Akmolink plc gggg (1)

PEIA For Mixed use, commercial
PARTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

REPORT ON
MIXED USE BUILD
PRMOTER: AKMONLINK COLLEGE PLC
SUBMITED: - FURI SUB-CITY ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AUORITY
PROJECT TO BE IMPLEMENTED IN FURI SUB-CITY MUDA FURI WOREDA
CONSULTAT: Bright star management and environmental

consultancy plc.
Tesdegefa@gmail.com
+251922156248
Jan, 2025
SHEGER CITY, ETHIOPIA
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACRONIMS .................................................................................................................................................... v
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................................................. vi
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Approach to the Study ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.1.1 Objective of the Study ................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.1.2 Methodology .............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2 Environmental Scoping............................................................................................................................. 5
2.1.1 Limitations ................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
3 LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................. 7
3.1 Economic Development Policies and Strategies ...................................................................................... 7
3.1.1 The National Economic Development Strategy ................................................................................ 7
3.1.2 Ethiopian Investment Strategy ......................................................................................................... 7
3.2 Environmental Policies and Strategies ..................................................................................................... 9
3.2.1 Constitution ..................................................................................................................................... 9
3.2.2 The Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia (CSE) ................................................................................ 10
2.2.3 The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia............................................................................................ 10
3.2.4. Sectoral Policies and Strategies ..................................................................................................... 11
National Health Policies and Strategies .............................................................................................. 11
3.2.5 Ethiopian Water Resources Management Policy............................................................................. 12
3.2.6 Legislative Instruments.................................................................................................................. 12
Proclamation on institutional arrangements .......................................................................... 12
FDRE Proclamation on Environmental Impact assessment Pro.No 299/2002 ........................ 13
FDRE Proclamation on Environmental Pollution and Control Pro. No 300/2002 .................. 13
3.2.7 Environmental Impact Assessment Guideline Document ................................................. 13
Oromia Region Proclamation on Environmental Impact assessment Pro.No 176/2005 .......... 14
3.2.8. Ethiopia's Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP), ........................................................ 14
4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................ 14
4.1 Background to the Project ...................................................................................................... 14
Background of the Project............................................................................................................ 14
4.1.1 Project Goal .................................................................................................................... 15
4.1.2 Location .......................................................................................................................... 15
4.1.3 Project Objectives and Justification ................................................................................. 15
4.1.3.1 Project Objectives .................................................................................................... 15
Project Specific objectives ....................................................................................................... 15
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4.1.3.2 Project Justification .................................................................................................. 16

4.2. Raw Materials, Production Process, Equipment’s, Machineries, Land and Civil Work ........... 20
4.2.1 Raw Materials ................................................................................................................. 20
4.2.2. Production Process ............................................................................................................. 22
3.1 Key features of the Life Cycle Assessment concept .......................................................... 22
4.2.5. Equipment’s and Machineries ................................................................................... 25
4.2.6. Utilities .................................................................................................................... 25
5. Physical Environment .......................................................................................................... 25
5.1 Location ..................................................................................................................................... 25
5...................................................................................................................................................... 25
5.1.1 Topography .............................................................................................................. 25
5.1.2 Soil Types ................................................................................................................ 25
5.1.3 Climate..................................................................................................................... 26
5.1.4 Water Resource ........................................................................................................ 26
5.2 Biological Resources ........................................................................................................ 27
5.2.1 Vegetation ................................................................................................................ 27
5.2.2 Wild Life .................................................................................................................. 28
5.3 Socio-Economic Environment .......................................................................................... 28
5.3.1 Population and Settlement Pattern............................................................................. 28
5.3.2 Social Livelihood ..................................................................................................... 28
5.3.3 Education ................................................................................................................. 28
5.3.4 Public Health ............................................................................................................ 29
5.3.5 Water Supply............................................................................................................ 29
5.3.6 Energy Sources and Coverage .................................................................................. 29
5.4 Historical, Cultural, Religious and Archeological Resources............................................. 30
5.5 Public Consultation and Social Acceptability of the Project .............................................. 30
5.6 Gender Equity Issues ........................................................................................................ 30
6 IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT CONDITIONS GENERAL.................................... 31
6.1 Positive impacts ..................................................................................................................... 32
6.2. Adverse Impact Assessment .................................................................................................. 36
6.2.1. Pre-construction Phase Impacts ................................................................................ 36
6.2.2. Impact during construction phase .............................................................................. 36
6.2.2.1. Impact on Soil Quality .......................................................................................... 37
6.2.2.2. Impact on Air Quality ........................................................................................... 37
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6.2.2.3. Impact on Water Quality ....................................................................................... 38

6.2.2.4. Impact on Noise Levels ........................................................................................ 38
6.2.2.5. Solid waste ........................................................................................................... 39
6.2.2.6. Health and safety .................................................................................................. 40
6.2.3. Impact during Operation Phase ....................................................................................... 42
6.2.3.1. Environmental Risk during Production ........................................................................ 42
6.2.3.2. Noise........................................................................................................................... 45
6.2.3.3. Waste water ................................................................................................................ 45
6.2.3.4 Health and Environmental Risk .................................................................................... 45
6.4. Mitigation of Significant Impacts ...................................................................................... 47
6.4.1. Constructional phase impacts mitigation measures.......................................................... 47
6.4.1.1. Noise and vibration ................................................................................................. 47
6.4.1.2. Soil and Water ......................................................................................................... 47
6.4.1.3. Solid waste .............................................................................................................. 47
6.4.1.4. Health and safety .................................................................................................... 48
6.4.1.5. Air (Visual intrusion) ................................................................................................ 48
6.4.2 Operational Phase Impacts mitigation measures............................................................... 48
6.4.2.1. Noise ....................................................................................................................... 48
6.4.2.2. Air quality ................................................................................................................ 49
6.4.2.3. Waste...................................................................................................................... 49
6.4.2.4. Working Environment/ Workplace Risk ................................................................... 49
7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................................................................... 50
7.1 General overview ................................................................................................................... 50
7.2. Pre-Construction Phase ......................................................................................................... 50
7.3. Construction Phase ............................................................................................................... 51
7.3.1. Site Preparation Management ......................................................................................... 51
7.3.2. Waste Management ........................................................................................................ 51
7.3.3. Air pollution and dust management ................................................................................ 52
7.3.4. On site cultivation and infrastructure .............................................................................. 52
7.3.5. Health and risk management........................................................................................... 52
7.4. Operational phase ................................................................................................................. 52
7.5. Monitoring plan and implementation program ....................................................................... 53
8. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ............................................................................ 55
9. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 57
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ACRONIMS
ASL Above Sea Level
ADLI Agricultural Development led-Industrialization
CSE Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia
EA Environmental Assessment
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EISR Environmental Impact Study Report
EMB Environmental Management Branch
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EPA Environmental Protection Authority
EPC Environmental Protection Council
EPE Environmental Policy of Ethiopia
ETB Ethiopian Birr, the National Currency
FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
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I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In the recent decade, Ethiopia has experienced a boom in urban development curtailed by the
construction of numerous infrastructure projects encompassing: residential and housing
projects; mixed use establishments; recreational facilities, and other amenities. These have
all been in support or service to the growing population in the city and also economic
development in both macro and micro scales. Most of these projects tend to have generic
impacts with baselines withholding but having a cumulative impact on the natural resources
that the greater population depends on. The project will be creates job for 35 workers
permanently by 100 million ETB birrs on 2000m2 of land provided by City administration.
The most beneficiary of the project is the youth who are eager to get the job. The gender
imbalance will be not considered and the opportunities will be equal for all, but the ladies
have pre-opportunities to be deployed within the services.
AKMONLINK COLLEGE PLC has contracted Bright star management and

environmental consultancy plc, a licensed and registered Grade 2 environmental consultancy
firm, to prepare the ESIA for this project for License application. The ESIA and its affiliated
process comply with guidelines issued by EIA guideline for Environmental Management Plan
in 2003. The ESIA will be submitted to the Furi sub-city EPA. The ESIA will be updated in
accordance to comments made by the Authority and communicated with relevant
stakeholders
The proposed of this project is to conduct ESIA Study report for construction of mixed use
build that will involve a service development. The project shares impact similar to the most
construction ditto urban development projects, and are thus manageable through the
proposed ESIA that was developed commensurate to the assessment of its impact in this
report.
The major objective of the assessment was to evaluate the effects/impacts of proposed
development in relation to the general environmental aspects i.e. physical, biological, and
social- economic environments. It aims at influencing the protection and co-existence of the
development with the surroundings as well as the compatibility of the proposed development
to the area; to ensure and enhance sustainable environmental management during
implementation and operational phases
The methodology used follows the conventional pattern for mixed use project of ESIA study
and meets the requirements of EPA’s Environmental Impact Assessment guideline. Data
collection both from primary and secondary sources; identification and analysis of
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significant environmental issues on the basis of those data; choosing mitigation and
enhancement measures; and developing environmental protection, monitoring and
management plans are the methodological approaches followed in conducting the EIA study
Direct, indirect and cumulative impacts are addressed. These impacts are further divided
according to their nature into negative or positive; random or predicted; ESIA Temporary
or permanent (reversible or irreversible) and short term or long term. The project is
characterized by short term and marginal impacts.
The major positive impacts of the proposed project are mainly those of economic benefits at
the national, regional and local level due to creation of ESIA Employment as well as
technology and capacity building for the citizens, while the major adverse impacts are
workers occupational safety and health cases. There is a need that, the project promoter
undertakes overall responsibility for compliance with the environmental management plan
(ESMP).
Cost-effective and environmentally sustainable techniques that can mitigate the adverse
impacts were proposed. ESIA was given for the best available techniques for prevention of
air emissions and wastewater effluents and control of their environmental impact. Special
consideration should be given to enhance positive effects of the project (e.g. utilization of the
local manpower at different stages of the project and hiring them during the production stage
when there is the possibility to do so). Environmental management is concerned with
implementation of the measures necessary to minimize or offset adverse impacts and to
enhance beneficial impacts.
Hence, the implementation of the project brings several beneficial impacts while the negative
impacts can be reduced to an acceptable level through a holistic planning and
implementation of the environmental management plan. Consequently, it can be concluded
that the project benefits by-far outweigh its adverse socio-economic and socio-ecological
impacts as these two can be mitigated by proper utilizations of the suggested mitigation
measures
Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework
Laws, Policies and institutions were considered for the dual purposes of identifying potential
project constraints, and establishing background for realistic, sensitive recommendations. The
respective policies, legislative and institutional issues that are most relevant to Modern Mixed
use building. This review found the following three programs and trends to have a strong
bearing upon the project: 1) National policies and strategies towards economic development
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and sectoral development; 2) environmental protection and conservation; Ethiopian growth

and transformation Plan and 3) governmental policies towards decentralization and local self-
determination.
Baseline Environmental Condition of the Project Area
Environment is defined as the surroundings or conditions in which a person lives/operates or

in which a particular project activity is carried on. Those pertaining to the project have both
bio-physical and socio-cultural aspects. The land is obtained from the government through
lease from the town administration.
Adverse Environmental impacts and suggested mitigation measures
The PEIA report discusses major environmental and social issues and constraints that can
arise from the project implementation. The project is characterized by short term and
insignificant pre-construction and construction stages impacts and long-term significant
impact during operation stage.
The major positive impacts of the proposed project are both those of economic benefits at the
national, regional and local level due to creation of employment for 40 permanent employees.
Environmental Management Plan
Environmental management is concerned with implementation of the measures necessary to

minimize or offset adverse impacts and to enhance beneficial impacts. The prime function of
PESIA is to provide a basis of shaping the project so that overall performance is enhanced.
The mitigation and benefit enhancement measures identified in the PESIA should be
followed so that the enhancement of the performance environmentally, can be achieved.
In order to be effective, environmental management must be fully integrated with the overall
project management effort at all levels, which itself should be aimed at providing a high level
of quality control, leading to a project which has been properly designed and constructed and
functions efficiently throughout its life.
Environmental Monitoring Program
Various kinds of environmental monitoring and evaluation will be conducted by responsible

