waste controller using smart electronic bin report

Waste Controller System using a Smart Electronic Bin
PROJECT REPORT
Submitted
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the award of the Degree of
Bachelor of Technology
In
Computer Science and Engineering
Of
APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University
Thiruvananthapuram-Kerala
by
STEVIN FELIX (AIK17CS037)

CHRIS ANTONY CORREYA (AIK17CS014)
DIXON SEBASTIAN (LAIK17CS041)
VISHNU DHANAPAL (AIK17CS039)
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Albertian Institute of Science And Technology-AISAT
Kalamassery –Kochi 682022
2017-2021
Vision
To be a centre of excellence for professional education and related services
creating technically competent and ethically strong innovative minds committed to
the growth of the nation and beyond.
Mission
• We are committed to provide value based education with ample
opportunities for research and industry institution interaction.
• We take every possible step to enhance the skills and bring out quality
professionals, providing a friendly and growth oriented ambience with
appropriate resources.
• We improve ourselves through continuous evaluation and updation to meet
the challenges and requirements of the modern society.
Motto
We make Engineers, not just Engineering Graduates
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Program Outcomes (PO)
At the end of the program, graduate engineers will be able to
PO 1-Engineering Knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

fundamentals and an engineering specialization for the solution of complex engineering
problems.
PO 2- Problem Analysis: Identify, review research literature, formulate and analyze complex
engineering problems, thereby arrive at substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences and engineering.
PO 3-Design/Development of Solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems
and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for public health and safety, and cultural, societal, and environment considerations.
PO 4- Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
PO 5-Modern tool usage: Create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools, including prediction and modelling to complex engineering
activities with an understanding of the limitations.
PO 6- The Engineer and Society: Apply reasoning informed by contextual knowledge to assess
societal health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the
professional engineering practice.
PO 7- Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering
solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need
for sustainable development.
PO 8- Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities
and norms of the engineering practice.
PO 9- Individual and teamwork: function effectively as an individual, and a member in diverse
teams and in multi-disciplinary settings.
PO 10- Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with the society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and
write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and
receive clear instructions.
PO 11- Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member or
leader in a team, to manage projects, and in multidisciplinary environments.
PO 12- Lifelong learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and lifelong learning in the broadest context of technological knowledge.
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Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs)
Graduates of Computer Science and Engineering will be able to

PSO1: Design and develop computer programs and computer-based systems of moderate
complexity in the areas relevant to the current computational demands of the global society.
PSO2: Gather knowledge in the various domains of Computer Science and identify a suitable
career path to succeed in life.
PSO3: Apply the fundamentals of computer science in order to evaluate potential risks and
provide creative solutions to meet the needs of society.
COURSE OUTCOMES (PCO’s)

On completion of the seminar, I have gained domain knowledge and comprehension skills
in the field of Computer Science and Engineering, that are necessary for my growth as a
Computer Engineer.
CO 1- Explore the recent technological advancements correlating the fundamental knowledge

acquired during under graduate course in computer science and engineering (L2- L3).
CO 2- Review literature to identify gaps and define objectives & formulate engineering
problems (L3).
CO 3- Generate and implement innovative ideas for social benefit, analyze and discuss the
results to draw valid conclusions (L4).
CO 4- Develop presentation skills with the ability to communicate to audience and also ethical
writing skills as a part of report submission (L5).
CO 5- Hypothesize future scope for their present work and how to modify their work
incorporating future advancements in technology (L5-L6).
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PO-CO Mapping Matrix
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO PSO PSO
1 2 3
CO1 H L M H H
CO2 M M M H M H
CO3 H H M H
CO4 M M M H M H
High (H) – 3 Medium (M) – 2 Low (L) - 1
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UNDERTAKING
We declare that the work presented in this project titled “Waste Controller System using a Smart
Electronic Bin”, submitted to the Computer Science and Engineering, Albertian Institute of
Science And Technology AISAT, Kalamassery-Kochi, for the award of the Bachelor of
Technology degree in Computer Science and Engineering, is our original work. We have not
plagiarized or submitted the same work for the award of any other degree. In case this
undertaking is found incorrect, we accept that our degree may be unconditionally withdrawn.
Date: 17-01-2021 Stevin Felix (AIK17CS037)

Place: Kochi Chris Antony Correya (AIK17CS014)
Dixon Sebastian (LAIK17CS041)
Vishnu Dhanapal (AIK17CS039)
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CERTIFICATE
Certified that the work contained in the project titled “Waste Controller System using a Smart
Electronic Bin”, by Stevin Felix (AIK17CS037), Chris Antony Correya (AIK17CS014), Dixon
Sebastian (LAIK17CS041), Vishnu Dhanapal (AIK17CS039) has been carried out under my
supervision and that this work has not been submitted elsewhere for a degree.
Name & signature of Guide Name & signature of HOD

Mrs. Renjini H, Mrs. Divya Mohan,
Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor,
CSE, AISAT CSE, AISAT
Approval & Evaluation

