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SOLID Principles With TypeScript

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52 views

SOLID Principles With TypeScript

Uploaded by

Anca Dragoi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Applying

SOLID
Principles
in TypeScript
(Easily refactor code)

Swipe Left
SOLID is a set of principles for writing code that is clean,
maintainable, and extensible. These principles were first proposed
by Robert C. Martin, popularly known as Uncle Bob, and have since
become the standard for object-oriented design.

But wait—aren’t these principles only for OOP? “How do we apply


SOLID in TypeScript?”

Great question! While SOLID principles primarily deal with object-


oriented programming (OOP), but the core ideas—like separating
concerns and creating flexible code—can also be adapted to
functional programming.

Think of pure functions, immutability, and higher-order functions;


these concepts align nicely with some SOLID principles.

1. Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)


The Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) states that a module or
class should have one, and only one, reason to change. In simple, it
should do one thing and do it well.

Why It’s Awesome?


It’s easier to maintain and debug code that has a clear, single
responsibility. Instead of an all-in-one tool, think of each part of
your code as a focused tool in a toolbox.

Each tool is designed to do one specific job, making it easier to


identify and fix issues when they arise.
Implementation
Identify the primary responsibility of your class or function.
Ensure that each class handles only one aspect of the
application.
Split classes that handle multiple responsibilities into smaller,
focused classes.

Anti-Pattern:

This class is responsible for both user creation and handling


database actions.

Refactor:
Separated the user data from the actions performed on that data.
This makes each class simpler and easier to maintain.

2. Open-Closed Principle (OCP)


Software entities (classes, modules, functions, etc.) should be open
for extension but closed for modification. This means you should
be able to add new functionality without changing existing code.

Why It’s Awesome?


The OCP allows you to add new features without altering the
existing code. This reduces the risk of introducing bugs into stable
parts of your application.

By following this principle, you create a more flexible system that


can adapt to new requirements while keeping the core functionality
intact.
Implementation
Use interfaces and abstract classes to define contracts.
Instead of modifying existing classes, create new ones to add
functionality.
Use composition over inheritance where possible.

Anti-Pattern:

To add a new shape, you’d have to modify this class.

Refactor:
Now, you can add new shapes (like a Triangle) without touching the
AreaCalculator class—your code is open for new shapes, but closed
for changes.

3. Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP)


If you have a class (let's call it a "base class") and a subclass, you
should be able to use subclass wherever you use base class
without causing any issues in your program.

In simple, Any instance of a subclass should be usable wherever an


instance of the base class is expected. This means that the
subclass should behave in the same way as the base class.

Why It’s Awesome?


This principle ensures consistency in your class hierarchies, making
the code more predictable and intuitive.
Implementation
Make sure subclasses should match the expected behavior of
the parent class without altering its functionality.
Avoid changing the behavior of inherited methods in
unexpected ways.
Use interfaces or abstract classes to set behavior rules
(methods and properties).

Anti-Pattern:

Here, Replacing Bird with Penguin causes an error.


Refactor:

Created a common Movable interface that both Sparrow and


Penguin implement. This allows us to use them interchangeably
without breaking the program's behavior.

4. Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)


Class should not be forced to depend on methods they do not use.
This means that if a class implements an interface, it should only
include the methods that are relevant to that class.

Why It’s Awesome?


Focused on decoupled designs. Classes only need to implement
the methods that are relevant to them, which reduces the
impact of changes and makes the system more flexible.
Implementation
Break large interfaces into smaller, more specific ones.
Define separate interfaces for distinct functionalities.
Use abstract classes or mixins for shared functionality.

Anti-Pattern:

Implement Vehicle interface in a Car class, it would be forced to


include the fly() method, which doesn't apply.

Refactor:
Now, each class only needs to implement the interfaces that are
relevant to it. The Car class doesn't need to worry about fly
method.

5. Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP)


The Dependency Inversion Principle says that high-level modules
should not depend on low-level modules—both should depend on
abstractions.

Why It’s Awesome?


This principle promotes loose coupling between modules, making
the system more flexible and easier to change. It also makes testing
easier because dependencies can be swapped out.
Implementation
Use interfaces and abstract classes to define contracts.
Ensure that changes in low-level modules do not affect high-
level module functionality.
Use dependency injection frameworks to manage
dependencies easily.

Anti-Pattern:

Here, NotificationService is tightly coupled to EmailService .


Refactor:

Now, NotificationService can work with any message service—


EmailService, SMSService, or even a future option—without
requiring any modifications to its own code.
Wrap-up
SOLID principles aren't just theoretical concepts - they're practical
guidelines that can significantly improve your code. By following
these principles, you can create more flexible, maintainable, and
robust applications.

Remember, the goal of these principles is to make your life easier,


not harder. Start small, applying these principles where you can.
Over time, you'll develop an intuition for when and how to use them
effectively.

Bonus Tip
Start Small: Implement one principle at a time.
Refactor Gradually: Focus on one class or module to ease
changes.
Adapt Flexibly: Use principles as guidelines, not strict rules.
Practice Regularly: The more you apply them, the more
intuitive they'll become.
Hope You Found
Something Valuable
Here

Repost In Your Network


To Help Others!

Jatin Kumar
@jatinkumar725

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