staffs of the company. The Research and Development team will be responsible for most of
the monitoring activities and will report to the company top management in a weekly basis.
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The company top management and affiliated units of the Oromia Environmental Protection,
Authority, such as technical divisions of the industrial pollution prevention and control
department will make occasional and random monitoring, respectively. The monitoring will
involve both quantitative and qualitative data, as appropriate to the nature of the information
which will involve during the production stage of the project.
Conclusion and recommendations
Sustainable development that ensures intergenerational justice and equity is the approach of
the envisioned project. The company will have a good management structure that is capable
of executing its function in the day to day activity of the proposed project. Moreover, the
management, with previous experience of the owner in the running of many successful
businesses in Ethiopia, is capable of handling the responsibilities for environmental well-
being and creating job opportunities aimed at decreasing the foreign currency expenditure for
importing goods.
The implementation of the project will bring several beneficial impacts including creating job
opportunity and reducing poverty, contributing to national economic growth and providing
unique, specialized training and skills for those employed by established modern mixed use
building project investment. Thus it can be concluded that the project benefits by far
outweighs its adverse socio-economic and socio-ecological impacts as these two can be
mitigated by proper utilizations of the suggested-mitigation-measures
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1. INTRODUCTION
Brief Description of the Project
The regional government has improved its performing capacity after made a national change
within administrating system and capacitate the institution that has direct impact on the
development of the region like Oromia Investment and industry bureau. The commission has
been exerting its maximum effort to expand investment opportunities in the region so as to
foster the economic development of the region. Hence, it is this viable investment policy
which invited mixed use building to develop the interest and motivation of opening the
mixed use services in Furi Sub-city. Hence, he has fully happy when investing the service in
Furi sub-city Muda furi woreda district that will be creates job for 35workers permanently by
100 million ETB birrs on 2000 m2 of land provided by City administration
Accordingly, the proponent of the project, has hired a consultancy firm to undertake
environmental and social management Project so that the team be able to identify adverse
environmental impacts likely to be arise from the use of water and waste management, dust,
nuisance noise occupational safety and health issues and environmental management systems
employment by the firm through its project life time.
Therefore, this environmental and social management plan study was conducted according to
legal requirements of the EIA proclamation of the government of the Federal Democratic
Republic of Ethiopia, proclamation No.299/2002. This report is also submitted to the Furi
sub-city Muda furi woreda district Environment Protection Authority according to the
requirement of the proclamation. AKMONLINK COLLEGE PLC has contracted Bright
star management and environmental consultancy plc, a licensed and registered Grade 1
environmental consultancy firm, to prepare the ESIA for Mixed uses service License
application. The ESIA and its affiliated process comply with guidelines issued by EIA
guideline for Environmental Management Plan in 2003. The ESIA submitted to the City
Authority. The ESIA updated in accordance to comments made by the ministry and
communicated with relevant stakeholders
1.2. Objective of the Study

The major objective of the ESIA assessment was to evaluate the effects/impacts of proposed
development in relation to the general environmental aspects i.e. physical, biological, and
social- economic environments. It aims at influencing the protection and co-existence of the
development with the surroundings as well as the compatibility of the proposed development
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to the area; to ensure and enhance sustainable environmental management during

implementation and operational phases.
Specific assessment objectives pinned to these activities were to:
 Identify and analyse the impacts of the proposed project on the natural environmental
 Evaluate impacts of the project on the socio-cultural environment
 Assess impacts on infrastructure and social amenities (sewerage, water supply, road
network, electricity)
 Assess and predict any effects on any sensitive ecosystems
 Identify and predict impacts on and changes in development policy with respect to
the area
 Formulate an Environmental and Social Management Plan.
To achieve these objectives the assessment collected baseline data firstly through desktop
studies on city level, and then finally scoping down to the assessment area and its immediate
environs. These were combined with a public participation, a checklist and matrix to identify
and analyse impacts in order to fully prioritize them and develop efficient and appropriate
mitigation measures
Constant monitoring of the said aspects (impacts and mitigation) through close follow-up and
implementation of the recommended Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans also
ensure its longevity and avoid conflicts between the project and stakeholders or between it
and the natural world. In relation to the proposed mitigation and environmental management
and planning measures that incorporated during operation phases; and the developments’
input to the proponent and the general society, the proposed project is considered beneficial
and important. Major concerns should nevertheless be focused towards minimizing the
occurrence of impacts that would degrade the general environment
1.3 Methodology
To facilitate the permitting process, proponents are required to provide adequate information
on their proposal to serve as a basis for decision-making. It is in fulfillment of this
requirement that this Report has been prepared by the consultancy, for the design,
construction, testing and commissioning of Multipurpose Construction project establishment.
To facilitate this, site inspections, consultations, visual assessments and evaluation
procedures were undertaken.
The study team visited the project site and subsequently carried out in depth assessment of
the likely environmental implications of the proposed Multipurpose Modern development
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project. The team also interacted and discussed possible environmental and socio-economic
impacts of the proposed project with a number of stakeholders in order to:
• Identify key environmental concerns relating to the proposed project; and
• Highlight the concerns of the relevant stakeholders in the preparation of the Report.
The environmental impact of the project is prepared based three phases
1.4.Limitations
Even though some progress is made regarding PEIA, management and monitoring on Real
Estate Cons. project activities and services, there are a lot of things to be done to realize
objectives of the proclamation in developing countries like Ethiopia. Some of the challenges
in undertaking the study are:
 Getting scientific and sufficient and reliable primary data particularly for the specific
location Muda furi Woreda was difficult, because of this the socio economic and
biological information based on furi sub-city data’s, which is relatively wide.
 Lack of systemic networking among concerned government organizations so as to
accomplish the study as per the guideline of EIA,
 Having complete knowledge and perfect skill on scientific analysis of environmental
impact.
1.5 Field observation
The site visit was made to assess the baseline environmental & social conditions of the
proposed project, to identify environmental components that are likely to be significantly
affected by the proposed project. During the field investigation, information on physical and
biological resources, socio-economic as well as socio-cultural profile data has been collected.
1.6 Consultation with the public and relevant organizations
Despite, the environmental and social Impact Assessment proclamation No. 299/170 2,
article 15, sub article 1 and 2, of Ethiopia addresses public participation. As part of the
environmental and social Impact Assessment for the proposed development project, to know
background information significant to impact assessment and environment management and
to identify any areas of specific concern which need to be addressed by the project owners.
Consultations made aimed at providing relevant information about the company; discussion
on the possible adverse and beneficial effects of the project to the community and to collect
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recommendation on ways of the perceived adverse effects and maximizing the benefits of the
project activities.
1.7. Impact identification
The checklists, matrices, have been used to identify and analyze the main impacts as well
rating and evaluating the significance of the impacts.
1.8.. Description of the characteristics of impacts
Description of the characteristics of impacts in terms of: nature, magnitude, extent, location timing,
duration, livelihood and significance.
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2.Environmental Scoping
With the aim of deciding upon the limits of the study area and the list of activities and
impacts to be studied during the assessment, an initial environmental examination and
scoping have been carried out. The scoping exercise has been carried out with the following
main objectives:
 To define the limits of the study area,

 To define list of valued ecosystem components within the study area,
 To define list of activities, type and magnitude of the proposed project, and
 To define list of impacts to be studied.
In order to carry out the above tasks a tool and technique relevant to the project was
employed. For example, Environmental scoping checklist with followed by site and literature
review have been applied.
This PESIA document covers the activities that will take place in the mixed use Cons. project
which includes: - Impacts during operation of the project implementation, Real Estate
Construction project such as: -
 Waste water generation during operation of the project
 Solid waste generation during construction and operation of the project
 Noise pollution
 Odor and air pollution during project implementation from VOCs emissions
 Health and safety impact during for the staff workers during construction and
operation of the project
2.1 Valued Ecosystem Components within the Study Area
The primary function of scoping also referred to as setting the Terms of Reference of a
PESIA, is to establish the environmental priorities and set the boundaries for the study. The
objective of is to avoid creating a voluminous report and make the assessment process
concise and focused. Impacts of the mixed use build Cons. Project will totally cover around
2000m2 found in around furi sub-city sub city. Primarily water and air are the natural
ecosystem to be impacted by the project as result of the dust generated during construction
and transportation, loading and unloading activities. Landscape changes because
construction affects the flora and faunas reduce water quality and quantity of the area.
Physical injuries and human health affected from the dust emission during construction,
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processing, loading and unloading. Noise pollution is also another effect raised from the
machines used to full fill the purposes of the project.
2.2 Defining list of Activities, type and Magnitude of the Production Project
To investigate the activities such as base line environmental condition (such as the status of
flora and fauna) diversity and distribution, water resources quality and quantity situation, soil
type and geology of the area were investigated with objectives of predicting the future with
the project and without the project. The type and magnitude of the impact due to the project
is part of the environmental scoping. The PESIA team of expertise identified the impact type
such as:
Effects on endangered species
 Change in natural landscapes
 Impacts on the human health
 Effects on the present use of available natural resources
 Abandonment of either use of future production of natural resources
 Air quality deterioration
 Water quality reduction
 Soil pollution
 Instability of lands
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3. LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK

General Overview
This section covers the policy, legislative and institutional issues that are most relevant to
establishment of such Multipurpose Construction project activities and services in particular.
The first part looks at the National Economic Development policy and strategies and sectoral
policies and strategies related to the project. The second section focuses on existing
environmental policies and strategies at the national and regional/sectoral levels including the
Ethiopian Growth and Transformation Plan. Finally, the third part presents the existing
institutional frame work for Environmental Protection and Management.
3.1 Economic Development Policies and Strategies
3.1.1 The National Economic Development Strategy

The guiding strategy under the National Economic Development is known as the
‘Agricultural Development led-Industrialization’ (ADLI). This strategy further developed
into sectoral strategies that include Agriculture, Industry, Mining, Population growth,
technological progress, Economic and Social infrastructure, etc. The following can be
identified as the core elements of the agro-industrial development strategy component of
ADLI (MoPED, 1993).
o The promotion of labor intensive technologies and utilization of domestic raw

materials;
o Determination of the composition of industrial output based on the needs and

income levels of the population; and
o Government intervention to motivate the choice of labor intensive technology that

makes extensive use of domestic raw materials.
ADLI has provided that the basis for the development of the other national and sectoral
policies and strategies that have direct relevance to the development of export oriented
agriculture and its products in the country.
3.1.2 Ethiopian Investment Strategy

There had been a number of investment proclamation and regulations issued by government
as the country started to move away from ‘centralized economy’ to ‘free market economy’
(since 1992). These policy issues influence the project in different aspects.
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Above all; the following two documents that constitute the building blocks of the current
Ethiopian investment strategy, directly affect investment in the country in general.
o Proclamation No.37/1996: Investment proclamation of the federal Democratic

Republic of Ethiopia; and
o Regulation No. 7/1996: Council of Ministers regulations to provide for investment

Incentives.
According to the Investment Proclamation No.37/1996, the objective of the investment

policy of the federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia(FDRE) are designed to improve the
living standard of the peoples of Ethiopia through the realization of sustainable economic and
social development. Article 13 of the proclamation specifies the required information for
submitting an application for investment permit. The first sub-article under article 14,
prescribes the procedure for issuance of investment permit, states the following:
Upon receiving an application for investment permit made in full compliance with the
provisions of Article 13 of this proclamation, and after ascertaining within 10 days
that the included investment activity would not be contravening the operational laws
of the country and that, in particular, it complies with conditions stipulated in
environmental protection laws, the appropriate investment organ shall issue an
investment permit to the applicant.
The Council of Ministers regulation No.7/1996 provides the terms and conditions under
which investment incentives is provided for investors. The investment incentive is divided
into the following two categories: exemption from income tax and exemption from customs
duty on imported machinery and equipment. The exemption from income tax is based on the
following two criteria. The first criterion is the class of the investment as pioneer investment,
promoted investment, or expansion and upgrading of existing investment. The second
criterion is the location of the investment with respect to its potential contribution to
equitable distribution of regional development.
In 1998, the government of FDRE issued the following proclamation and regulations with the
objective of amending the investment proclamation and regulation issued in 1996.
o Regulation No. 116/1998: A proclamation to amend the investment proclamation;
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o Proclamation No. 35/1998: Council of Ministers Regulations on Investment Areas

Reserved for Domestic Investors.
o Regulation No. 36/1998: Council of Ministers Regulations to Amend the

Investment Incentives Regulations.
3.2 Environmental Policies and Strategies
3.2.1 Constitution
The constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia provides the overriding
principles and legal for all legislative frame-works in the country. The concept of sustainable
development and the environmental rights of the people are enshrined in the constitution by
the following articles that stipulate the rights of peoples in country.
Article 43: The Rights of Development
1. The Peoples of Ethiopia as a whole, and each Nation, Nationality and People in Ethiopia
in particular have the right to improved living standards and to sustainable development;
2. Nationals have the right to participate in national development and, in particular, to be

consulted with respect to policies and projects affecting their community;
3. All international agreements and relations concluded, established or conducted by the

State shall protect and ensure Ethiopia’s right to sustainable development; and
4. The basic aim of development activities shall be to enhance the capacity of citizens for
development and to meet their basis needs.
Article 44 - Environmental Rights
1. All persons have the right to live in a clean and healthy environment.
2. All persons who have been displaced or whose livelihoods have been adversely affected
as a result of State programs have the right to commensurate monetary or alternative
means of compensation, including relocation with adequate State assistance.
These constitutional provisions have served as the guiding principle of all activates that are
related to policy formulation, strategy development and the formulation of legislative and
institutional framework for environmental protection.
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3.2.2 The Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia (CSE)