Presented for the B.Tech Semester VIII Project Evaluation held on
-04-2021-
Evaluation Committee
1. Mrs. Divya Mohan
2. Mr. Sebin Jose
3. Mr. Jeswin Roy D’couth
4. Mrs. Renjini H
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Prof. Dr. S.Jose, Principal, Albertian Institute
of Science and Technology for his support and encouragement in preparation of our project
report and for making available facilities in college needed to prepare this report. Our heartfelt
gratitude to the Department of Computer Science and Engineering of Albertian Institute of
Science and Technology for giving us the permission to go forward with this report. We express
our thanks to the Head of Department, Asst. Prof Mrs. Divya Mohan. We would also like to
thank our seminar coordinator, Asst. Prof. Mr. Jeswin Roy D’couth, Dept. of CSE, AISAT.
We would also like to thank our guide Asst. Prof Mrs. Renjini H from Computer Science
Department, for her constant feedback and guidance.
Place: Kochi
Date: 17-01-2021 Signature of Student
Stevin Felix (AIK17CS037)

Chris Antony Correya (AIK17CS014)
Dixon Sebastian (LAIK17CS041)
Vishnu Dhanapal (AIK17CS039)
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ABSTRACT
The amount of the waste humans discards is rapidly increasing and will not be controlled without
transformational changes. Waste management companies will be hugely impacted with such
increments as they should provide resources for the collection of such waste with minimum or
even zero income. This project aims to develop smart real-time waste controller system using a
smart electronic bin by optimizing the resources and maximizing the efficiency. This is done by
designing and building the prototype of a smart waste bin that can automatically open the lid
when it detects the people who want to throw out their trash. This process is done with the help
of proximity sensors. It can also detect the level of the trash inside the waste bin. If the waste bin
is full, the lid will not open even if people want to dispose off their trash. Ultrasonic sensor gives
the percentage-level of waste inside the bin. This percentage-level data is sent to a cloud-based
monitoring and analytics IoT platform.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Contents Page No
UNDERTAKING vi
CERTIFICATION & APPROVAL vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT viii
ABSTRACT ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS x
LIST OF FIGURES xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xii
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 LITERATURE SURVEY 3
2.1. RELATED WORKS 3
3 METHODOLOGY 14
4 PROJECT DESIGN 15
4.1. ACTIVITY DIAGRAM 15
4.2. USE-CASE DIAGRAM 16
4.3. SEQUENCE DIAGRAM 17
4.4. CLASS DIAGRAM 18
5 IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS 19
5.1. HARDWARE COMPONENTS 19
5.2. SOFTWARE COMPONENTS 23
6 RESULT AND ANALYSIS 25
7 CONCLUSION 27
8 FUTURE SCOPE 28
REFERENCES 29
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No Figure Name Page No
2.1.1 The Proposed Smart Waste Management 4
2.1.2 Waste Management System for Smart Cities 5
2.1.3 Smart Garbage Bin 6
2.1.8 Proposed Model 9
4.1 Activity Diagram 15
4.2 Use - Case Diagram 16
4.3 Sequence Diagram 17
4.4 Class Diagram 18
5.1.1 Ultrasonic Sensor 19
5.1.2 Capacitive Sensor 19
5.1.3 Gas Sensor 20
5.1.4 Proximity Sensor 20
5.1.5 WiFi Module 21
5.1.6 Arduino Board 21
5.1.7 Buzzer Alarm 22
5.1.8 LED 22
5.1.9 Servo Motor 23
5.2.1 Arduino IDE 24
5.2.2 Cayenne IoT Platform Logo 24
6.1 Cayenne IoT Platform Overview 25
6.2 Sample Output Graph 26
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
IoT – Internet of Things

MSW – Municipal Solid Waste
GSM – Global System for Mobile Communications
SMS – Short Message Service
SGS – Smart Garbage System
LED – Light Emitting Diode
GPS – Global Positioning System
RFID – Radio Frequency Identification
IR – Infrared
ADC – Analog to Digital Converter
IDE - Integrated Development Environment
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The generation and disposal of wastes in large quantities has created a greater concern over time
for the world, which is adversely affecting the human lives and environmental conditions. Wastes
are the ones which increase with the growth of the country. Segregation of waste is important for
the proper disposal of vast amount of garbage the modern society produces in an environmentally
sensible mode. People became adapted to throwing things away and never realize the
consequences of their action. The common method of disposal of the industrial wastes is by
uncontrolled and unplanned, and exposed dumping at the river sites and open areas. This method
is injurious to plants, human health and animal life.
Curb side collection is the most common method of disposal in most countries, in which
waste is collected at regular intervals by specialized trucks. Waste collected is then transported to
an appropriate disposal area. Nowadays, countries with developing economies experience
exhausted waste collection services. Waste collection method in such countries is an ongoing
challenge and many struggle due to weak institutions and rapid urbanization. At present, the
volume of generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) is increasing very rapidly with the increase
of population, economic uprising, industrial development, change in consumption habit and life
style of urban population. It became a great challenge to manage MSW to the authorities in charge
for waste management. Due to the lack of proper management solution, a considerable amount of
85% of the total MSW management budget is exhausted on waste collection and transportation.
As a result, the improvement of the solid waste management system is much needed in recent
times, which requires a well-organized and proper way to monitor the status of solid waste bin in
real time whereas confirming green environment and viable advance of the society.
Smart cities have been identified as a promising potential application domain for the
Internet of Things (IoT), with a wide range of possible services that can benefit city
administration and citizens alike. One service that can be provided in a smart city is smart waste
management. Smart cities must deploy smart waste bins. Public trash cans detract from the
surrounding environment when they are full for long period of time. On the other hand, it can be
an expensive operation to send garbage truck to every trash can in the city; if cans are empty, the
journey accomplishes nothing. Cities develop rough algorithms for minimizing cost of various
municipal services such as collecting trash, but IoT sensors can improve the services by notifying
AISAT, KALAMASSERY 1 Dept of CSE

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relevant public works officials when particular trash cans are full. Smart waste bin plays an
integral part in the development and conservation of environment. They have wireless ultrasonic
fill-level sensors embedded inside, which detects how full the bin is. This percentage-level data is
sent to a cloud-based monitoring and analytics IoT platform. Through this project, we aim to
design and build the prototype of a smart waste bin that can automatically open the lid when it
detects the people who want to throw out their trash. It can also detect the level of the trash inside
the waste bin. If the waste bin is full, the lid will not open even if people want to dispose off their
trash.

