Tutorials

Object-Oriented Modelling – UML

Section A

1. **What does UML stand for?** - D) Association

- A) Universal Modeling Language
- B) Unified Modeling Language 7. **What does a sequence diagram
- C) Unique Modeling Language primarily depict?**
- D) Unilateral Modeling Language - A) The static structure of the system
- B) The functionalities of the system
2. **Which of the following is NOT one of - C) Interactions arranged in time
the three main categories of UML sequence
diagrams?** - D) The system's physical architecture
- A) Structural diagrams
- B) Behavioral diagrams 8. **Which of the following relationships
- C) Temporal diagrams indicates that one class is part of another but
- D) Interaction diagrams can exist independently?**
- A) Composition
3. **What type of diagram is used to model - B) Aggregation
the static structure of a system?** - C) Inheritance
- A) Use case diagram - D) Association
- B) Sequence diagram
- C) Class diagram 9. **What does the cardinality '1..*'
- D) Activity diagram indicate in a class diagram?**
- A) One-to-one relationship
4. **In UML, what symbol is used to - B) One-to-many relationship
represent an actor?** - C) Many-to-many relationship
- A) A rectangle - D) Zero or more relationships
- B) A circle
- C) A stickman 10. **In UML, which diagram is primarily
- D) A triangle used for modeling the dynamic aspects of a
5. **What is the primary purpose of use system?**
case diagrams?** - A) Class diagram
- A) To define the static structure of a - B) Activity diagram
system - C) Use case diagram
- B) To model the behavior of classes - D) Component diagram
- C) To gather usage requirements of a
system 11. **Which of the following diagrams
- D) To show interactions over time does NOT belong to behavior diagrams?**
- A) Sequence diagram
6. **Which relationship allows one use - B) State machine diagram
case to include the steps of another use - C) Component diagram
case?** - D) Activity diagram
- A) Extend
- B) Include 12. **What type of diagram shows the
- C) Generalization relationships between packages?**
 - A) Class diagram - A) They show the dynamic behavior of
- B) Package diagram the system.
- C) Use case diagram - B) They illustrate the relationships
- D) Object diagram between classes.
- C) They describe systems with Service-
13. **Which of the following best describes Oriented Architecture (SOA).
a state machine diagram?** - D) They represent the flow of
- A) It shows the internal structure of a information in a system.
classifier.
- B) It models the dynamic behavior 18. **What type of diagram is primarily
through state transitions. used to model the interaction between a
- C) It illustrates the relationships user and a system?**
between classes. - A) Class diagram
- D) It depicts the flow of control in a - B) Use case diagram
process. - C) Deployment diagram
- D) Activity diagram
14. **What is a defining characteristic of a
composite structure diagram?** 19. **Which UML diagram would you use
- A) It shows the lifecycle of objects. to show the execution order of messages
- B) It reveals the internal structure of a exchanged between objects?**
classifier. - A) State machine diagram
- C) It describes the flow of control. - B) Sequence diagram
- D) It represents the sequence of events - C) Activity diagram
over time. - D) Object diagram