The CSE, approved by the Council of Ministers in 1996, provides a comprehensive and
rational approach to environmental management in a very broad sense, covering national and
regional strategies, sectoral and cross sectoral policies, action plans and programs as well as
providing the basis for development of appropriate institutional and legal frameworks for the
implementation (EPA/Ministry of Economic Development and Co-operation 1996,
MoEDAC). It also deals with providing a strategic framework for integrating environmental
planning into a new and existing policies and projects.
It mainly recognizes the importance of incorporating environmental factors into development

activities from the beginning so that planners may take into account environmental protection
as an essential component of economic, social and cultural development.
2.2.3 The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia

The major policy framework document with respect to environmental management of
Ethiopia is the Environmental Policy (EPE) of the FDRE approved by the Council of
Ministers in April 1997. The Policy was prepared under the joint-effort of the Environmental
Protection Authority (EPA) and the Environmental Planning Unit (EPU) of the then Ministry
of Economic Development and Co-operation (MoEDC).
The policy contains elements that imply the importance of main streaming socio-ecologic
aspects in development programs. More specifically, there are two cross-sectoral policies
components with a mainstreaming effect in the EPE. Article 4.6 of EPE covers different
aspects of the importance of incorporating environmental costs and benefits in the
development planning process. Under this Article, the initiation of a pilot project on the
application of Environmental Accounting in Ethiopia was identified as one of the policy
directions. Furthermore, Article 4.6 states (EPA 1997, 21):
To explicitly consider in 5-, 10-, and 100- years time perspective the economic costs &
benefits to the environment in the planning of all major development programs,
projects and activities.
Article 4.9 of EPE covers the policy directive on EIA. The Article contains eleven sub-
articles covering different aspects of EIA and the conditions under which EIA must be
performed. Article 4.9.g (EPA 1997, 23) provides a provision:
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To create a by law on EIA process which requires appropriate Environmental impact

statements and environmental audits for private and state development projects.
The sectoral policies of EPE contain policy directions that may ensure the promotion of
sustainable industrial development in the country. More specifically, Article 3.8 of EPE
provides policy directions for the control of hazards materials and pollution from industrial
waste. This sectoral policy emphasizes the importance of pollution prevention and
minimization as the primary approach for pollution control. To this effect, Article 3.6(a)
states (EPA 1997, 15):
To adhere to the precautionary principle of minimizing and where possible preventing

discharge of substances and to disallow the discharge when they are likely to be
hazardous.
Article 3.8.m, more specifically (EPA 1997, 16) states:
To promote waste minimization processes including the efficient recycling of

materials wherever possible.
3.2.4. Sectoral Policies and Strategies

National Health Policies and Strategies
Article 2 of general policy states the ‘development of the preventive and promotive
components of health care’ as one of the basic policy component. The promotion of
occupational health and safety (Article 2.2.2) and the development of Environmental Health
(Article 2.2.3) are identified as priority policy areas for the health sector.
Article 5.2 states that the promotional and preventive activities shall address ‘prevention of
Environmental pollution with hazardous chemical wastes’. Article 1.3 of the Health sector
strategy that was developed in 1995 states the following under Environmental and
occupational Health and safety’ (TGE, 1995):
Agricultural schemes and industries will be expected to have strong health prevention and
promotion program. Starting from inception, an appropriate health advice has to be
sought & incorporated in the project. Guidelines, standards, regulations & legislations
will be prepared in order to assist the community, planners, builders, agricultural
schemes and industries on safe disposal of waste, minimizing environmental pollution and
incorporating appropriate health and safety standards in housing and work premises.
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3.2.5 Ethiopian Water Resources Management Policy

The Federal Government of the Democratic Republic of Ethiopia issued a comprehensive &
integrated water resources management policy in 1998. The policy document outlines the
following as the general policy objectives (FDRE, 1998:1)
o Development of the water resources of the country for Economic and social
Benefits of the people on equitable & sustainable basis;
o Allocation and apportionment of water based on comprehensive and integrated

plans and optimum allocation principles that incorporate efficiency of use, equity
of access, and sustainability of the resources.
o Combating and regulating floods through sustainable mitigation, prevention,

rehabilitation and other practical measures.
o Conserving, protecting and enhancing water resources and the overall aquatic
environment on sustainable basis.
3.2.6 Legislative Instruments

The Federal Government of Ethiopia is in the process of passing number of proclamations
that are aimed at providing the legislative instruments for the implementation of the national
environmental policy objectives and strategies. The following environmental protection
proclamations were enacted by the council of Representative of FDRE.
Proclamation on institutional arrangements

This proclamation establishes the EPA as an autonomous Federal agency with the objective
of formulating Environmental policies, strategies, legislatives, standards and directives. The
proclamation also provides for the establishment of the Environmental Council to ensure
integration of Environmental concerns with development policies, strategies and plans, as
well as co-ordination among sectors.
The Environmental Council is chaired by the prime minister (or his designate) and is
composed of the relevant line ministries, heads of other government agencies and
representative of trade associations and NGOs. The executive Director of EPA will serve as
member and secretary of the Environmental Council.
Further-more, the proclamation requires every competent agency to establish or designate its
own environmental unit, which shall ensure collaboration with EPA and be responsible to co-
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ordinate and follow up that activities of the agency are taking place in harmony with this
proclamation and other Environmental requirements.
FDRE Proclamation on Environmental Impact assessment Pro.No 299/2002

This proclamation requires all licensing agencies have to ensure that EPA or the respective
Regional Environmental Agency has authorized their implementation prior to issuing any
type of license for projects. The EIA proclamation includes provisions on: categories of EIA
requirements, duties and responsibilities of the project and the competent Agency,
procedures on EIA report and its approval, conditions of offense and the ensuing penalties
and conditions of public participation in the EIA process. The proclamation has an annex that
contains lists of activities/projects that requires an EIA.
FDRE Proclamation on Environmental Pollution and Control Pro. No 300/2002

The Proclamation contains general provision control; Environmental standards, powers and
duties of Environmental inspectors, rights to appeal and offenses and penalties. The pollution
control component includes provisions on management of hazardous wastes, chemicals and
radioactive substances, management of municipal wastes and protection of the ozone layer.
The proclamation has provisions on forfeiture cancellation and restoration.
3.2.7 Environmental Impact Assessment Guideline Document

The guide to EIA document that was prepared by EPA provides a background to EIA and
environmental management in Ethiopia. In effect, the document aims at being a reference
material to ensure effective environmental assessment and management practice in Ethiopia
for all parties who engage in the process. The basic objective of the guide is:
 Providing all interested parties with a consistent approach in EIA;
 Providing background information for the context of EIA in Ethiopia;
 Assisting proponents in identifying their EIA responsibility;
 Assisting communities and NGO groups in realizing their environmental rights with
regard to EIA;
 Assisting the authority in determining their roles and responsibilities as decision

makers in the EIA process; and
 Assisting in decision-making with regard to cost and benefits of proposed development

projects.
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Oromia Region Proclamation on Environmental Impact assessment Pro.No 176/2005

This proclamation requires all licensing agencies have to ensure that EPA or the respective
Regional Environmental Agency has authorized their implementation prior to issuing any
type of license for projects. The EIA proclamation includes provisions on: categories of EIA
requirements, duties and responsibilities of the project and the competent Agency,
procedures on EIA report and its approval, conditions of offense and the ensuing penalties
and conditions of public participation in the EIA process. The proclamation has an annex that
contains lists of activities/projects that requires an EIA.
Oromia Regional Proclamation on Environmental Pollution Control Pro. No 177/2005
The Proclamation contains general provision control; Environmental standards, powers and
duties of Environmental inspectors, rights to appeal and offenses and penalties. The pollution
control component includes provisions on management of hazardous wastes, chemicals and
radioactive substances, management of municipal wastes and protection of the ozone layer.
The proclamation has provisions on forfeiture cancellation and restoration.
3.2.8. Ethiopia's Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP),

Ethiopia's Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP) is a medium term strategic framework for
the five-year period (2010/11-2014/15). Under cross cutting part of the plan, there exists a
separate component for Environment and Climate change as explained below;
4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
4.1 Background to the Project
Background of the Project

The owner of the project is who needs to engage in construction material manufacturing
project in Furi sub-city Furi woreda district. The owner has work experience construction
Market center, Recreation area, Game zone, Office places, medical suites, shopping center,
super market, parking facilities, café, hotel components. The project was established in 2017
G.C with the objective construction material manufacturing and high quality construction
material production. The establishment of construction material manufacturing plant is for
the internal and external consumption. The project has support from the government and
community being it is in line with the country’s development objectives.
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4.1.1 Project Goal

The envisioned project with the overall goal of taking advantage of opportunities existing in
establishment of multipurpose Mixed Building complex that comprises Market center,
Recreation area, Game zone, Office places, medical suites, shopping center, super market,
parking facilities, hotel components, and come out as the most successful provider of
superior quality and affordable activities and services to earn maximum benefits from local
markets and foreign market.
The ultimate goal of the project is to make profit by construction Market center, Recreation
area, Game zone, Office places, medical suites, shopping center, super market, parking
facilities, café, hotel components to build as well as for other potential customers in Furi
town In addition, the project will realize the derived benefits that include creation of
employment and contribute to the government treasury in the form of taxations
4.1.2 Location
The envisioned project is located in Furi sub-city Furi woreda district, Oromia Regional
State.
4.1.3 Project Objectives and Justification
4.1.3.1 Project Objectives

The main objective of establishing this investment is to provide, cost effective, customer
oriented, one stop shopping center and quality services provision of multipurpose
construction that product use for building Market center, Recreation area, Game zone, Office
places, medical suites, shopping center, super market, parking facilities, hotel components
and etc. for local market and international costumers (in the future).
Project Specific objectives
Specific objectives of the project are:
 To get private benefit from the construction material manufacturing by using different
machines from inside and outside.
 Creating conducive living environment with ecological and social diversity as a
development approach for Ethiopia Country.
 Provide a friendly pedestrian environment with quality, safe public environment for
those working and entertaining in the area and surroundings, and offer a nested
security for the residents.
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 To construction Market center, Recreation area, Game zone, Office places, medical
suites, shopping center, super market, parking facilities, café, hotel components to the
market.
 To generate employment opportunity for 40 job seekers in the area.
 To engage in playing its role in promoting local development by generating revenue
and paying taxes for local government
 To engage in playing its role in promoting local development by generating revenue
and paying taxes for local government.
4.1.3.2 Project Justification

Ethiopia has a great economic potential in Africa. The current dynamic economic growth in
all sectors supports the idea to become a great nation. Agriculture is the backbone of the
economy. High improvement in terms of productivity and efficiency of this sector will
strongly support the development of other sectors (in backward and forward linkages).
In line with the above facts, the government of Ethiopia has implementing the five years
Growth and Transformation Plan(2010/11-2012/15) that aimed to achieve wider
development spectrum in all sectors with a special emphasis to agricultural development that
will realize the formation of industrialized and middle income earned. In this plan, crop
production and productivity, irrigation and improved water use, technology multiplication,
food security and supply and distribution are among the main strategy for agriculture and
rural development strategies.
Regarding infrastructure development, construction, education, private sector role in the

economy and environment the plan has good strategies to achieve the goal of
industrialization.
To all the above facts the parallel growth in complementary (supportive) sectors of the
economy is vital to sustain it. In relation to this, the owner of the envisioned factory
interested to engage in the sector that has government development focus apart from huge
market potentials.
Therefore, the establishment of multipurpose construction that compromises Market center,

Recreation area, Game zone, Office places, medical suites, shopping center, super market,
parking facilities, cafeteria, hotel components etc are taken as a promising business by the
owner.
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In the building sector of the economy, the multipurpose in the one becoming rapidly
expanding in urban areas of the nation since dynamic economic development of urban
economy requires the construction of these buildings in towns to support the growing of
business service sectors like supermarkets, Beauty salon, shops, offices cinemas, Computer
Center, Cafeterias, restaurant, assembly hall, guest house and other activities. In this regard,
mixed used building expands in the all parts of the country.
 Project Rationale
Internationally the economic growth this country is experiencing, the good governance
created and even if the town is in its nascent stage of development these project are the first
in kind in the town are feasible and would be a model development in promoting and
attracting different urban investments.
In order to respond to the created environment the town is in need of major, basic and
feasible urban projects to be developed.
The existing promising investment opportunities, the demands of service needs along with
relatively sound investment support made by the government in such kinds of feasible
projects, compelled the project promoter to initiate the multipurpose oriented business project
to be established. Despite the promising business opportunities of the town, the trend on such
kinds of investment found to minimal. Since there is no such kind of modern tourist facilities
and business station in the town to accommodate the existing demand of these services in the
town and the surrounding areas. The mismatch between the demand for and supply of such
kind of services in easily observed in the town.
Therefore, the existing shortage or absence in the supply of these services, along with its
commercial and administrative access, better location and infrastructure access, escalating
trend of urbanization and business activities, thus it is with such reason that this project is
identified and proposed and assumed to be more profitable.
In general, the country’s decentralized state based economy, privatized and free market
economy; good governance creates a favorable environment for the development of
investment for private investors.
 the significance of the project