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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1. RELATED WORKS
2.1.1. IoT-Enabled Smart Waste Bin Management System and Efficient Route
Selection [1]
• It includes the following list of activities:

(i) Controlling and monitoring the collection of wastes.
(ii) Preventing the waste from spilling from the waste bins during transportation to the
recycling units.
(iii) Speedy transportation to recycling units so that the traffic condition will not be
bothered in peak hours.
• We have used smart bins in which waste-detecting sensors are fixed. These sensors are
capable of sending signals to the nearest sensor referenced to the base station.
• When the sensors detect the volume of the garbage, they communicate to the respective
centers, indicating the volume of the garbage.
• The garbage centers will have the garbage pickup truck sent to collect garbage from the
garbage bin and recycle it in the recycle unit.
• In the following diagram, the pickup truck is directed to those waste bins which are more
than 90% full or about to be 100% full and not selecting the path which is partially filled.
In this case, the pickup truck selects the most optimized route that not only reduces its
costs in the collection round trips but also shields from the unfavorable conditions.
• Here, we have to establish a separate base station to collect data.

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Fig.2.1.1 The Proposed Smart Waste Management
2.1.2. IOT-based Waste Management System for Smart Cities [2]
• Implemented a smart garbage management system.

• A smart bin is built on a Arduino UNO board with GSM modem and Ultrasonic sensor
along with weight sensor.
• The weight Sensor is used for calculating the weight of the bin.
• The ultrasonic sensor is used for finding the status of the bin, the threshold limit is set as
10 cm. When the junk achieves the limit level ultrasonic sensor will trigger the GSM
modem, which cautions the required expert.
• The expert then sends the message to the separate administrators. If the dustbin is not
cleaned in specific time, then the record is sent to the higher authority who can take the
appropriate action against the concerned contractor.

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Fig.2.1.2 Waste Management System for Smart Cities
2.1.3. Smart Garbage Bin for Efficient Food Waste Management [3]
• In this paper, an IoT-based smart garbage system (SGS) is proposed to reduce the amount
of food waste.
• In an SGS, battery-based smart garbage bins (SGBs) exchange information with each other
using wireless mesh networks, and a router and server collect and analyze the information
for service provisioning.
• The SGS includes various IoT techniques considering user convenience and increases the
battery lifetime through two types of energy-efficient operations of the SGBs: stand-alone
operation and cooperation-based operation.
• The proposed SGS had been operated as a pilot project in Gangnam district, Seoul,
Republic of Korea, for a one-year period. The experiment showed that the average amount
of food waste could be reduced by 33%.

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Fig.2.1.3 Smart Garbage Bin
2.1.4. IntelliBin(The Smart Trash Bin) [4]
• The proposed IntelliBin prototype consists of three trash bins, housed in a wooden
enclosure; red, white, and green LED strips adhered to the inner lining of the opening to
each trash receptacle, a Raspberry Pi 3 Model B, and a Logitech C240 webcam. The
Raspberry Pi and Logitech webcam are used to perform the image processing required to
identify various waste objects placed in view of the camera.
• Once a waste object has been identified, the Raspberry Pi illuminates one of the three LED
strips, directing the user to the appropriate trash bin.
2.1.5. A Waste Collection Mechanism Based on IoT [5]
• This paper proposes an idea to link waste collection system to IoT.

• Ultrasonic sensors are used to find the height of the garbage.
• When the garbage bin contains only light materials like papers, collection of waste is not
essential, as these materials can be compressed to accommodate more trash.
• Weight sensor helps to distinguish between light waste like paper and heavy wastes.
• Some garbage produces an unbearable smell like that of Methane, Sulphide etc., and so
priority must also be given to garbage bins that produce such kind of odour. MQ Gas
sensor is used to find the odour.

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• These sensors are attached to the Arduino Uno microcontroller which sends the data to a
Raspberry Pi.
• The sensor values are continuously monitored, when it reaches the threshold value, an alert
is sent to the municipality server and then a garbage clean-up is authorized for the
corresponding trashcan.
• The real-time progress of the waste collection can be examined with the help of this
system.
• This method will enable waste collection on time and thereby ensure a safer environment.
2.1.6. Design and Implementation of a Smart Solid Waste Monitoring and

Collection System based on Internet of Things [6]
• Discussed a solution for the problems faced by the municipal authorities in which a
microcontroller is used to take action based on the inputs provided by the output/actions of
the sensors.
• Amount of waste in the dustbins is detected with Ultrasonic sensing.
• Force sensor is used to check the weight of the dust bin.
• PIR sensor is used to open the dustbin lid automatically if the bin is empty or partially
filled.
• An Android device helps in detecting the dustbin’s location, updates the location and
informs the respective vehicle to collect the waste.
• This information with GPS location is updated directly to Amazon cloud web server
through GPRS.
2.1.7. IoT-based Smart Garbage Alert System using Arduino UNO [7]
• This paper proposes a smart alert system for garbage clearance by giving an alert signal to
the municipal web server for instant cleaning of dustbin with proper verification based on
level of garbage filling.
• This process is aided by the ultrasonic sensor which is interfaced with Arduino UNO to
check the level of garbage filled in the dustbin and sends the alert to the municipal web
server once if garbage is filled.