15. **In a UML interaction diagram, what 20. **In UML, what is an artifact?**
does a lifeline represent?** - A) A physical implementation of a
- A) A specific action performed by an component
actor - B) A relationship between classes
- B) A participant in the interaction - C) A specific use case
- C) A state transition - D) A diagram type
- D) A method call
21. **What is the primary purpose of UML
16. **What is the purpose of a profile diagrams?**
diagram in UML?** - A) To provide a complete representation
- A) To define custom stereotypes and of a system
constraints. - B) To offer a graphical representation of
- B) To illustrate the class hierarchy. a model of a system
- C) To show the physical deployment of - C) To define programming syntax
components. - D) To serve as a user interface design
- D) To depict the sequence of tool
operations.
22. **Which of the following is NOT a type
17. **Which of the following statements is of structure diagram in UML 2.5?**
true regarding component diagrams?** - A) Class diagram
- B) Deployment diagram
 - C) Use case diagram - A) Sequence diagram
- D) Object diagram - B) Activity diagram
- C) Class diagram
23. **What is the purpose of a class - D) State machine diagram
diagram?**
- A) To show the sequence of message 28. **What is the purpose of a use case
exchanges diagram?**
- B) To depict the internal structure of a - A) To depict the internal workings of a
classifier class
- C) To represent actors and their - B) To describe the actions a system can
interactions perform with external actors
- D) To illustrate the relationships - C) To show the physical deployment of
between classes and interfaces software artifacts
- D) To illustrate the relationships
24. **Which diagram type is used to between different systems
describe the dynamic behavior of objects in
a system?** 29. **In UML, what does the "include"
- A) Structure diagram relationship represent?**
- B) Behavior diagram - A) A relationship that specifies optional
- C) Component diagram behavior
- D) Package diagram - B) A relationship that shows a required
behavior of a use case
25. **In UML, what does the term - C) A relationship indicating a
"aggregation" refer to?** generalization
- A) A strong relationship where parts are - D) A relationship that links actors to use
dependent on the whole cases
- B) A weak relationship where parts can
exist independently of the whole 30. **What distinguishes an interaction
- C) A relationship that defines the flow overview diagram from other types of
of control diagrams?**
- D) A relationship between classes that - A) It focuses on message sequencing.
share common behavior - B) It combines elements from activity
and interaction diagrams.
26. **What does a deployment diagram - C) It shows the internal structure of
primarily show?** classes.
- A) The sequence of messages - D) It depicts the deployment of
exchanged between objects artifacts.
- B) The architecture of the system as
deployment of software artifacts 31. **What does UML stand for?**
- C) The internal structure of classes - A) Unified Model Language
- D) The behavior of a system through - B) Unified Modeling Language
state transitions - C) Universal Modeling Language
- D) Unified Meta Language
27. **Which diagram is used to show the
flow of control or object flow in a 32. **Which of the following is NOT a type
system?** of UML diagram?**
 - A) Class Diagram 38. **In a sequence diagram, what do
- B) Sequence Diagram vertical dashed lines represent?**
- C) Flowchart Diagram - A) Lifelines of objects
- D) Use Case Diagram - B) Messages exchanged between
objects
33. **In UML, what does a class diagram - C) Activation periods of objects
primarily represent?** - D) State changes of objects
- A) The sequence of messages
exchanged between objects 39. **What does the term "composition"
- B) The static structure of the system, signify in UML?**
including classes and their relationships - A) A strong form of association where
- C) The behavior of the system over time the part can exist independently of the
- D) The flow of control in a program whole
- B) A weak form of association where the
34. **Which UML diagram is used to part can exist independently of the whole
model the dynamic behavior of a system?** - C) A strong form of association where
- A) Class Diagram the part cannot exist without the whole
- B) State Machine Diagram - D) A form of aggregation that includes
- C) Component Diagram multiple classes
- D) Package Diagram
40. **Which of the following best describes
35. **In a class diagram, what does a solid a state machine diagram?**
line with a closed arrowhead indicate?** - A) It shows how objects interact in a
- A) Generalization sequence of messages.
- B) Association - B) It represents the states of an object
- C) Dependency and transitions between those states.
- D) Aggregation - C) It models the relationships between
classes.
36. **What is the purpose of a use case - D) It depicts the architecture of a
diagram in UML?** system.
- A) To show the internal structure of a
class 41. **In UML, what is an "actor"?**
- B) To visualize the interactions between - A) A class that represents a user or
actors and the system another system that interacts with the
- C) To represent the flow of messages system being modeled
between objects - B) A type of object in a sequence
- D) To define the states of an object diagram
- C) A method defined in a class
37. **Which of the following symbols - D) A state in a state machine diagram
represents an interface in UML?**
- A) A rectangle with a solid border 42. **Which of the following relationships
- B) A circle indicates that one class is a specialized
- C) A rectangle with the «interface» version of another class?**
stereotype - A) Association
- D) A diamond shape - B) Dependency
- C) Generalization
 - D) Aggregation - C) State Machine Diagram
- D) Sequence Diagram
43. **What is the purpose of a component
diagram in UML?** 48. **What is an "aggregation" relationship
- A) To illustrate the physical in UML?**
components in a system - A) A strong form of association where
- B) To show the relationships between the part cannot exist without the whole
classes - B) A weak form of association where
- C) To depict the interactions between the part can exist independently of the
actors and the system whole
- D) To represent the dynamic behavior - C) A relationship indicating that one
of the system class is a subclass of another
- D) A relationship that represents a
44. **What does a "note" symbol in UML dependency between two classes
indicate?**
- A) A comment or additional 49. **In UML, what does the term
information about a diagram element "synchronous message" refer to in a
- B) A specific type of class sequence diagram?**
- C) A relationship between two classes - A) A message that can be sent without
- D) An interface waiting for a response
- B) A message that requires a response
45. **Which of the following best describes before continuing
the "visibility" of attributes and methods in - C) A message that indicates an error
a UML class?** - D) A message that is sent to multiple
- A) It indicates whether an attribute or objects simultaneously
method can be accessed from outside the
class. 50. **Which of the following statements is
- B) It determines the order in which true regarding UML?**
methods are executed. - A) UML is only useful for software
- C) It specifies the data type of an engineering.
attribute. - B) UML can be used to model both
- D) It shows the relationship between software and non-software systems.
two classes. - C) UML lacks standardization.
- D) UML diagrams are always static and
46. **What does a dashed arrow represent cannot represent dynamic behavior.
in a UML diagram?**
- A) A solid association
- B) A dependency relationship
- C) An aggregation relationship
- D) A generalization relationship