The envisaged project deemed to add to the economic development of the nation in general
and zone and town in specific with following ways:
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A. Source of Revenue
As public policy of any nation, the government collects different forms of taxes from
different business organizations and individuals. Among the different forms of taxes,
business income taxes, payroll income tax and VAT are collected from undertaking business
activities. Therefore, the building will serve as sources of revenue for the town as well as for
the region.
B. Employment opportunity
One of the problems that our country faced is unemployment. Therefore, the current
objective of the government is working on tackling the problem of unemployment and
fostering the development process either through creating self employment or employment in
other organization. Hence, this project will hire 68 individuals and more than eighty
individual during construction.
C. Sources of social service

In addition to serving as a source of employment and income for the region, the project
renders social services for different group of people. Hence, it Is also provide the following
services;
 Serve as a source of mental satisfaction for the different users,

 Since, the center encompasses different recreational areas; it will divert the attention of
the users from different evil deeds.
 It deemed to minimize the demand for shops and other bundles of services in the area.
Furthermore, it serves as the pilot experience and ground for other investor to enter in to such
kinds of urban development. It also contributes on the efforts made on as a character given
building for physical development pattern of the townscape.
A. Aim of Project
This project is aimed for the establishment of multipurpose Mixed Building complex that
comprises Market center, Recreation area, Game zone, Office places, medical suites,
shopping center, super market, parking facilities, café and hotel components, etc
The historical nature of the town as business unique location in one of the most attractive
parts of the occurrence of the town along the along the Furi a fertile ground for future
promising growth of the town. The owner plans the project to render banking and insurance,
shopping facility, bank and cafeteria services to create high quality class to satisfy the
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interest of customers in the town. Based on environmental and other considerations, the
entrepreneur has determined the type and size of the building which is already determined by
the site; conceptual planning and preliminary analysis have been carried out by analysts.
In order to attract its clients to the service, the project will develop high standard shop &
banking rooms and office of best choices and will also save best quality restaurant and café,
national and international dish and various types of soft drinks.
1.1. Description of the project Service

The envisioned mixed purpose building will provide different rental services to the different
customer groups for different purpose. The building will have basement, ground and eight
floors. The purpose of the building explained as follows;
 the ground floor, first floor and second floor designed for different business centers
like banks, supermarket, beauty salon(man and women), Computer center,
pharmacy, internet café, boutiques, different shops and other business activities,
 The third floor designed for bed room services.
Besides, the buildings will have enough parking facility for its customers and green area in
its compound.
B. Production program
Considering the gradual growth of demand and the time required to develop the required skill
the rate of capacity utilization during the first, second, third and fourth year of production
will be 50%, 75%, 90% and 100% respectively. Full capacity utilization will be reached
during the fourth year of operation.
In order to provide mixed use business center building services of a high standard, it has been
planned to construct and develop the infrastructure and facilities that would viable to meet
the requirements of an international standard business center. Accordingly, various buildings
and facilities will be constructed phase by phase starting with the most needed ones that are
essential to commence the operation of its business activities. With the completion of
construction, the building will provide a combined service such as shops, bedroom,
restaurant and café service as well as modern business center that primarily serve its guests
and major clients.
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The plan is that the ground will be partitioned in to different rooms:
Building Description UOM Unit price in

Birr
Ground Supermarket, Pharmacy, Banking & Insurance M2 1000
1st floor Beauty salon, shop, Computer Center, Cafeteria Game M2 500
zone
2nd floor Different governmental, NGO & other offices M2 100
3rd floor Hotel M2 100
Parking Service M2 50
Green area M2 50
Total M2 2000
Since the project will be engaged in mixed building the main sources of its annual revenue
would be from the rental of building spaces such as shops, offices, and banking, café &
restaurant bedrooms. Therefore, the sources of revenue have been classified in to one
category namely the rental of banking & supermarket, offices, shops, bedrooms restaurant
and café based on these classifications. Based on the market price of similar mixed use
building in the area, the envisioned buildings set the following fair price (Before VAT) for its
service, hence when the building construction fully get operational it is assumed to generate a
yearly income of ETB 500,000,000.
4.2. Raw Materials, Production Process, Equipment’s, Machineries, Land and Civil
Work
4.2.1 Raw Materials

Construction materials and the environmental impacts of built facilities
The primary application of LCA in the built environment professions is to inform design
Decisions, in particular, provide quantitative data to guide the selection of construction
material, construction component and building system combinations which will reduce the
life cycle environmental impacts of a built facility. While the decisions made throughout the
building life cycle will influence the impact it can have on the environment, materials
choices made in the pre-use phase commit the major environment impacts which occur in the
use phase.
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Environmental concerns, for instance potential contributions to Climate Change must

therefore be addressed side by side with more traditional concerns such as thermal comfort,
health, safety, cost and maintenance from the planning and design stages. Studies have
shown that the opportunities to reduce the environmental impacts of a built facility decrease
substantially after the pre-use phase (Lloyd et al, 2005). A barrier to incorporation of
environmental concerns is however the time required for exploring various options to
capitalize on the environmental benefits; and the initial cost of the building is typically higher
(Janssen, 1999).
3 4 5
1 2 End-of-life
Construction On-site Facilityoperati
material Construction
Material onandmainte Stripping
fabrication
extraction and Foundation and nance
processing site earthwork, reusable
Timber concrete
products, Space and
fiber board,
pouring,
water heating,
materials,
Forest products structural
cellulose framing, space cooling,
coal and products, steel, appliances, knock-down,
roofing,
petroleum, aluminum mechanical and lighting
frames, electrical
site clearing,
plastic appliances, systems,
wire, paint, Facility disposal
products, solvents, plate
painting and
cleanup improvement
natural gas, glass, car+pet
and
iron, copper,
maintenance
zinc, materials
aluminum,
sand, stone,
PRE-USE PHASE
USE-PHASE EOL
limestone
Figure 2: The generic life cycle stages of a built facility
Use phase environmental impacts
The use phase may account for 70-90% (Keoleian et al, 2001; Adalberth et al, 2001) of the
total life cycle environmental impacts of a built facility. The environmental impacts of the
use phase are primarily due to energy consumption for purposes of heating, cooling, lighting
and operating domestic or commercial appliances; and materials use for purposes of facilities
maintenance/upkeep. In the area of building and construction LCAs there is consensus that
use phase impacts are dominated by energy consumption, Climate Change and Acidifying
emissions.
There is a strong correlation between materials used for the building envelope and intensity
of impacts. A study compared three homes of equal floor area designed primarily in wood,
Page 21
steel and concrete over the first 20 years of their lifespan. Relative to the wood design, the
steel and concrete designs (Wood Promotion Council, 2006):
 Release 24% and 47% more air pollutants
 Emit 34% and 81% more greenhouse gases
 Consume 26% and 57% more energy.
The contribution of a material to use phase impacts is directly related to the quantities used
during construction and maintenance. Due to the very large quantities used the three
categories of construction materials which contributed the most to environmental impacts
measured during the use phase of 25 commercial buildings located in Hong Kong were
concrete, steel reinforcement and the combination of plaster, render and screed . The
contributions of these top three to total environmental impacts varied between 46-65%.
Table 2: Environmental impacts of commercial buildings - the ten most
influential construction materials (adapted from Chau et al,)
Ranking Construction material % contribution to overall
environmental impacts of
building
1 Concrete 21.3
2 Reinforcing bar 16.0
3 Galvanised steel 11.4
4 Plaster, render and screed 10.9
5 Tiles 7.6
6 Stones 5.2
7 Aluminium 5.0
8 Structural steel 4.3
9 Access floor panel 4.1
10 Stainless steel 4.1
4.2.2. Production Process
1.1 Key features of the Life Cycle Assessment concept

To place construction on a truly sustainable path the green building movement needs a
method which goes beyond subjective checklists of green features. Such a method must
provide objective guidelines for a comprehensive assessment of the environmental impacts of
a product (or service). The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) concept previously known as Life
Cycle Analysis has emerged as one of the most appropriate tools for assessing product
related
Page 22
environmental impacts and for supporting an effective integration of environmental aspects

in industry, business and the economy. LCA is distinguished from Life Cycle Costing (LCC)
in that whereas the former involves environmental accounting the later is concerned with
economic value. LCA describes the entire industrial system involved in the making of a
product (or delivery ofa service). This approach provides a systematic opportunity to
anticipate problems and their solutions all along the life cycle from “cradle-to-grave”,
namely, from the acquisition of raw materials, manufacture of the product, distribution, use
and maintenance to disposal of the used product (Figure 1). Identified problems are also
traced through all environmental media, namely, air, water and soil. The systems perspective
of LCA avoids problem shifting from one life cycle stage to another, from one type of
problem to another and from one location to another (UNEP, 1996).The LCA procedure
investigates a wide range of environmental impacts associated with industrial products, for
instance, Climate Change, Acidification, Ozone depletion and Human
toxicity. Although the main driver for LCA is sustainable development, the methodology
does not yet incorporate criteria for measuring the social and economic dimensions. All
aspects of the environment, namely, human health, ecological health and natural resources
are however considered in a comprehensive manner. Potential environmental trade-offs can
thus be identified and assessed. The LCA procedure is standardized under the ISO 14040
subseries
4.2.4. Land, Building and Civil works

As indicated in part 1 the total land requirement for the project is estimated to be 500M2.The
land are planned to accommodate production houses, warehouse office building, loading and
unloading, waste accumulation, % 2 green area and parking. The land use plan for the
project is indicated in the table below:
Construction work and Technology

Construction schedule
The construction project is proposed to be started on august 2024 GC, and is expected to be
finished on January 2024 GC. as seen in the abbreviated construction schedule above, a
majority of the schedule’s time is made up of five major activities; Concrete, building
Enclosur, masonry, mechanical &HVAC and Electical install. Concrete activities include
processes such as placing foundations and slab on deck. The Building Enclosure Phase
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includes erecting the scaffolding that will allow for exterior sheathing installation and
bricklaying.
Mechanical and Electrical install coincide with each other due to the need for coordination
between the two divisions. There are several periods of construction during the schedule in
which there are multiple construction activities occurring at the same time.
The construction site must be organized accordingly as these processes take place. As with
any construction project, the goal of the schedule was to complete all construction activities
before the required Date of completion.
This date of completion is practical based on the time of year in which the building will be
completed. The team allowed a two week contingency for any setbacks. Typically, winter
construction tends to cause unforeseen delays that negatively impact a construction project.
These conditions can and will almost undoubtedly impact the project schedule by causing
unforeseen delays and project inefficiency.
Architectural Design & Layout

Although functional spaces for the project were laid out in significant detail, the rest of the
building had designated spaces but n set layouts. It was at the discretion of the project
promoter to devise typical layouts for the non-detailed commercial and office spaces. To
make sure that the building’s layouts were practical, the project owner researched typical
architectural layouts for laboratory and executive office spaces.
The walls and partitions throughout the floor were congruent with the structural frame and
column locations.
Structural design
One of principle deliverables of our project is the structural design of the building. The
structural bays were coordinated wit the layout of the building adjustments were made to the
bays if specific layouts are necessary. The frame was made up of a grid with repeating
standard structural bays. Included in the structural system are bay sizes, shape and size of
structural members, floor compositions and curtain walls. These elements were established to
resist gravity ad lateral loads as appropriate.
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4.2.5. Equipment’s and Machineries

Construction Phase: Loader, Grader, Generator, Dam Track etc. is required while during
Serves Provision Phase Computer, adding machine, Stove, Ferriage, cares for services, like
mini bus, pick up, motorcycle etc. is required.
4.2.6. Utilities
A number of utilities would be put in place in order to ensure smooth functioning of the
project. These utilities include:
A. Water Supply,
B. Telephone line
C. Supplementary Electricity supply,
D. Paved Road Transportation,
E. Drainage
F. Fuel
G. Oil and Lubricants
5. Physical Environment
5.1 Location
Furi sub-city Muda furi woreda districtis located in central part of Ethiopia finfinne special
zone .At present; the town has 8 administrative sub divisions or kebeles. Furi sub-city Furi
woreda districtis the major town in the former welmerawereda. The total area of the town is
76.5square kilometer. It is located 20km from addis to the west. The study area lies within90
3' N 380 30'E longitude. The elevation of the study area lies 2391m (7844ft) above mean sea
level (Furi sub-city Furi woreda districtsocio economic office2018
1.1.1 Topography
According to the zonal information, out of the total area, 64% is plain, up downs is 20% and
mountains are 16%.
1.1.2 Soil Types