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• After cleaning the dustbin, the driver confirms the task of emptying the garbage with the aid
of RFID Tag. RFID is a computing technology that is used for verification process and in
addition, it also enhances the smart garbage alert system by providing automatic
identification of garbage filled in the dustbin and sends the status of clean-up to the server
affirming that the work is done.
• The whole process is upheld by an embedded module integrated with RFID and IoT
facilitation.
• The real time status of how waste collection is being done could be monitored and followed
up by the municipality authority with the aid of this system.
• An Android application is developed and linked to a web server to intimate the alerts from
the microcontroller to the urban office and to perform the remote monitoring of the cleaning
process, done by the workers, thereby reducing the manual process of monitoring and
verification.
• The notifications are sent to the Android application using Wi-Fi module.
2.1.8. Efficient IOT Based Smart Bin for Clean Environment [8]
• Developed a Smart Bin, in which an IR sensor is used for detecting objects and an
ultrasonic sensor is used for detecting the height till which waste is filled in the bin.
• These sensors are connected to the SPI Interface of the Arduino, and a buzzer is added
with relays.
• Buzzer is used as an alarm in case people throw wastes around the bin.
• A sensor node is installed in every smart bin with a power supply unit.
• The sensor node senses the bin’s fullness, reports the readings and sensor statuses by using
Ethernet modem from Arduino UNO.
• It also has a function to lock the bin door when it is full and also at rainy period.
• HTML-based webpage is used to get the status in the office. Rain sensors are connected to
detect rainfall, to avoid the entering of rain water into the bin.
• If any object is placed closer to the bin, the buzzer will be turned ON to give an alert to the
user and update the status.
• Relays and Motors are used to close the door automatically when it receives the bin full
indication of ultrasonic sensor and rain or water detection by rain sensor.

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Fig.2.1.8 Proposed Model
2.1.9. Environmental Chemistry, Pollution & Waste Management [9]
• The abysmal state of and challenges in municipal solid waste management (MSWM) in
urban India is the motivation of the present study.
• Urbanization contributes enhanced municipal solid waste (MSW) generation an
unscientific handling of MSW degrades the urban environment and causes health hazards.
• In this paper, an attempt is made to evaluate the major parameters of MSWM, in addition
to a comprehensive review of MSW generation, its characterization, collection, and
treatment options as practiced in India.
• The current status of MSWM in Indian states and important cities of India is also reported.
• The essential conditions for harnessing optimal benefits from the possibilities for public
private partnership and challenges thereof and unnoticeable role of rag-pickers are also
discussed.
• The study concludes that installation of decentralized solid waste processing units in
metropolitan cities/towns and development of formal recycling industry sector is the need
of the hour in developing countries like India.

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2.1.10. Smart Garbage Monitoring and Clearance System using IoT [10]
• In the proposed system, the level of waste in the dustbins is detected with the help of
ultrasonic sensor.
• Force sensor is used to measure the weight of the dust bin. When the measured value of
sensors exceeds a certain threshold value, then red led becomes ON (i.e.it indicates dustbin
is filled, else green led is ON).
• This information with GPS location where the dust bin is located is communicated to
android device through GSM system.
• Android device will detects, in which area dustbin is located, by comparing coordinates
and updates the location and inform the respective vehicle to collect the waste.
• Microcontroller is used to interface the sensor system with GSM system. This will help in
managing the garbage collection efficiently.
• RFID is used to provide a specific identity to the bins. Each house bins have been assigned
with a unique RFID, using which the administrator of the municipal area can detect the
amount of waste generated from the particular house.
• The RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) along with cell sensor technology is mitigated
waste management costs and facilitated smart waste management systems.
• Waste management administrators can assign an RFID waste tag to take away from bin
and this is totally password protected which ensure data security.
• The administrator is able to search for a particular client or house number or write the
aadhaar card number to the waste tag using the “Write to Waste Tag” button.
2.1.11. IoT Based Intelligent Garbage Monitoring System [11]
• This system monitors the garbage bins and informs about the level of garbage collected in
the garbage bins via a web page.
• For this, the system uses ultrasonic sensors placed over the bins to detect the garbage level
and compare it with the garbage bins depth.
• The system makes use of Arduino family microcontroller to control every process and Wi-
Fi modem for sending data to server.
• Dustbins are provided with low cost embedded device which helps in tracking the level of

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the garbage bins and an unique ID will be provided for every dustbin so that it is easy to
identify which garbage bin is full.
• When the level reaches the threshold limit, the device will transmit the level along with the
unique ID provided.
• These details can be accessed by the concern authorities from their place with the help of
Internet and an immediate action can be made to clean the dustbins.
2.1.12. Smart Waste Bin with Real-Time Monitoring System [12]
• The design framework comprises of three main parts: Solar Power System, Smart Waste
Bin and Control Station with SMS notification system and real-time monitoring system.
• Smart waste bin uses WSNs to collect waste bin status and transmit waste bin information
wirelessly to the control station.
• Control station receives the waste bin information and stores it in the database.
• SMS notification system is a daemon program to automatically identify the filled waste
bin and help to send alert notification to garbage collector in real-time, then updates the
waste bin status.
• After the waste bin has been emptied, the smart waste bin will update the waste bin status
and transmit the information again to the control station.
• A web-based application is developed to monitor the waste bin status and collection
activity.
• This proposed system will be able to reduce the development cost since the components
used are cheap.
2.1.13. Smart City Waste Management System Using GSM [13]
• It will provide real-time information regarding the dustbins in the city.

