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Character Strings

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Altan Blu
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16 views2 pages

Character Strings

Uploaded by

Altan Blu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Character Strings

1.1 Definition
• “strings” are simply character (text) arrays e.g. char buf[21];
• This is different from the String class.
• Usually terminated by a NULL ( aka 0 or ‘\0’ ) to mark the end of the string

1.2 Filling up of data


1.2.1 By individual elements
char str1[4];
str1[0] = ‘A’;
str1[1] = ‘B’;
str1[2] = ‘C’;
Serial.println(str1);//ABC

1.2.2 Multiple characters

6.2.2.1 memcpy() – copies a block of memory to another memory location

syntax: memcpy(destination,source,length);
• Destination – pointer to the destination character string
• Source – pointer to character string where the data is taken from
• Length – number of characters to copy
char str1[4] = "ABC";
char str2[4] = "123";
char str3[21];
memcpy(str3,str1,3);
Serial.println(str3);//ABC

for(byte i=0;i<3;i++)
{
str3[i] = str1[i];
}
str3[3] = 0;
Serial.println(str3);//ABC

memcpy(str3,str2,2);
Serial.println(str3);//12

memcpy(str3,"XYZ",3);
Serial.println(str3);//XYZ

memcpy(&str3[3],"567",3);
Serial.println(str3);//XYZ567

memcpy(str3,&str2[1],2);
Serial.println(str3);//XYZ523

1.2.2.2 memset() – changes each element of the destination string to a specific value up to a certain length
syntax: memset(destination,value,length);
• Destination – pointer to the destination character string
• Value – one byte value you want to place into the destination elements
• Length – number of characters to change

memset(str3,'a',6);
Serial.println(str3);//aaaaaa
memset(&str3[1],' ',4);
Serial.println(str3);//a a

1.2.2.3 for-loop

for(byte i=0;i<6;i++)
{
str3[i] = 'b';
}
str3[6] = 0;
Serial.println(str3);//bbbbbb

1.3 Formatting strings

6.3.1 use sprint() to easily fill up and format data in a string

sprintf(str3,"hello");
Serial.println(str3);//hello

byte x = 123;

Serial.println(x); // stream class converts x to characters, hence, result


is "123"

memcpy(str3,"123",3);
Serial.println(str3);//123

sprintf(str3,"VALUE=%d",x);
Serial.println(str3);//VALUE=123

char c = ':'
sprintf(str3,"VALUE%c%d",c,x);
Serial.println(str3);//VALUE:123

sprintf(str3,"VALUE=%5d",x);
Serial.println(str3);//VALUE= 123

sprintf(str3,"VALUE=%05d",x);
Serial.println(str3);//VALUE=00123

int time_hh=1,time_mm=5,time_ss=43;
sprintf(str3,"TIME=%02d:%02d:%02d",time_hh,time_mm,time_ss);
Serial.println(str3);//TIME=01:05:43

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