The major soil type in the Zone as well as the project area are: red and black soil which has
water holding characteristics and heaviness for plowing during rainy seasons due to high clay
content, is good for agriculture with base saturation and weather able minerals and dominant
on the high land parts of the zone, dominantly occur on the steep slopes and are often
Page 25
shallow or have many rock outcrops and those developed on gentler slopes, however, have
good base saturation and fertility and can highly be important for agriculture. . Generally, the
fertility status of the soil of the zone is good and conducive for crop production. and also the
soil of the organization area is good for building no have such risk , if do properly designed..
1.1.3 Climate
Agro ecologically, the study area are classified as sub-tropical or it account
100%. The area receives higher rain fall at some part of the year. Te rain fall
pattern is bimodal highly erratic and
UN predictable in nature and its distribution most of the time extends from
June to August. It contains 43% of humidity and the wind direction of the
study area is 8km/hr at the east direction. (Furi sub-city Environmental
protection and rural land Administration office 2010). The rain fall data
from the year 1995-2017 show that 75% of the total rain fall occurs b/n
June to September. Based on the data from Furi sub-city Furi woreda
district metrological station 23% of the total amount of rain fall in the
month of April, May, October and November. And 2% occurs in January.
The highest and lowest rain falls of the study area 1100mm and 1040 mm
respectively. The annual maximum and minimum temperature of the study
area were 210C and 60C respectively. (Furi sub-city Furi woreda district
Agricultural and rural development office 2010).
1.1.4 Water Resource

Furi sub-city Furi woreda districtis naturally endowed with many rivers and streams. It has
high network or density of permanent rivers and streams. Gefersa lake river ranges are the
major water source for the major permanent rivers of the Zone. Drainage Pattern Furi sub-
city Furi woreda districtis naturally endowed with many rivers and streams. It has high
network or density of permanent rivers and streams. ranges are the major water source for
the major permanent rivers of the Zone. The annual rainfall in mm ranges from 800 to 1240
where as the amount of temperature i.e., the highest and the lowest in 0C is 25 and 9
respectively. The main or the biggest rivers that cross the zone local stream river.
Page 26
1.2 Biological Resources
1.2.1 Vegetation
The natural vegetation of the area covers of an area is determined mainly by the altitude,
temperature, amount of rainfall and parent material from which the soil has been derived and
type of human interference. Its coverage and composition also changes over time due to
human activities. According to some literatures and oral tells hundred years ago most parts of
the Furi sub-city Furi woreda district were covered with dense and Indigenous natural forest.
However, due to an increase in demands for cropland, residential, industrial, woods for
construction and firewood as a result of population growth, this type of forests almost have
been lost. Currently, some limited areas in the zone are some pockets of the zone that remain
with very few limited natural forest coverage. In the absence of human being interference,
the Zone has a potential to grow the following five types of vegetation/ forest.
The Afro alpine and sub Afro alpine Vegetation: This type of vegetation occurs in areas
above 3100 meters with temperature less than 100C and average precipitation varies from
800-1600 mm. The low temperature is an inhibiting factor for tree growth except some low
bushes, tufts grass and lichens.
The Coniferous Forest: This type of vegetation is referred as temperate forest and found in
cool to warm areas of the Zone. It is dominated by 30 to 40 meter high Junipers procera and
Podocarpus falcatus with its broad-leafed trees in its second layer. This type of vegetation is
best developed at altitude range of 2300 to 3100 meters with mean annual rainfall varying
from 500 to 1100 mm.
The Broad-leafed Forest: is found in the most humid parts of the Zone. The Grassland –The
dominant grasses are Cechrus ciliaris and Chrysopogon ancheria. It covers Northern part of
the zone, especially Furi sub-city Furi woreda district district.
Government Protected Forest: There are three high priority forest development regions
with like Most of these forests are natural and indigenous species around Furi sub-city Furi
woreda district.
These forests are being decreasing from year to year both in coverage and composition due to
illegal and legal destruction. The illegal deforestation activities include forest clearing for
expanding farm lands, local lumber production, fire wood, construction and charcoal
production which are practiced by farmers.
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1.2.2 Wild Life

The diverse climate and topographic phenomenon have provided a wide range of natural
environments, which form favorable habitat for a formation of wide variety of fauna and
flora in Oromia Region in general, and Furi sub-city Furi woreda district in particular.
However, due to uncontrolled hunting and destruction of their natural habitat as a result of
rapid population growth and related human activities, there is rapid decrease of wild life in
size, species and distribution. The purpose of hunting is to get social prestige or recognition,
however, which is reduced to some extent today. Some of the wild animals are hunted
because they are harm to domestic animals, crops and sometimes men.
Socio-Economic Environment
1.2.3 Population and Settlement Pattern

The current total population of the study area is 63139 of which 30938 are male and
32201female. Total the population density of the study area is about 38 persons per square
kilometer (Furi sub-city Muda furi woreda district, 2017).Religious activities practiced in the
study area include Christianity with different denominations like Protestant, Orthodox,
Adventist, and Catholic. Islam, Waqefata and indigenous beliefs are also being practiced in
the District (Furi sub-city muda Furi woreda districtsocio-economic profile, 2018).
1.2.4 Social Livelihood

The major area of differentiation between urban and rural areas is that their type and extent
of economic activities, whereby urban areas – as a general principle – composed of economic
activities, which are entirely non‐agricultural. The major economic activities in towns are:
manufacturing, wholesale and retail trade, hotels and restaurants, real estate, education,
health and other social work, construction activities, transport and warehouse services. On
the contrary, mixed agriculture (crop production and livestock), mining and quarrying are the
major economic activities in rural areas of the zone.
1.2.5 Education
As a general finding, both towns and rural areas can be regarded as having very low social
amenities. There are a total number of 348 schools at different class categories and a total
number of 160,260 students are learning in these schools. However for a total population of
702,593 with 55.93% (392,960) are found below the age 15, the existing school facilities are
not sufficient. No matter very proximate to the capital Finfinne, majority of the districts have
easy access to TVET and College, at different levels. Moreover, out of the total population
who must go to school only 53.56% are attending school, currently and the rest 46.44% or
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138,974 youngsters either do not have access to school or dropped out school as a result of
different socio‐economic reasons. With regard to professional composition of teachers,
majority of teachers (1,776 or 61.72%) in 343 schools at different class categories are
graduates of TTI (Teachers’ Training Institute), and 8.08% and 30.205 respectively are
degree and diploma holders. On average class to student and teacher to student ratio is 1:57,
which is more than the standard 1:40.
1.2.6 Public Health

A greater part of health institutions found in towns are owned by private, which is 55.96% of
the total health institutions are established and controlled by private. On the other hand,
68.75 % of health institutions in districts are categorized under health post. Next to private
clinics, rural drug vendors account 26.61%, among the total health institutions operating in
the eight major towns. None of the towns and districts possesses hospitals for higher ordered
health treatment.
1.2.7 Water Supply

In the zone even though there is a high need of clean water service coverage, still the potable
water supply coverage did not exceed half of the total need. During the year 1997 clean water
service coverage of the zone was only 19%. But by giving due attention by towns/ woreda
budget and/or government and non-government participation, there is a net increase of 30%
for the year 2001. Regarding the water scheme the zone has 564 different water distribution
schemes. The major sources of drinking water are unprotected spring, pond, rivers, well,
lakes and tap water in their order of importance. Safe and reliable water supply is most often
restricted to urban centers. However, the population supplied with potable water supply
varies from district to districts [i.e. 31% in Furi sub-city As a whole, the towns clean water
coverage is 45.94% where as that of Woreda’s is 53.7%. Data from zonal water desk shows
that there is a plan to deliver clean water service for the whole community by the coming five
year plan.
1.2.8 Energy Sources and Coverage

Energy sources can be traditional or modern. The major local energy sources are firewood,
animal dung, Charcoal, and farm residue both in rural and urban areas of the Zone, according
to their order of importance, which consequently intensifies deforestation rate and minimize
the role of manures as natural fertilizer in the zone. The modern energy sources are
electricity, biogas, fossil fuel, wind energy and solar energy. Currently, there are 6 towns to
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be registered as urban centers in the Zone of which all urban areas have been supplied with
hydro electric power system and 8 of the rural Kebeles are also supplied with hydro electric
power supply.
1.3 Historical, Cultural, Religious and Archeological Resources

Due to long lasted period of settlement, both towns and districts are characterized by very
low coverage of vegetation and natural forest. On the other hand, the area is endowed with
different cultural heritages. Particularly, it is the crucial point for the Tulama Oromo,
whereby several I reecho ceremony and the traditional indigenous Gada administration take
place. Moreover, it is a starting point for the above Oromo group move to the other parts of
the country. Religious and ethnic composition are the major components of demographic
feature of a nation, however, none of the towns clearly know the exact composition of
residents’ religious and ethnic composition. But some data sources show that Orthodox
Christianity, Muslim and Protestant are the major ones followed by the surrounding
community. Moreover, all types of population dynamics are crude birth rate, general fertility
rate, total fertility rate, crude death rate, and expectancy of life at birth and infant mortality
rate are not known. There is no archeological heritage observed by the study team.
1.4 Public Consultation and Social Acceptability of the Project

Public Consultation was undertaken in two phases, one for identifying issues (scoping) and
the other one during impact study. During the impact study individuals who are living around
the project site were informally interviewed. The consultation involved residents living in the
area close to the industrial zone. The participants were from different group that are living in
the target community. Due to the large number of unemployed persons and the long distance
they are traveling to get a job, during the public consultation it was noticed that the local
peoples have a positive attitude to the implementation of the proposed project .
1.5 Gender Equity Issues

There is gender inequality in the project area as it is the case in most part of Ethiopia.
Woman manage the bulk of house hold affairs in the area, like food preparation and
marketing, fetching water, collecting fire wood, and caring for children, the elderly and the
sick. On fields, they work with men in land leveling, weeding and harvesting. They are also
responsible for milking and providing fodders for animals, mainly cows which graze the
homestead.
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2 IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

CONDITIONS GENERAL
The PESIA of the project activities was determined by identifying the environmental aspects
and then undertaking an environmental risk assessment to determine the significant
environmental aspects. The environmental impact assessment has included all phases of the
project namely construction phase and operational phase.
The building has both positive and negative impact
Positive impact of the project
The positive impact of the project is:-
 Generation of employment opportunity

 Source income for the government through business income tax
 Income generation for the promoter
 Being exemplary for other investors who want to engage in the same business line.
Negative impact of the project
The project has the following negative impacts:
1. noise and Dust emission during Construction

There are some noises during the construction due to the construction operation and
the company will use construct the construction during the day time. Again there is
the emission of dust which will be mitigated by sprinkling water on the service.
2. problem on workers on construction

During construction there are some problems that will materialize on workers. These are:
damage on operation by using machines, construction materials and others. To mitigate such
impact the company will provide safety insurance and safety equipments.
3. sewages during operation

During operation there are some wastes emitting from the mixed use building. These are
wastes from the latrine and will be mitigated by using modern waste treatment technology
This part of the report addresses potential impacts associated with the proposed project and
measures for mitigating (i.e. avoidance, reduction, or restoration of) the negative impacts,
and enhancing (i.e. improvements of) positive effects of the project. The major positive
impacts of the proposed project are mainly those of economic benefits at the national,
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regional and local level due to earnings of foreign exchange and creation of employment as
well as technology transfer local people, while adverse impacts are mainly related to wastes
generating from the production processes of factory.
6.1 Positive impacts

The development of this project will have several significant positive impacts both locally
and nationally. The project has positive impacts on the environment and the community
nearby. The potential positive impacts of the project can be explained as follows.
6.1.1 Design phase

6.1.1.1 Creation of Employment and Business opportunities
The design phase of the project will create employment and business opportunities for
various professionals/consultants who will be involved in the planning stages of the project.
They will include: project managers, engineers, architects, building economists, land
surveyors, environmentalists, economists, urban planners among others. These professionals
may be employed directly in the project or be consultants whose services will be procured.
6.1.1.2 Generation of Income and Source for Government Revenue

Income generated from the consultancies and services undertaken will provide income which
will be taxed and generate revenue for the region and our country. In addition, fees levied for
the submission of plans to the local authorities and state agencies for approval and
application for services will generate revenue that is used to meet the various governmental
goals and objectives.
Additionally in order to operationalize the proposed project financial resources will have to
be mobilized and these will be injected into the economy. These resources will be used for
the services involved in the design and planning of the project and also acquiring the raw
materials of the project.
6.1.1.3 Environmental opportunities
The design phase of the project will also present opportunities for green/sustainable
designing of the project, which support the minimization of environmental impacts whilst
fortifying the project to achieve its intended objectives. It’s at this stage that the opportunities
which will enable the project achieve a sustainable development are discovered, explored and
integrated into the project.
6.2.2 Construction phase
6.2.2.1 Creation of Employment
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The activities involved in the erection, maintenance and management of the proposed houses
will generate employment i.e. employees involved in the production, sale and transportation
of the buildings materials, construction of the building, maintenance of the building and
management (caretaker, domestic staff etc.). Security services, cleaning and waste collection
are also some of the services that will benefit indirectly. Other employment opportunities that
will be created will include for workers involved in the civil and interior works of
construction such as engineers, masons, foremen, bricklayers, machine operators, interior
designers, electricians, masons etc.
6.2.2.2 Market for goods and services