• The percentage fill-level of the dustbins will be send to the concerned authority and
necessary actions will be taken to clean the dustbin.
• For real-time information, we use GSM, which is a low cost and high performance device.
• Another application which is used in this system is GPS. GPS will show the location of the
dustbin.

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• The GSM module will give the message signal when the dustbin is 90% filled. This will
save time, money, fuel and also reduces exhaust gas emissions and noise levels for the
local residents.
• The proposed system would be able to monitor the solid waste collection process and
manage the overall collection process.
2.1.14. Smart Waste Management using Internet-of-Things [14]
• To make the cities greener, safer, and more efficient, Internet of Things (IoT) can play an
important role.
• Improvement in safety and quality of life can be achieved by connecting devices, vehicles
and infrastructure all around in a city.
• Best technological solutions can be achieved in smart cities by making different
stakeholders to work together.
• System integrators, network operators and technology providers have a role to play in
working with governments to enable smart solutions.
• But, building such solutions on an open, standards-based communications platform that
can be continuously used is a challenge.
• We present a waste collection management solution based on providing intelligence to
waste bins, using an IoT prototype with sensors.
• It can read, collect, and transmit huge volume of data over the Internet. Such data, when
put into a context and processed by intelligent and optimized algorithms, can be used to
dynamically manage waste collection mechanism.
• Simulations for several cases are carried out to investigate the benefits of such system over
a traditional system.
• We try to replicate the scenario using Open Data from the city of Pune, India stressing on
the opportunities created by this type of initiatives for several parties to innovate and
contribute to the development of Smart waste management solutions.

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2.1.15. Smart Garbage Collection System in Residential Area [15]
• Here we are using an automatic technique to detect garbage level in garbage can. Each
garbage can is given a number ID which is stored in the database with its location. A
camera is placed at each garbage can.
• A database is created in PC of different set levels which is used to compare with the
images that are taken previously by camera. This is done with image processing. This is
interfaced with microcontroller.
• Simultaneously, weighing sensor is used. It senses the weight of garbage can. It is
interfaced with microcontroller through ADC.
• The microcontroller compares the set limit with input data.
• The microcontroller which is interfaced with GSM module sends a message to the server.
The sent messages contain the slave ID of the garbage can.
• The server compares the slave ID with its database which contains record of slave ID and
location of each garbage can located in city. Then it gives exact location of the garbage
can which is full or over weighted to the driver of waste disposal vehicle.
• After receiving the message by the server, the waste disposal vehicle reaches to the desired
location. Then the driver enters set password with help of keypad in microcontroller.
• When the set password matches, robot mechanism is activated. This robot mechanism is
nothing but a machine capable of physical motion.
• We use DC motor which is fixed on plate on which garbage can is mounted .This plate is
used for tilting the garbage can by which garbage is transferred into garbage collecting
vehicle.

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CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
EXISTING METHODOLOGY
In the existing system, ultrasonic sensors are used, which gives us information about percentage
of trash in the dustbins. Ultrasonic sensors are highly advantageous over weight sensors, as
weight sensors only tells us about the weight of the garbage, and not about the level of garbage
in the bins.
PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
Along with ultrasonic sensors, we will have a proximity sensor for automatic detection and
opening of waste bin. To monitor the waste bin surroundings, we will be using proximity sensor
and buzzer alarms. If a person disposes off the garbage near the waste bin and not in the waste
bin, the sensor will detect such malpractices and the buzzer alarm gets activated, alerting the
authorities regarding the malpractice occurred. Smell detection sensors are also installed to
detect bad odour. As segregation of plastic and non-plastic wastes are necessary, that feature is
also added with the help of capacitive sensors. This project is being developed in such a way that
it can be implemented in the campus premises. Further development will be made so that it will
be made to operate in a much larger area like a city.
SYSTEM FEATURES
• Intelligent Monitoring.
• Collection operations become more efficient and smarter.
• It will stop the overflowing of dustbins along roadsides and campus localities.
• We will be able to know the fill level of garbage bin.
• Greater traceability.
• Lower Carbon Footprint.

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CHAPTER 4
PROJECT DESIGN
4.1. ACTIVITY DIAGRAM
Fig.4.1 Activity Diagram
• Once we put the waste in the bin, the process which happens next will be the segregation of
plastic and non-plastic wastes. Plastic wastes will go to one section in the waste bin and

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non-plastic wastes will go to another section of the waste bin.

• Ultrasonic sensor will give the data regarding the amount of wastes in the bin. This data
will be sent to the Arduino.
• From Arduino, the sensor data will be sent to the cloud-based Cayenne IoT Platform, where
data processing will be done.
• We can see the result in the Cayenne platform itself. The output will be a graph, which will
show the level of wastes inside the bin at a particular time.
• Once the waste level reaches the threshold value, necessary actions will be taken to collect
wastes from the bin.
4.2. USE-CASE DIAGRAM
Fig.4.2 Use-Case Diagram

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• We have 3 actors: User, Admin & Cleaner.

