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    Chemical Bonding

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    monstersacademics14

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    Chemical Bonding

    Uploaded by

    monstersacademics14
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    © All Rights Reserved
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    3 views84 pages

    Chemical Bonding

    Uploaded by

    monstersacademics14

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 84

    to complete octet/duplet but real define: to max stability min energy

    acc to octet rule


    complete share
    mutual share
    one of them share
    LE=CHARGE/SIZE
    SAME LIKE LE EFFECT
    due to electron distortion
    3d<4d<5d Exception
    pp called ionic potential
    1st this
    2nd this

    f-cl this

    structure
    this
    104.5 angle because lp-lp replusion
    overlap
    each other
    n+l rule if same more n more energy
    most seen less seen
    Equitorial<axial BL
    no molecule orbit formed= no of atomic orbit formed
    BL=single bond>double>triple
    more electron
    less stability
    MIND MAP
    FOR JEE ASPIRANTS

    Inorganic Chemistry

    Chemical
    Bonding
    OM PANDEY , IIT Delhi
    Today’s Targets
    1 Octet Rule, Formal charge

    2 VBT-Overlapping and Hybridisation

    3 VSEPR & Molecular Structure

    4 Back Bond & Bridge Bond

    5 Dipole moment & Miscellaneous

    6 MOT

    7 H-Bonding
    Covalent Bond : equal sharing of e- pair Octet Rule
    Based on stability of noble gases

    Co-ordinate Bond : Hypovalent - Incomplete Octet


    Shared between two atom
    but donated by one of them Hypervalent

    Odd e- species

    How to draw structure ?


    NH4+
    1. +ve
    Remove e– from CA
    2. –ve charge BH4-

    Oxygen is present as SA , then each


    ‘O’ will carry 1 ‘–ve’ . SO42-
    otherwise –ve charge is given to CA
    Valence Bond Theory Overlapping
    Axial :
    P.E. z

    74 pm
    r

    z
    – 435.8
    kJ/mol
    Lateral :

    + 435.8 z
    kJ/mol
    Hybridisation Orbitals of almost similar energy combined to form hybrid orbital

    Calculation of state of Hybridisation

    SN Geometry

    2 s + p Linear

    3 s + p + p Trigonal planar

    4 s + p + p + p Tetrahedral

    5 s + p + p + p + d Trigonal bi-pyramidal

    6 s + p + p + p + d + d Octahedral

    7 s + p + p + p + d + d + d Pentagonal bi-pyramidal
    AB2 Type : Linear : sp BeCl2 HgCl2 CO2
    AB3 Type : Trigonal Planar : sp2 BF3 BCl3 BH3 SO3

    AB4 Type : Trigonal Planar : sp3 CH4 NH4+


    AB5 Type : Trigonal bipyramidal : sp3d PF5 PCl5

    AB6 Type : Octahedral : sp3d2 SF6


    AB7 Type : Pentagonal bipyramidal : sp3d3 IF7
    VSEPR lp – lp > lp – bp > bp – bp ( Repulsion )
    Formal Charge Resonance

    Boron O3

    Nitrogen

    Oxygen

    Molecule’s that does not exists


    Unavailability of d-orbital in 2nd Period element

    NCl5 PCl5
    Odd e– species Bond Angle
    Count VSEP of CA if EN of SA  2.5 Molecules without lone pair
    Hybridisation
    NO2 CF3 CH3 CO2 SO3 XeO4
    sp2 sp3 sp2
    Molecules with lone pair No of lone pair
    N C C
    O O
    F
    CH4 NH3 H2O
    F F

    Drago’s Compounds NO Hybridisation EN of SA H2O OF2


    NH3 H2O
    Size of CA Size of SA
    PH3 H2S OF2
    AsH3 H2Se OBr2 OCl2
    SF2
    SbH3 H2Te
    Dipole Moment

    Linear — CO2 , CS2 , BeCl2(g)


    Symmetrical geometry — BF3 , CH4 , PCl5 , SF6 , IF7 , XeF4

    Angular — SnCl2 , PbCl2 , SO2


    Unsymmetrical geometry — NH3 , H2O , NF3 , SF4 , H2S

    NH3 Vs NF3
    ABMO Molecular Orbital Theory
    AO AO
    n ≤ 14 s-p mixing n > 14 No , s-p mixing
    BMO

    Nb − N𝑎𝑏
    BO =
    2

    Paramagnetic Behaviour
    No of unpaired electron
    =
    Diamagnetic Behaviour
    No of unpaired electron
    =
    Back Bonding
    F
    F B
    F

    Lewis Acid Character BF3 BCl3 BBr3

    e– precise bonding Bridge Bonding e– deficient bonding

    Y Y B B B
    Y
    X X A A
    Y B B B
    Y Y

    Al2Cl6 B2H6
    Hydrogen Bonding Boiling Point
    Y Z H A Mol. Mass ↑ FOA ↑

    F,O,N F,O,N H Bonding ↑ FOA ↑


    Csp, CF3, CCl3
    CH4 NH3 H2O HF

    SiH4 PH3 H2S HCl

    H-Bond GeH4 AsH3 H2Se HBr

    Intra (within molecule) SnH4 SbH3 H2Te HI


    Inter (2 or more
    molecule)

    BP

    Viscosity

    MP
    THANK YOU

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