To facilitate the construction activities goods and services including raw materials, plumbing
services, electrical fittings, transport landscaping and finishing. It therefore offers a market
for these goods and services promoting the primary and secondary sectors involved in their
procurement such as: quarrying and brick production; furniture and carpentry; glass
production; plant and gardening; tarmac, asphalt and bitumen; chemicals; building
contractors; electric fittings; plumbing fittings and water infrastructure etc.
6.2.2.3 Increased population
The influx of labour into the area and subsequent people/workers to service them or provide
them with goods such as food will be another positive impact of the proposed project. This is
taken as positive since the population increase if sustainable will create additional market for
goods and services offered in the area, increase the amount of mobilized capital and also
increase the social capital in the area.
6.2.2.4 Increased Economic Activities and Revenue
The construction phase of the project will also increase the economic activities in the region,
and revenue for the Federal government through taxes, through businesses that will be
formed to service the increased population. These services include health, food and nutrition,
transport and recreation that the workers taking part in the construction will require from
time to time.
6.2.3 Operational phase

6.2.3.1 Increased Commercial Viability
The establishment of the project in the area, the goods and services it will offer will increase
the commercial viability of the area and will consequently increase the land values in the
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surrounding area due to the potential high returns after development. This will attract more
high income investors into the region as well as more middle income groups as settlers.
6.2.3.2 Creation of Employment Opportunities
The proposed project will create employment in three tiers, with the first being the staff that
will be primarily involved in its implementation, supervision and maintenance. The second
tier will be staff for the businesses that will formed in the commercial and retail area and
those involved in these businesses supply and value chains. The third tier of employment
creation will be for the people who will take the opportunities presented to service the
increased population and the population’s amenities.
Through these three tiers the project will create employment for high level staff, middle level
staff and low level staff in line with all development policies in the country and the region.
Also through the third tier and low level staff, the project will in advertently create jobs for
locals since this has always been the case with projects of similar nature due to the fact that
the locals are readily available and have the shortest access time to the site.
It is also important to note that all these employees will be taxed and generate revenue for the
taxman thereby contributing to more state implemented development projects.
6.2.3.3 Increased Accommodation/Housing
The project will also increase the amount and quality of housing available in the country
through the residential area with commercial units. rent Housing trade is challenge in the
county mainly due to the high population growth rate therefore the project will contribute to
solving this problem and in line with development policies such as Vision 2030.
5.2.3.4 Increased Access to Goods, Services and Social Amenities
The commercial area of the project will increase access to quality goods and services that
encompass those that will be provided by the shops, supermarket and businesses. Also the
recreational facilities created by the project will increase both the social facilities and health
of the region, which is psychologically linked to human wellbeing and productivity. This will
stimulate other economic activities linked to these services and goods on top of improving
the quality of life that is linked this access of goods and services.
6.2.3.5 Increased Economic Activities and Government Revenue

The project will also increase the economic activities that will be carried in the area through
those that will be primarily because of: the project’s internal and ancillary activities; its
supply chain; its value chain, and those that will be formed because of the project to support
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its occupants. The latter includes businesses that may form around the project site such as
shops, kiosks and transport.
All these businesses activities will be taxed and generate revenue for the government in
addition to providing a market for their supply and value chains.
6.2.3.6 Stimulation to Urban Development
Cumulatively with other developments in the area the project will lead to turning the area
from a lower tier urban area to at least a middle tier urban area. This has benefits of
increasing the quality of life and revenue generation from increased activities. It is predicted
that the project will increase the viability of the area to develop more residential areas and
commercial establishments since it will increase the market and labour available, and the
socioeconomic status of the region.
6.2.3.7 Aesthetic Enhancements

The proposed project will result in beautification of the locality. This will include
establishment and maintenance of flower beds and greenery belt. The design concept has
been inspired by modern lifestyle expectation of space interacting with nature to produce
lifestyle targets which uphold current quality of living.
6.2.3.8 Improved Roads
The improvement and development of the project’s access road from the Outer Ring Road
round about as part of the project will increase the amount and quality of roads in the area.
This will improve access to the neighborhoods and commercial establishments lying in the
South western region of the project and therefore increase their business activities. This will
also be in line with local and national development policies that recognize the importance of
roads and infrastructure towards development.
6.2.3.9 Population Increase
From the influx of labour and economic opportunities resultant of the project, the population
of the region will be increased. This will be positive if the increase is sustainable on the basis
of the opportunities and services available leading to the population being an increase in
human and social capital as well as market for the various goods and services sold in the
area.
6.2.3.10 Impetus to Improve Amenities and Services
An increase in population to the area will provide an impetus for the County and the region
to improve the much needed amenities and infrastructure to the area. It will provide a
stronger lobbing group. The influx will also provide an impetus to develop shared facilities
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i.e. schools, hospitals, shops. This will have the indirect effect of creating job opportunities in
the area. Companies also in the business of providing services such as telecommunication
will also be encouraged to extend their networks to the region since it will be a ready and
capable market for their services.
6.2. Adverse Impact Assessment

The environmental impacts that could arise in the course of implementing this project are of
three phases namely during pre-construction, construction phase and operation phase.
6.2.1. Pre-construction Phase Impacts

The project will hold own land hence no impact on pre-construction.
6.2.2. Impact during construction phase

The activities during the construction phase are planning and positioning of buildings,
constructing buildings for different purposes and excavation work. The excavated material
during the construction will be kept as a dike surrounding the pit. The possible impacts due
to these activities are discussed below:
Loss of Flora and Faunal Habitats
Vegetation has a great effect on the general and localized environment and normally can
modify microclimate. Usually, the flora creates a good environment for habitats thus the two
may go together more often than not. In consequence, de-vegetation during construction may
result to negative effects on the fauna by creating a disturbance.
The vegetation is important in as food and habitat for various animals. It also assists in
maintaining the structure of the soil by holding the particles together. This enables the soil
microorganisms to flourish as their habitat; the soil is stable. This in turn allows the
organisms easily convert the dead leaves and plans to humus which helps enrich the soil as
well as preventing soil erosion. Converting the land area into a mostly built environment will
minimize the natural process of the existing vegetation.
Changes in Surface and Sub-Surface Hydrology
Together with the loss of flora, changing the characteristics of the project site from its present
state to a more built state (85-90% built) and changing the soil’s characteristics, the proposed
project will lead to a change in the water regime at the project site. This is because the built
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areas will increase run-off while reducing percolation of water into the ground and thereby
also changing the sub-surface hydrology.
The wastes from the construction activities also pose a threat to the quality of water that will
be drained from the site through run-off and this may pollute aquifers and River surrounding
area.
6.2.2.1. Impact on Soil Quality

The construction of the proposed plant will disrupt the land and soil strata, but the disruption
is for positive causes and the impact will be permanent.
Changes in soil characteristics

Several changes in the characteristics of the soil may result due to the excavation and
compaction of soil for the foundation. The excavation may lead to losses in the accumulated
soil carbon and this is known source of GHGs i.e. CO2. Additively this excavation can also
alter the soil’s structural stability and reducing its structural integrity.
Compacting the soil to lay the foundation, erecting temporary structures, and also from the
heavy vehicles (trucks, tractors etc.) can reduce the soil’s percolative ability and thereby
increasing run-off either on the specific routes or large area. Together with the laying of
foundation and erecting of ancillary structures, this will further lead to changes in surface and
sub-surface hydrology by changing the flow and recharge rates at the project site.
6.2.2.2. Impact on Air Quality

During construction phase, suspended particulate matter will be the main pollutant, which
will be generated due to the site development activities and vehicular movement, because of
vehicular traffic there may be a marginal increase in the concentrations of NOx and SO 2. The
impact of such activities would be temporary and restricted to the construction phase only.
Proper upkeep and maintenance of vehicles, sprinkling of water on roads at construction site,
providing sufficient vegetation etc. are some of the proposed measures that would greatly
reduce the impact on the air quality during the construction phase of the project. The impact
of such activities would be temporary and restricted to the construction phase only and will
be confined within the project premises.
The works involved in this phase of this project will also emit various air pollutants which
can have both negative effects on both human and environmental health. One of these is
dusts from the soil excavation, carving of bricks and movement of trucks on loose top soil
after the land has been cleared. Excavations and the use of cement and sand among other
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like-materials are bound to increase the dust and particle levels in the air around the
development area. Such effects should be avoided through the use of dust screens. Workers
at the site should also be provided with protective clothing to avoid negative health effects
Also engines burning fossil fuels (vehicular and generators) will emit oxides of Carbon,
Sulphur and Nitrogen, and these also pose risks to human and environmental health on top
some of them being GHGs such as (CO2).
Welding operations will also emit gases and fumes such as ozone, chromium particularly in
its hexavalent state (Cr6+), nickel (potential carcinogens), cadmium and lead10, whilst others
include: NOx, NO2, CO, CO2, O3 from mild and stainless steel welding6. The health effects
of exposure to these fumes can include irritation of the upper respiratory tract (nose and
throat), tightness in the chest, wheezing, metal fume fever, lung damage, bronchitis,
pneumonia or emphysema. While particulate welding fume is usually fairly easy to see,
gaseous fumes are invisible
6.2.2.3. Impact on Water Quality

Water requirement for construction phase will be met by own borewells and through tankers.
The local labour force will be deployed during construction phase and no colony would be
proposed as the workers will be employed from the nearby local village. Minor impact is
envisaged on ground water source during construction phase, which will be temporary.
However necessary permission will be taken from the concerned authority. There is no
surface water body in construction site. The sewage generated during construction at site will
be disposed into septic tank and soak pit. Hence the effect on the water body is minimal.
6.2.2.4. Impact on Noise Levels

The major sources of noise during the construction phase are vehicular traffic & construction
equipment like concrete mixers, cranes, generators, pumps, compressors etc. The noise level
expected due to operation of the equipment range between 70 – 75 dB(A). The noise
produced during construction will have a significant impact on the existing ambient noise
levels. However, the proponent will be provided to workers at site and construction
machinery will be maintained properly to check on noise and emission levels within
prescribed limits.
The construction activities and processes will also generate noise above the ambient levels of
the area. One of the sources of this noise would be from the trucks’ and tractor’s engines
moving in the area either undertaking the civil works or ferrying materials, wastes and
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equipment to and fro the project site and these will form the mobile sources of noise during
this phase. Some point sources of noise will include civil works which will be operation
specific or localized at the site due to the scope of the activities. This category of noise will
include activities such as excavation, hammering, sawing, grinding; moving of material to
and fro storage and also the use of generators.
One of the risks of the noise would be to the surrounding areas where they may create a
nuisance or disturbance. Whereas at the site the loud noises pose a risk to the workers and
site personnel since loud noises increase the risk of ear damage and deafness. Table 6-
2below shows some of the levels of noise that can emitted from the project’s activities during
this phase.
Table: Noise Levels of Some Construction Equipment
There will be an increase in the levels of noise in the construction site owing to the nature of
machinery in use and the activities such as drilling and excavation. The normal levels of 55
decibels recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) will be surpassed in the
duration of the construction process. However, this is a minor negative impact since the site
area is largely an free open area with sparse residential settlement.
6.2.2.5. Solid waste

Millions of tones of solid waste is generated annually by human beings and may therefore
pose great hazard if there are no proper disposal and handling systems. The construction
phase will also lead to generation of construction wastes from the civil works and operations
on the materials involved in the processes. These wastes include: plastics, metal shavings, wood
shavings, food wastes, plants, gases (Carbon, Nitrous and Sulphur us Oxides), fumes (from glues and
other hydrocarbons), stone shavings, ceramics, bricks, glass, cardboard, soil, cement, asphalt, sand,
concrete, paper, paints, sealants, adhesives, fasteners, construction effluent (grey water).
This phase will also lead to generation of waste heat through its run-off (water used for
cooling) and the electric and diesel machines used in the construction activities. The waste
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heat can contribute cumulatively with other projects/activities in the area to change the
microclimate, while waste heat in run-off can lead thermal pollution if it eventually drains
into River near by surrounding the project area.
This type of waste poses risks to both human and environmental health and thus the proposed
project would require an adequate waste management strategy, occupational health and
safety strategy, and hazardous material safety plan. Some environmental impacts would
include soil contamination, water and air pollution, whereas health risks include: breathing
complications and respiratory diseases, cancer, skin disorders, poisoning etc.
6.2.2.6. Health and safety

The health and safety of workers will be at risk due to generation of particulate matter and
noise during construction if not managed well. Careful attention will therefore be given to
mitigation of dust, noise, vibration and other hazards in the work environment.
Several OSH risks will occur from the activities, processes, materials and equipment
involved in the construction phase of the project. These risks are listed in Table below
alongside their source.
Table: Construction Phase OSH Risks
Increased Pressure on Utilities