• Once the user puts the wastes, the level of the waste will be read by the sensor, which will
send that data to the System.
• The System performs the major works such as detection of waste type, generating the status
of the bin, etc.
• Admin will view the bin status and tells the Cleaner to collect the garbage from that
particular waste bin.
4.3. SEQUENCE DIAGRAM
Fig.4.3 Sequence Diagram
• The objects participating in the interaction are Admin, Sensors, Arduino, WiFi Module,
Cloud and Concerned Authority.
• Admin initiates the interaction moving on to sensors and so on. The object lifeline is added
that shows the existence of object over a period of time.
• Initially, the Admin provides the whole system with the power to run the entire system. The
sensors pulls up the data and gets transferred to the Arduino, which in turn transmits the
data to the Cloud, which stores the entire information.

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• The Cloud is the collection and the storing point of all the information, so that the
concerned authority can go through the entire system for maintenance.
4.4. CLASS DIAGRAM
Fig.4.4 Class Diagram
• We have 5 classes: User, Admin, Microcontroller (Arduino), Bin & Cloud.

• Admin and Microcontroller classes have only one attribute- ID, one for the Admin and the
other for the Bin.
• Bin class will have 3 attributes- ID, fill-level and smell-level. It performs the operations
such as getting the fill-level and smell-level of the waste bin.
• Cloud class has 2 attributes- Bin ID and Admin ID. Cloud class processes the data, to be
displayed in the cloud itself, so that the Admin can take the necessary actions according to
the results shown.

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CHAPTER 5
IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
5.1. HARDWARE COMPONENTS
5.1.1. ULTRASONIC SENSOR
Fig.5.1.1 Ultrasonic Sensor
An ultrasonic sensor is an electronic device that measures the distance of a target object by
emitting ultrasonic sound waves, and converts the reflected sound into an electrical signal.
Ultrasonic waves travel faster than the speed of audible sound. In order to calculate the
distance between the sensor and the object, the sensor measures the time it takes between
the emission of the sound by the transmitter to its contact with the receiver. The formula for
this calculation is D = ½ T x C.
5.1.2. CAPACITIVE SENSOR
Fig.5.1.2 Capacitive Sensor

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A capacitive sensor uses the characteristics of a capacitor and its electrical field to form a
sensor. Capacitive sensors work by detecting any change in the electric field the sensor can
register either touch or proximity, displacement, as well as the level detection of humidity
and fluids.
5.1.3. GAS SENSOR
Fig.5.1.3 Gas Sensor
Gas sensors are electronic devices that detect and identify different types of gasses. They
are commonly used to detect toxic or explosive gasses and measure gas concentration. Gas
sensors are employed in factories and manufacturing facilities to identify gas leaks, and to
detect smoke and carbon monoxide in homes. They are normally connected to an audible
alarm or interface.
5.1.4. PROXIMITY SENSOR
A proximity sensor is a non-contact sensor that

detects the presence of an object when the target
enters the sensor’s field. Depending on the type of
proximity sensor, sound, light, infrared radiation (IR),
or electromagnetic fields may be utilized by the
sensor to detect a target. Proximity sensors are used
in phones, recycling plants, self-driving cars, anti-
Fig.5.1.4 Proximity Sensor
aircraft systems, and assembly lines.

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There are many types of proximity sensors, and they each sense targets in distinct ways.
The two most commonly used proximity sensors are the inductive proximity sensor and the
capacitive proximity sensor.
5.1.5. WIFI MODULE
Fig.5.1.5 WiFi Module
The ESP8266 WiFi Module is a self contained SOC with integrated TCP/IP protocol stack
that can give any microcontroller access to your WiFi network. It is capable of either
hosting an application or offloading all Wi-Fi networking functions from another
application processor.
5.1.6. ARDUINO BOARD
Arduino is a prototype platform (open-source)

based on an easy-to-use hardware and software.
It consists of a circuit board, which can be
programmed and a ready-made software called
Arduino IDE (Integrated Development
Environment), which is used to write and
upload the computer code to the physical Fig.5.1.6 Arduino Board
board.
Arduino boards are able to read analog or digital input signals from different sensors and
turn it into an output such as activating a motor, turning LED on/off, connect to the cloud
and many other actions.

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5.1.7. BUZZER ALARM
Fig.5.1.7 Buzzer Alarm
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical,

electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm
devices, timers, and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke. When
current is applied to the buzzer it causes the ceramic disk to contract or expand. This causes
the surrounding disc to vibrate. That’s the sound that you hear.
5.1.8. LED
Light-emitting diode (LED) is a

semiconductor device that emits light when
an electric current is passed through it.
Light is produced when the particles that
carry the current combine together within
the semiconductor material.
Fig.5.1.8 LED
Since light is generated within the solid
semiconductor material, LEDs are
described as solid-state devices.