47. **Which of the following UML

diagrams is most useful for capturing
functional requirements?**
- A) Class Diagram
- B) Use Case Diagram
 Section B

Propose a complete UML analysis for the following systems. Your analysis should include,
list of actors, use cases, use case diagram, class diagram and sequence diagram.

Exercise 1
The Flight Reservation System is a software application designed to enable passengers to
search for, book, and manage flights seamlessly. Users can create accounts, log in, and search
for available flights based on departure and arrival cities, travel dates, and the number of
passengers. Once a flight is selected, the system facilitates the booking process, allowing users
to choose their seats and process payments securely through integrated payment gateways.
Passengers can also view and modify their bookings, request special services, and receive
notifications about flight confirmations and updates. Airline staff can manage flight schedules,
seat availability, and booking reports, ensuring smooth operations for the airline. This system
streamlines the entire flight reservation process, enhancing the travel experience for users while
providing efficient management tools for airline personnel.

Exercise2
The Library Management System is a software application designed to streamline the
management of library resources, including books, members, and transactions. Users, such as
librarians and library members, can interact with the system to perform various functions
efficiently. Librarians can add new books, update existing information, and manage inventory,
while also handling member registrations and tracking borrowed items. Library members can
search for books by title, author, or genre, check availability, and borrow or return items
through a user-friendly interface. The system maintains records of all transactions, including
due dates and fines for overdue items, ensuring that both librarians and members have access
to accurate information. Additionally, the Library Management System can generate reports
on book usage and member activity, aiding in the overall management and planning of library
services. This comprehensive system enhances the library experience for both staff and patrons,
promoting efficient resource utilization and improved service delivery.
Exercise 3
The School Management System is a comprehensive software application designed to facilitate
the administration of educational institutions. It streamlines various processes such as student
enrollment, attendance tracking, grade management, and communication between faculty,
students, and parents. Administrators can manage school operations by adding and updating
student records, scheduling classes, and overseeing faculty assignments. Teachers can take
attendance, enter grades, and communicate with students and parents regarding academic
progress. Students and parents have access to a user-friendly interface where they can view
schedules, grades, and attendance records, as well as receive notifications about important
events and deadlines. The system also generates reports on student performance and
attendance, providing valuable insights for educators and administrators. Overall, the School
Management System enhances the efficiency of school operations and improves the
educational experience for students and their families.

Exercise 4
A library system is used by Students and Faculty. The Library contains Books and Journals.
Books can be issued to both the Students and Faculty. Journals can only be issued to the
Faculty. Books and journals can only be issued by the Librarian. The deputy-Librarian is in
charge of receiving the Returned Books and Journals. The accountant is responsible for
receiving the fine for over-due books. Fine is charged only to students and not to the Faculty.
a) Identify the Actors in the systems and their use case (5 marks)
b) Draw a Use case Diagram (5marks)

Exercise 5
A company consists of Departments. Departments are located in one or more offices. One
office act as headquarter. Each department has a manager who is recruited from the set of
employees. Draw a class diagram which consist of all classes in the system, their attributes,
relationships and cardinalities. (10 marks)