The processes and activities involved in the construction of the project would place added
pressure on infrastructure services and utilities such as roads, water, drainage and energy.
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This may contribute to service disruptions since the utility and service requirements of this
stage are intensive. This impact is made more probable due to the challenges faced in the
county to provide these services and compounded by the growth of the population.
Increased Heavy Traffic
In this phase, the main roads leading to the site area will serve the additional vehicles used
for the transportation of materials, equipment and staff to the site. Thus together with other
developments the project will contribute to increasing the amount of heavy traffic plying the
roads around it. Heavy trucks not have the risk of causing accidents due to their limited
maneuverability but also place added pressure on the roads and can lead to failure (cracks
and potholes). This is failure is however a combination of factors including:
o the total of trips of heavy trucks
o the strength of the roads in context of carrying the heavy loads, and
o the resilience of the roads towards weathering.
Although Road is being upgraded the roads in the neighborhoods and other access roads in
the wider region remain in a poor state or are not up to the standards that Furi sub-city Furi
woreda district Road is being upgraded to. Therefore, they will be most at risk of failure or
dilapidation from the cumulative pressure placed on them by the construction projects
targeting the area.
Population Influx
During the construction phase, there will be an influx of people mainly working in the
development. There will also be an increase of population due to the opportunities presented
in providing goods and services to primary population increment for the construction
activities and employees. This secondary increase will mainly entail retailers of foodstuffs
and other commodities. Waste from such commodities might pollute the area if a designated
dumping place is not allocated. The population will increase since the opportunities will be
open to both local and people from other areas and thereby increasing the population.
This increase in population will create pressure on utilities as well as present social risks
through the interaction of people. Also, it may present a security risk since people will with
ill intentions may see an opportunity in the belongings of those attracted by the project for
economic reasons.
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6.2.3. Impact during Operation Phase
6.2.3.1. Environmental Risk during Production

The impacts that could arise from the project are mainly during the operation phase of the
project. Our approach is to seek to design out polluting materials and processes and
increasingly to adopt sustainable materials instead. We have planned a number of initiatives
to put in place during production process.
 Material selection policy

 Uses of recycled materials
 Control and monitoring of restricted substances.
By working with the environmental authority we will strive to continually identify

environmental impacts throughout the lifecycle of project product or services and explores
solutions to these impacts that benefit both the environment and business.
Increased Pressure on Available Utilities

The expected increase in population and the needs of this population would place more
pressure on infrastructure, utilities and social amenities in the area during the operational
phase of the project. This may mainly be at the early stages of the project since they may not
be capable to handle the extra demand created especially during rush hours. These services
also encompass security as the project may attract people with different motives to the area.
The increased demand has been estimated to be 8.0 MVA for electricity and 1,200 m3/day
for water although not all of this will be placed on existing systems, since the project will use
other on-site options, a considerable amount of demand will be placed on KPLC’s and
NCWSC’s network. Additionally the roads in the area will experience more traffic due this
increased in population and this can cause more or increase the duration of traffic jams as
well as increase the probability of traffic hazards,
Increased Land Values and Land Use Changes

It is predicted that because of the project and other projects being carried out in the area the
values of land in the area may increase at rates significantly more than normal. This is
because the increase in population will increase demand for land and since its supply can’t be
increased, the value of land will increase. Also, these projects will cumulatively turn the area
into a more commercial and middle income region therefore pushing the value per acre in the
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region since more and more commercial establishments and higher value residential areas
will be created out of opportunity.
This increase of land values and attraction of businesses to the area will cause land use
changes in the region both in terms of uses of land (residential to commercial) and changing
its character (vegetated areas to built-up areas). This will have impacts of loss of vegetation
and emissions of GHGs on top of increasing the cost of living in the region, which may
socially push the residents of the region further away if their econometric capacities are not
improved in commensurate.
It is important to note that the project in its self can’t lead to this impact since it will only
involve land use change at the site but its combination with other projects in the area can
possibly cause this impact.
Micro-Climate Modification
Though the project area is quite small to cause any considerable microclimate change it bears
the potential of adding to cumulative effects of other infrastructural development that
together emit GHGs. Change in land surface from natural vegetation to manmade built
landscape will have an effect on the area microclimate by reducing the amount of
evapotranspiration from the vegetation in the area which are also a GHG sink.
The microclimate will also be modified by the project activities that produce waste heat
(emitted heat) and this will result in the area producing more heat than originally emitted
without the project. Waste heat will be produced from vehicles, electronics, generators, water
pump, air conditioning etc.
Security Threats
The proposed project will attract a variety of people to the region either as residents, business
people, suppliers, visitors and customers. Their variety of economic and social activities will
also generate income and increase both the economic and social capital in the area. These
may attract thieves to the area since they may target either the businesses or the people
themselves and their belongings. Also, the diversity of people in the project during its
operational phase and the creation of a hub by the project may also be a target for terrorists as
has been experienced in the past where malls have been put on high alert towards terror
threats.
Socio cultural Impacts
The proposed project will involve a mixed use development that will attract different citizens
and foreigners to the site. Social cohesion and blending with the existing communities may
Page 43
pose a conflict of interests in the short term since the influx population will come with their
differing cultural and social
Practices. The locals may also be forced to move from the area if the land values increase and
they end being bought out to pave way for more commercial developments that are predicted
to occur in the region. Thus they would face a loss of social control and ownership to the
region if this happens and economic segregation may occur on the basis of richer middle and
upper class moving into the area and displacing the local lower class.
However this may be treated as a minor impact since most communities in Kenya are
welcoming and easy to interact with. Also since Nairobi is a predominantly urban and
developed area that has a higher level of social permissiveness than most other urban areas in
the country.
Social interactions and increased population may also present public health risks from
communicable diseases such as respiratory diseases, HIV/AIDS, typhoid and cholera
amongst others. The latter two diseases can be caused as result of increased population
without commensurate services in sanitation, whilst the increase in population alone will
place pressure on available medical and health care.
Increased Air Pollution
Cumulatively with other projects and activities carried out in the area the proposed project
will emit pollutants to the air that present risks to human and ecosystem health. Table below
delineates some of the air pollutants expected from the project and the environmental and
social aspects that they present a risk on.
It is also important to note that there are no air pollution laws in the country and this creates a
problem in terms of regulating this impact and it is thus proposed for the project to use
international guidelines such as those provided by the WHO.
Increased Surface run-off
The paved surfaces and the project structures created from the construction phase of the
project can lead to increased run-off by preventing the natural percolation of water through
the soil. This will also aggregate to the changes in the surface and subsurface hydrology as a
result of the project.
Additionally the increased run-off may lead to soil erosion in the areas where the water
drains off to or drainage blockages by overloading the present drainage systems in the area.
The increased run-off from the project and other construction projects may also cumulatively
cause urban flooding and inundation of low lying areas during the rainy season.
Page 44
6.2.3.2. Noise
During operational stage possible noise generation will be as a result of vehicular movement
to and from the premises and also from the generators that would be installed to provide
alternative power supply.
The activities of this phase of the project will also generate noise and these will be from
various point sources such as if diesel generators without silencers are used and also any
repair works that may be carried as necessitated by the project’s operations. Mobile sources
of noise will mainly include cars and the trucks that will be ferrying goods to the project.
Although the noise levels emitted during this stage will be less than during the construction
the impact will have more receptors since there will be more people in the area as a direct
result of the project being operational.
6.2.3.3. Waste water

The water is only used for sanitation; therefore it does not contain pollutants they should
have prepared septic tank.
Generation of waste
Several waste streams will be generated from the operational phase of the building and these
have are delineated in Table below alongside their sources and risks they present if not
properly managed.
Table: Operational Phase Wastes
Thus a plan to manage the OSH risks during this stage will also enable the proposed project
will also be important and necessary.
6.2.3.4 Health and Environmental Risk
Page 45
The PESIA of the project activities was determined by identifying the environmental aspects
and then undertaking an environmental risk assessment to determine the significant
environmental aspects. The environmental impact assessment has included all phases of the
project namely construction phase and operational phase.
The building has both positive and negative impact
Positive impact of the project
The positive impact of the project is:-
 Generation of employment opportunity

 Source income for the government through business income tax
 Income generation for the promoter
 Being exemplary for other investors who want to engage in the same business line.
Negative impact of the project
The project has the following negative impacts:
Noise and Dust emission during Construction

There are some noises during the construction due to the construction operation and the
company will use construct the construction during the day time. Again there is the emission
of dust which will be mitigated by sprinkling water on the service.
Problem on workers on construction

During construction, there are some problems that will materialize on workers. These are:
damage on operation by using machines, construction materials and others. To mitigate such
impact the company will provide safety insurance and safety equipments.
Swages during operation

During operation, there are some wastes emitting from the construction manufacturing.
These are wastes from the latrine and will be mitigated by using modern waste treatment
technology.
Page 46
6.4. Mitigation of Significant Impacts
6.4.1. Constructional phase impacts mitigation measures

Most of the impacts identified during the construction phase assessed to be of negligible to
low significance with the implemented of mitigation measures. Measures to prevent, reduce
or mitigate the negative effects of the proposed project are therefore described below.
6.4.1.1. Noise and vibration

The Generating plant set would be used as back up in the event power trips. It will be housed
in a honeycomb structure and would be fully lagged with noise-proof materials. Expected
humming from the generators when in operation will not exceed 60 decibels.
This is expected to minimize the noise and vibration. Because of the open ocean conditions
in which drilling would take place within short duration, the significance of turbid plumes,
release of chemical drilling additives, and the smothering of benthic organisms, the
significance of these impacts would be negligible.
During construction, use sound-proof equipment and construction machinery causing less
noise pollution
6.4.1.2. Soil and Water
 Manage site operations so as to avoid unnecessary ground stamping by machinery,

backfilling with construction material and waste, and pollution with fuels and
lubricants.
 Maintain regularly machinery and equipment.
 Provide for a mobile sanitary chemical unit for sanitary waste water, and empty and
clean/maintain it regularly
 Where fuel tanks for machines and the plant are located at site, ensure that they have
two linings and that they are placed in a catch basin Make available on site suitable
absorbing agents for cleaning up polluted soil in the event of fuel or lubricant leakage
from the plant and machines.
6.4.1.3. Solid waste

The task will be contracted to dispose of solid wastes to be generated during the occupancy
phase of the project. Other private solid waste operators will also be contracted to augment
the mechanism to be instituted to dispose off all solid waste.
Page 47
 Collect and select by types waste generated during construction.

 Organize waste carting and disposal depending on project construction schedule.
 Provide for the carting to an appropriate waste disposal site of construction waste,
generated during construction (concrete, stone, excavation soil), which can be used in
plant construction and location renovation/clean-up.
 Use metal waste generated during construction as secondary raw materials.
 Dispose hazardous waste generated during construction through an approved
hazardous waste collector
6.4.1.4. Health and safety

Concerns on occupational health and safety issues with respect to requirement of factories,
offices and shops would be strictly observed. Proper health and safety equipment will be
provided for all workers and an in-house health and safety protocol shall be adhered to. All
chemical usage would be carried out with utmost care following standard procedures.
Further, all used chemicals shall be disposed off adequately and cautiously. Additionally,
warning signs shall be erected.
6.4.1.5. Air (Visual intrusion)

During the construction phase, dust and particulate matter likely to be generated would be
controlled by regular sprinkling of water within the vicinity to suppress their resuspension.
6.4.2 Operational Phase Impacts mitigation measures
6.4.2.1. Noise
The stand-by generators would be placed in a honeycomb structure and each plant set would
have a silencer and lagging (sound proof casing) around the engine to control noise
generation. It is therefore unlikely that the generator would increase the ambient noise levels
significantly above the existing range of 38.4-67.8 dB (A).
Take following operational measures at noise sources:
 Maintain devices and pieces of equipment regularly
 Meet plant standards/rules and follow instructions for the operation of particular
devices and equipment (keeping the doors and other openings on the buildings during
plant operation open, the run/operation of devices and machines in the designed mode
of operation, etc.)
Page 48
6.4.2.2. Air quality

Sulphur dioxide (SO2), smoke, carbon monoxide (CO) and other gaseous pollutants will
constitute major emissions when the generator comes on-line following a power outage.
Adequate dispersion of gases is anticipated in view of the high prevailing wind speed that
exists throughout the year. A stack height of at least 5 m (from ground level) will be
connected to the generator exhaust to enhance dispersion of gaseous and particulate
emissions.
6.4.2.3. Waste
 Provide for separate collection of waste by the type of waste.