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5.1.9. SERVO MOTOR
A servomotor is a rotary actuator or linear

actuator that allows for precise control of
angular or linear position, velocity and
acceleration. It consists of a suitable motor
coupled to a sensor for position feedback. The
motor is controlled with an electric signal, either
analog or digital, which determines the amount
of movement which represents the final
command position for the shaft.
Fig.5.1.9 Servo Motor
5.2. SOFTWARE COMPONENTS
5.2.1. ARDUINO IDE
• The open-source Arduino Software (IDE) makes it easy to write code and upload it to
the board. This software can be used with any Arduino board.
• Arduino Software (IDE) contains a text editor for writing code, a message area, a text
console, a toolbar with buttons for common functions and a series of menus.
• It connects to the Arduino and Genuino hardware to upload programs and communicate
with them.
• Programs written using Arduino Software (IDE) are called sketches. These sketches are
written in the text editor and are saved with the file extension .ino.
• The editor has features for cutting/pasting and for searching/replacing text. The message
area gives feedback while saving and exporting and also displays errors.

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Fig.5.2.1 Arduino IDE
5.2.2. CAYENNE PLATFORM
• Cayenne is the world’s first drag and drop IoT project builder that empowers
developers, designers and engineers to quickly prototype and share their connected
device projects.
• Cayenne was designed to help users create Internet of Things prototypes and then bring
them to production.
• Cayenne was designed to work from iOS and Android smartphones and popular
browsers.
• There are several major components in the platform: Cayenne Mobile Apps – Remotely
monitor and control your IoT projects from the Android or iOS Apps.
• The Cayenne Library is a collection of code, known as sketch files, that makes it easy
for you to connect and send data to and from sensors, actuators and devices connected
to Arduino boards.
• Cayenne sketch files can be combined with other sketch files for your IoT projects.
Fig.5.2.2 Cayenne IoT Platform Logo

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CHAPTER 6
RESULT AND ANALYSIS
• The system is built using a dustbin, ultrasonic sensor, proximity sensor, capacitive sensor,
gas sensor, servo motor and buzzer alarm.
• Proximity sensor detects the user and opens the lid. Opening of the lid is done using a servo
motor interfaced with the proximity sensor.
• Once the lid is opened, the segregation lid will separate plastic and non-plastic waste. This
is done with the help of a capacitive sensor. Plastic waste is dumped towards the right side
and non-plastic is dumped towards the left side of the bin.
• Once the waste bin is full, the lid will not open. If a person tries to dump the waste near the
waste in such a case, the proximity sensor will detect this malpractice and the buzzer alarm
gets activated.
• The gas sensor will detect any harmful gases or bad odour, and when the gas level reaches
the threshold level, buzzer alarm gets activated, thereby alerting the authorities regarding
the scenario.
• The sensor data taken by the ultrasonic sensor will be sent to the Arduino board, from
where it goes to the Cayenne Cloud Platform.
Fig.6.1 Cayenne Platform Overview

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• The status of the bin is shown on the Cayenne Platform. Cayenne was designed to work
from iOS and Android smartphones and popular browsers.
Fig.6.2 Sample Output Graph
• We will get a graph as shown in the figure, which denotes the level of the waste bin at each
time interval.
• When the bin is full on either side, the corresponding LED will blink. The authority
(Admin) can see the status of the bin and give instructions to the cleaner.
• Thus, the authority can take quick actions by cleaning the bin as soon as possible.

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CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSION
This project has implemented a real time waste management system using a smart electronic
dustbin that detects the fill level of the dustbin to check if it is full or not. The waste bin has been
built using various sensors and an open source platform. The IoT platform that has been used is
Cayenne. Monitoring waste bins for collection management aspect is still improving and the
development of this project will focus on optimizing resource allocation and data analysis for
decision support system users.

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CHAPTER 8
FUTURE SCOPE
The main aim of this project is to reduce human resources and efforts along with the enhancement
of a smart city vision. We have often seen garbage spilling over from dustbins onto the streets and
this was an issue that required immediate attention. The proverb “Cleanliness is next to god and
clean city is next to heaven” inspired us to do this project. Our project’s aim was to develop a smart
waste management system near the campus premises. Further developments in the project will
expand the system to a wider area like a city. To make it more eco-friendly, we are also planning to
establish solar panels. We are also planning to test the bins with different types of waste materials
which includes the factory waste also. Furthermore, we are planning to put a screen in the waste
bin which will show the current status of the bin from the cloud.

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REFERENCES
[1] “A Proposed IoT-Enabled Smart Waste Bin Management System and Efficient Route
Selection”, Journal of Computer Networks and Communications Volume 2019, Article
ID 7043674.
[2] Miss. Megha S. Chaudhari, Mrs. Bharti Patil, Mrs. Vaishali Raut, “IOT-based waste
management system for smart cities”, Proceedings of the Third International
Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC 2019).
[3] I. Hong, S. Park, B. Lee, J. Lee, D. Jeong, and S. Park, “IoT-based smart garbage
system for efficient food waste management”, ScientificWorldJournal., Vol. 2014, p.
646953, Aug. 2014.
[4] IntelliBin, “IntelliBin (The Smart Trash Bin) - Hackster.io.” [Online]. Available:
https://www.hackster.io/team-rocket/intellibin-the-smarttrash-bin-
b44b5c.[Accessed:22 Oct-2017].
[5] A. Mohan, S. Johar, and S. Mini, “A Waste Collection Mechanism based on IoT,” in
14th IEEE India Council International Conference (INDICON), 2017, pp. 2–6.
[6] Aaditya Jain, Ranu Bagherwal, “Design and implementation of a smart solid waste
monitoring and collection system based on Internet of Things” 8th ICCCNT 2017
July, IIT Delhi.
[7] N. S. Kumar, B. Vijayalakshmi, R. J. Prarthana, and A. Shankar, “IOT based smart

garbage alert system using Arduino UNO,” in 2016 IEEE Region 10 Conference
(TENCON), 2016, pp. 1028–1034.
[8] Murugaanadam, S.Ganapathy and Balaji R, “Efficient IOT Based Smart Bin for
Clean Environment”, International Conference on Communication and Signal
Processing on April 2018.

