reserves
and are
dBoth b and
c
energy
c. Fatty acids
9, Which of these act as
b. Glycero
a. Amino acids
Nutrition in Animals 33
 stomach of ruminants?
0.Which of these is not a chamber of the
a. Abomasum and Omasum b. Rumen and reticulum
C) Liver and pancreas d. None of these

. Very short answer type questions

Give two examples for the following.
1.
Organisms made ofa single cell
Outgrowths that help unicellular animals to catch food
Amoeba.laraha
Tentacle Cilio
3. Digestive juices that aid in digestion Bile n Cai
4. Glands of the digestive
system
l1. Short answer
type questions
1. How is ingestion different from egestion?
2. Name the four types of teeth and their main functions in the human
jaw.
3. How do villi
help in small intestines of human beings?
4. What is rumination?
IV. Long answer type questions
1. With the
help of awell-labelled diagram, describe how an amoeba catches and
its food. diges
2. Explain the process of digestion in human beings.
3. How do nutrients get assimilated after digestion in the human
4. Describe in brief the process of
body?
digestion in ruminants.
LET'S RECALL
Recall and complete the concept map given below.

Nutrition in animals

Humans
Ruminants

Ingestion mout
bhgue 6 Teeth

iqestin mouth ntestine

sHomach.malma.l
Assim ladien omach
Absorption Small imtestine
Blood Small iofestine
Egestion o19e n testine
lare iotestine

34 Nutrition in Animals
 DERS

LET'S OBSERVE
oING 1

2
1. Look at the picture and write the correct numbers. 3
Also label the teeth in the picture.to 4

a. There are. 32 teeth in all, in an adult jaw.

b. An adult has:
i. incisors

ii. canines

ii. premolars 1C

iv. 12 molars
23
below.
2Label the parts of a cow's digestive system in the diagram given A

Rumen 4 , Reticulum
2
Totestin 3
obaal8