 For production wastes, cut-offs and post-consumer wastes from which plastic can be
separated easily, mechanical recycling provides an environmental advantage.
6.4.2.4. Working Environment/ Workplace Risk

Concerns on occupational health and safety issues with respect to requirement of factories,
offices and shops would be strictly observed. Proper health and safety equipment will be
provided for all workers and an in-house health and safety protocol shall be adhered to. All
chemical usage would be carried out with utmost care following standard procedures.
Further, all used chemicals shall be disposed off adequately and cautiously. Additionally,
warning signs shall be erected. In general the company will follow the following mitigation
measures;
 Providing the proper safety first procedures
o Protection clothing
o Chemical resistant safety shoes
o Goggles to avoid irritation to the respiratory track due to exposure for polymer
granules during primary mixing etc.
 In general the buildings must be capable of being kept clean and provision
should be made for keeping the sewerages drained out properly and room temperature
is attained to keep healthy environment.
 Periodic checkup for workers in chemical for contamination.
 Provide adequate first aid equipment on major sites
Page 49
 The last but not the least, the company understood all the Environmental and
Health Risks in the post-consumer phase of the life cycle of the products and will
strive to get sound solution with the local Environmental authority.
7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
7.1 General overview

Environmental management is concerned with implementation of the measures necessary to
minimize or offset adverse impacts and to enhance beneficial impacts. Unless the mitigation
and benefit enhancement measures identified in the PESIA are fully implemented, the prime
function of EIA, which is to provide a basis for shaping the project so that overall
environmental performance is enhanced, cannot be achieved.
In order to be effective, environmental management must be fully integrated with the overall
project management effort at all levels, which itself should be aimed at providing a high level
of quality control, leading to a project which has been properly designed and constructed and
functions efficiently throughout its life. Hence, the overall goal of the Environmental
Management Plan (EMP) of the project is to minimize adverse impacts of the project by
managing and implementing the proposed impact alleviation measures and good working
practices.
Under this section specific management activities (at construction and operation phases) to
overcome possible impacts of the project are outlined.
7.2. Pre-Construction Phase

Prior to the construction and installation of the envisioned plant, environmental management
will be considered with five principal groups:
 Ensuring that all government and concerned agency requirements and procedures
related to EIA are complete with
 Implementation of land acquisition procedures including the payment of
compensation if any,
 Selecting of technologies and equipments and process units in a manner that
minimizes adverse impacts and enhancing beneficial impacts,
 Preparation of detail designs for the plant layout, which incorporate specific features
aimed at minimizing adverse impacts and enhancing beneficial impacts.
Page 50
 Preparation of contract documents which contain appropriate clause to allow control

of impacts arising from constructing the plant.
As the project promoter, will be responsible for handling the above issues before the
commencement of the construction; the proponent will hire an environmentalist and health
personnel consultants that facilitate these activities and inter institutional relationships for the
environmental management and other construction activities as well.
The Furi Sub - City Administration’s Environmental Protection Authority will also be
responsible for ensuring that its own environmental requirements are fully met in the PESIA
study report. The other partners, development banks, are also responsible government and
non-governmental agencies that will be responsible for ensuring procedural consistency of
the project for providing a loan.
7.3. Construction Phase

During construction and installation of the plant units, the contractor will be responsible for
implementing the environmental mitigation measures proposed in this PESIA study report.
The construction supervisor shall monitor impacts and their proper implementation of
mitigation measures. He/She will be fully responsible for ensuring that all the works to be
carried out in accordance with the specifications and designs, that the environmental impacts
will be taken into the consideration and that good workmanship be followed. He/She should
be empowered to deal within fragments at the time and on the spot.
It is also proposed that an environmental inspector to be arranged by the proponent. The

major environmental management issues to be undertaken during the construction phase are
presented in the following subsections.
7.3.1. Site Preparation Management

Site preparation management is handled by experts experienced in the field.
7.3.2. Waste Management

All solid and liquid wastes generated from the construction activities should be managed
properly. Solid wastes must be collected and burnt in a burn pit specially created for this
purpose. These burning pits must be placed away from the groundwater well head and the
seasonal wetland and covered up after completion of the construction work.
All the used oil and grease from the plant and equipment must be collected and burned or
buried in specially secured landfill effectively sealed from the surroundings. Environmental
Page 51
inspector has to ensure the proper implementation of these activities and submit report on the
status of environmental management to the company concerning local authorities.
7.3.3. Air pollution and dust management

The construction action is the major source of dust emission and air pollution. However, it
can be managed by:
o Discarding construction wastes in an appropriate or authorized waste

management facilities/land fill sites.
o Preventing the generation of air pollution during the construction period by

water sprinkling.
7.3.4. On site cultivation and infrastructure

As much as possible attention must be given to save the indigenous trees found on the site
and the natural tree planted at the boundary of the manufacturing plant area if any.
7.3.5. Health and risk management

Health and risk management should be done to avoid unnecessary impact on human health.
Providing health facility (mobile clinic or first aid service depending on the size of
workforce) is the main element of health and risk management.
7.4. Operational phase

Most of project environmental management activities will be carried out during the operation
phase, since this is when long term significant impacts (including environmental pollution
and human health hazard) can be expected to arise.
The objective of the environmental management program at this phase of the project are:
protection of the environment from debris and other pollutants, protection of workers from
work area health hazard, efficient use of water sources, waste management and improve the
environmental performance of the company.
The study consultant team proposes an Environmental and Safety Management Unit (ESMU)
in the company’s structure to operate the environmental management program at this stage of
the project as.
 coordinate and administer all aspects of the environmental management programs;

 develop further an environmental oversight capability within the company; and
Page 52
 Facilitate for the implementation of companywide Environmental Management

System (EMS).
A three person staff comprising civil/chemical engineering expert, environmentalist and
health officer would be sufficient to perform the environmental management program. The
unit requires additional support from other departments.
Sufficient budget should be allocated for environmental monitoring activities (150, 000.00
Ethiopian Birr Will be allocated). Regular internal auditing and monitoring should be made
and audit report should be submitted to the city environmental protection agency on quarter
basis.
7.5. Monitoring plan and implementation program

Environmental monitoring is an essential tool in relation to environmental management as it
provides the basis for rational management decisions regarding impact control. The
monitoring programmed for the present project will be undertaken to meet the following
objectives:
 to check on whether mitigation and benefit enhancement measures have actually been
adopted, and are proving effective in practice
 to provide a means whereby any impacts which were subject to uncertainty at the
time of preparation of the EIA, or which were unforeseen, can be identified, and to
provide a basis for formulating appropriate additional impact control measures
There are two basic forms of monitoring:
1) Compliance monitoring, which checks whether prescribed actions have been carried
out, usually by means of inspection or enquiries.
2) Effects monitoring, that records the consequences of activities on one or more

environmental components, and usually involves physical measurement of selected
parameters or the execution of surveys to establish the nature and extent of induced
changes.
Responsibilities for the implementation of environmental mitigation measures belong to

national authorities, institutions and partners.
Page 53
Due to the insignificant or low negative environmental impact during construction, no

specific monitoring actions are necessary other than the usual ones taken by the
environmental authorities.
Sufficient budget should be allocated for environmental monitoring activities. Regular

internal auditing and monitoring should be made and audit report should be submitted to
environmental protection bureau on a year basis.
Table – mitigation measure and monitoring Plan budgeting
Aspects to be Activity Frequency Institution Budget

monitored responsible
Noise  Asses the level Yearly twice Proponent Br.10,000

of noise from sound
vehicular measurement(db)
movement to
and generators
and music sound
Air Quality  Limit ambient Yearly once Proponent Br.25,000
air quality test
parameter
 Conduct air
quality
assessment
 Limit dust
emissions to
below standards
Waste  Assess Plastic Twice per month Proponent Br.70,000
processing waste
and other solid
wastes,
 Evaluate the
Recycle/reuse
process of solid
waste
Worker health  Assess Twice Per year Proponent Br.20,000
employees
health safety and
utilization of
safety devices
Page 54
%2 Planting From taken land Yearly once Proponent Br. 25,000

should have
tree
green
Total BR.150,000
Environmental
Monitoring
cost
8. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
AKMONLINK COLLEGE PLC mixed use Commercial responsible manner

depending on the country’s environmental regulations and environmental laws.
The aim of this study is to assess the environmental implications of establishing for building
and to suggest mitigation measures for identified environmental and social adverse impacts.
It will, thus, be necessary to investigate, if the plant under consideration emits air pollutants
or effluents that pollute rivers, lakes; ponds land surface or sub-surface areas, and residents
nearby.
As it can be seen from the technological process description, the project does not emit air
pollutants, or effluents that pollute rivers, lakes, ponds, land surface or sub-surface areas and
local residents. Moreover, the company will implement improved workers health and safety
conditions and maintenance of production in view of prevailing Ethiopian environmental
legislation. The plant is being established on internationally acceptable standards, because it
intends to apply for Standard . Therefore, the plant will be absolutely environmentally
friendly.
Hence, we recommend the establishment of the project due to its benefits which include the
following.
 The high job opportunity to be created for the local people as compared to other
activities.
 The minimum adverse impacts and management ability of the project the proponent
and his capability of managing the environment in sustainable manner are
dependable.
 Implement the internal policy requirements including environmental aspects training
and awareness for staff and other suppliers;
Page 55
 Comply with all legal and policy requirements of the country

 Put in place a monitoring and evaluation program for the operations stage covering
the following:
 Environmental integrity
 Operation and routine maintenance and efficiency;
 Continuous improvement;
 Complete environmental audit and submitted to EPA after commissioning to ensure
that all the proposed mitigation measures have been complied with;
 That the operation of all facilities in the proposed plant is carried out in accordance
with approved plans and laws.
Page 56
9. REFERENCES
1. Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.
1/1995.Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
2. Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) (1996), Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia,
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
3. Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) (1997), Environmental Policy of Ethiopia:
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
4. Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) (2000), Guideline Document: Environmental
Assessment and Management; EPA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
5. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. (2002), Environmental Pollution Control
Proclamation. Proclamation No. 300/2002, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
6. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (2002), Environmental Impact Assessment
Proclamation. Proclamation No. 299/2002. Addis Ababa.
7. FDRE EPA, 2003. Guideline for reviewing environmental impact study reports (final
drafts), Addis Ababa.
8. MEDAC/EPA (1997). The conservation strategies of Ethiopia, Vlume1. The resource
base, its utilization and planning for sustainability, Addis Ababa.
9. Otterstrom T. and P. Kosk. (1994). “Ekono Energy Ltd & Soil and Water Ltd.
Assessment of External Costs of Energy Production in Finland”. Report prepared for the
SIHTI 2 Project.
10. RGO, 1999a. Regulation for the establishment of Oromia Environmental protection Forst
& Climate chang Authority, Finfinne.
Page 57

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PEIA For Mixed use, commercial

PARTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

MIXED USE BUILD

PRMOTER: AKMONLINK COLLEGE PLC

SUBMITED: - FURI SUB-CITY ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AUORITY

PROJECT TO BE IMPLEMENTED IN FURI SUB-CITY MUDA FURI WOREDA

CONSULTAT: Bright star management and environmental

SHEGER CITY, ETHIOPIA

4.1.3.2 Project Justification .................................................................................................. 16

6.2.2.3. Impact on Water Quality ....................................................................................... 38

ASL Above Sea Level

ADLI Agricultural Development led-Industrialization

CSE Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EISR Environmental Impact Study Report

EMB Environmental Management Branch

EMP Environmental Management Plan

EPA Environmental Protection Authority

EPC Environmental Protection Council

EPE Environmental Policy of Ethiopia

ETB Ethiopian Birr, the National Currency

FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

AKMONLINK COLLEGE PLC has contracted Bright star management and

Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework

and sectoral development; 2) environmental protection and conservation; Ethiopian growth

Baseline Environmental Condition of the Project Area

Environment is defined as the surroundings or conditions in which a person lives/operates or

Adverse Environmental impacts and suggested mitigation measures

Environmental Management Plan

Environmental management is concerned with implementation of the measures necessary to

Environmental Monitoring Program

Various kinds of environmental monitoring and evaluation will be conducted by responsible

Conclusion and recommendations

1.2. Objective of the Study

to the area; to ensure and enhance sustainable environmental management during

The environmental impact of the project is prepared based three phases

1.6 Consultation with the public and relevant organizations

1.7. Impact identification

1.8.. Description of the characteristics of impacts

 To define the limits of the study area,

3. LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK

3.1 Economic Development Policies and Strategies

3.1.1 The National Economic Development Strategy

o The promotion of labor intensive technologies and utilization of domestic raw

o Determination of the composition of industrial output based on the needs and

o Government intervention to motivate the choice of labor intensive technology that

3.1.2 Ethiopian Investment Strategy

o Proclamation No.37/1996: Investment proclamation of the federal Democratic

o Regulation No. 7/1996: Council of Ministers regulations to provide for investment

According to the Investment Proclamation No.37/1996, the objective of the investment

o Regulation No. 116/1998: A proclamation to amend the investment proclamation;

o Proclamation No. 35/1998: Council of Ministers Regulations on Investment Areas

o Regulation No. 36/1998: Council of Ministers Regulations to Amend the

3.2 Environmental Policies and Strategies

Article 43: The Rights of Development

2. Nationals have the right to participate in national development and, in particular, to be

3. All international agreements and relations concluded, established or conducted by the

Article 44 - Environmental Rights

3.2.2 The Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia (CSE)

It mainly recognizes the importance of incorporating environmental factors into development