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[9] Rajkumar Joshil and Sirajuddin Ahmed, “Environmental Chemistry, Pollution &
Waste Management”, Cogent Environmental Science (2016).
[10] S.V. Kumar, T.S.K., A.K.K.a.M.M., and ‘Smart garbage monitoring and
clearance system using Internet of Things’, IEEE International Conference on Smart
Technologies and Management for Computing, Communication, Controls, Energy
and Materials (ICSTM), 2017.
[11] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335570502_IoT_Based_Intelligent_
Garbage_Monitoring_System.
[12] N.M.Yusof, M.F. Zulkifli, M. Yusof, A.Azman” Smart Waste Bin with Real-
Time Monitoring System”, International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7
[2.29] [2018] 725-729.
[13] S. Zavare, R. Parashare, S. Patil, Pooja Rathod & V. Babanne “Smart City
Waste Management System Using GSM”, IJCST – Volume 5 Issue 3, May – Jun
2017.
[14] Gopal KirshnaShyam, Sunil kumar S. Manvi, Priyanka Bharti, “Smart Waste
Management using Internet-of-Things”,2017 2nd International Conference on
Computing & Communications Technologies (ICCT).
[15] G. Prajakta, J. Kalyani, and M. Snehal, “Smart Garbage Collection System in

Residential Area,” IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and
Technology, Volume: 04, Issue: 03,pp.122-124, March 2015.
[16] P.A.Thole, N.J.Dhage, A.D.Gole, K.D.Kalbhor, “IOT Based Smart Waste

Management System”, IJSRED: International Journal of Scientific Research and
Engineering Development- Vol. X Issue X, Year- 2017.

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Waste Controller System using a Smart Electronic Bin

STEVIN FELIX (AIK17CS037)

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

We make Engineers, not just Engineering Graduates

At the end of the program, graduate engineers will be able to

PO 1-Engineering Knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

Graduates of Computer Science and Engineering will be able to

COURSE OUTCOMES (PCO’s)

CO 1- Explore the recent technological advancements correlating the fundamental knowledge

High (H) – 3 Medium (M) – 2 Low (L) - 1

Date: 17-01-2021 Stevin Felix (AIK17CS037)

Name & signature of Guide Name & signature of HOD

Approval & Evaluation

2. Mr. Sebin Jose

3. Mr. Jeswin Roy D’couth

gratitude to the Department of Computer Science and Engineering of Albertian Institute of

Department, for her constant feedback and guidance.

Stevin Felix (AIK17CS037)

IoT – Internet of Things

AISAT, KALAMASSERY 1 Dept of CSE

AISAT, KALAMASSERY 2 Dept of CSE

2.1. RELATED WORKS

• It includes the following list of activities:

AISAT, KALAMASSERY 3 Dept of CSE

Fig.2.1.1 The Proposed Smart Waste Management

2.1.2. IOT-based Waste Management System for Smart Cities [2]

• Implemented a smart garbage management system.

AISAT, KALAMASSERY 4 Dept of CSE

Fig.2.1.2 Waste Management System for Smart Cities

AISAT, KALAMASSERY 5 Dept of CSE

Fig.2.1.3 Smart Garbage Bin

2.1.4. IntelliBin(The Smart Trash Bin) [4]

2.1.5. A Waste Collection Mechanism Based on IoT [5]

• This paper proposes an idea to link waste collection system to IoT.

AISAT, KALAMASSERY 6 Dept of CSE

2.1.6. Design and Implementation of a Smart Solid Waste Monitoring and

AISAT, KALAMASSERY 7 Dept of CSE

AISAT, KALAMASSERY 8 Dept of CSE

Fig.2.1.8 Proposed Model

2.1.9. Environmental Chemistry, Pollution & Waste Management [9]

AISAT, KALAMASSERY 9 Dept of CSE

2.1.11. IoT Based Intelligent Garbage Monitoring System [11]

AISAT, KALAMASSERY 10 Dept of CSE

2.1.12. Smart Waste Bin with Real-Time Monitoring System [12]

2.1.13. Smart City Waste Management System Using GSM [13]

• It will provide real-time information regarding the dustbins in the city.

AISAT, KALAMASSERY 11 Dept of CSE

2.1.14. Smart Waste Management using Internet-of-Things [14]

AISAT, KALAMASSERY 12 Dept of CSE

2.1.15. Smart Garbage Collection System in Residential Area [15]

AISAT, KALAMASSERY 13 Dept of CSE

AISAT, KALAMASSERY 14 Dept of CSE

4.1. ACTIVITY DIAGRAM

Fig.4.1 Activity Diagram

AISAT, KALAMASSERY 15 Dept of CSE

non-plastic wastes will go to another section of the waste bin.

4.2. USE-CASE DIAGRAM

Fig.4.2 Use-Case Diagram

AISAT, KALAMASSERY 16 Dept of CSE

• We have 3 actors: User, Admin & Cleaner.