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Managmt Def

Anglais

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skadia085
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1.

Explained

What is Management? Definition,


Functions And Levels Explained
Written by
Indeed Editorial Team

Updated 12 August 2024

Companies and organisations need effective management to achieve


business goals. There are different levels of management that aim to
organise and coordinate the business functions of a company. If you're
interested in becoming a manager, knowing about what a manager
does can help you get an idea about the role. In this article, we discuss
what management is and its unique characteristics, objectives, levels
and functions.
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What Is Management?
Management is the process of planning and organising the resources,
operations and workflow of a business to achieve specific goals in the
most effective and efficient manner possible. Efficiency in management
refers to the completion of tasks correctly and at minimal costs.
Effectiveness in management relates to the completion of tasks within
specific timelines to yield tangible results.Related: How To Become a
Manager (With Essential Skills To Master)

Characteristics Of Management
Some of the fundamental characteristics of management are as
follows:

Multi-dimensional

Most management oversees and supervises a company or


organisation's service or production cycle. Managers provide guidance
and work closely with the members of their team. A manager considers
a staff member both as an individual with diverse needs and as a
component of the larger group. To be effective, managers influence
their team members to apply their unique strengths toward achieving
the organisation's goals.Read more: How To Develop Effective
People Management Skills

Dynamic

Management is a dynamic function and evolves and adapts to changes


in its environment, whether they are economic, socio-political or
technological. For instance, a paper company could see a decline in
sales because of the rapid adoption of screens and digital devices.
Whether the company can still survive depends on how effectively its
management can adapt to new market requirements.

Intangible

Management is not a tangible product, but its presence can change the
way an organisation functions. Management consists of ideologies,
policies and human interaction. Good management helps improve a
company's target achievement ratios, employee gratification levels and
overall ease in the company's operation.Related: What Is The
Classical Theory Of Management? (With Benefits)

Objectives Of Management
Management can have mainly three types of objectives:

Organisational objectives

Management should consider the interests of all company


stakeholders, including employees, customers and the government.
Managers are responsible for setting and achieving goals for the
organisation. Typically, the primary aim of an organisation is to achieve
growth by utilising its human, material and financial resources. There
are three general organisational objectives for any company:

 Survival: An organisation needs to generate enough revenues to


cover its operational costs.
 Profit: Profit provides incentive and is essential for covering
unprecedented costs and risks associated with running a
business.
 Growth: You can measure the growth of a business in terms of
increases in sales volume, workforce and capital investment.
Related: What Is Top Management? (With Responsibilities And
Roles)

Social objectives
To an extent, the management is also responsible for creating benefits
for the society through their work. Companies choose to do this in
different ways. Some may incorporate environment-friendly methods
of production, while others implement fair wages and opportunities.
Larger companies often maintain or fund initiatives that provide basic
amenities like healthcare and education. Based on the scale of their
operations, companies often initiate CSR (Corporate Social
Responsibility) campaigns that benefit society in different ways.

Personnel objectives

The management typically decides the financial incentives, salaries,


perks and social initiatives for their employees. Activities that improve
peer recognition and interaction like corporate outings and holiday
bonuses cater to the personnel's social growth and development.Read
more: SMART Goals: Definition and Examples

Importance Of Management
Here are some reasons management is important:

 Helps in achieving group goals:Effective management gives a


common direction to individual efforts and guides them towards
achieving the overall goals of an organisation.
 Increases efficiency:Efficiency reduces costs and increases
productivity in all spheres of an organisation's work.
 Creates a dynamic organisation:Management helps its
personnel in adapting to change so that the organisation
continues to maintain its competitive edge. How well an
organisation can respond and adapt to change can mean the
difference between its success and failure.
 Helps in achieving personal objectives:Effective management
fosters team spirit, cooperation and commitment to achieve the
organisational goals as a group, which helps each term member
achieve their personal objectives.
Read more: Management Skills: Definition and Examples
Levels Of Management
Typically management roles come in three levels in an organisation.
But, larger organisations may have more management roles within
each level for better efficiency. The three main levels include:

1. Top management

Typically, the senior-most executives in a company are the chairman,


chief executive officer, chief operating officer, president and vice-
president. Their role lies in integrating diverse components of the
company and coordinating activities of different departments. They
also analyse the business environment and its implications to
formulate goals in order to ensure the survival of the company and the
welfare of its stakeholders.

2. Middle management

Mostly composed of division heads, the middle management links the


operational management to the top management.
Division/department heads receive guidance from top managers and
are leaders to operational managers. Their job is to understand the
policies framed by the top management and relay them to their
respective divisions/departments to ensure that they follow through
with company policies and decisions.Related: How To Write An
Effective Management Trainee Resume

3. Operational management

Supervisors, section leads or forepersons directly oversee the efforts of


the workforce. They are responsible for quality control and ensure that
the work meets deadlines. The top management draws out the plans
that define the authority and responsibility of supervisors.Read
more: The Importance of Delegation of Authority in Management
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Functions Of Management
The purpose of management is to unify the efforts of different
individuals in an organisation towards achieving a common goal. These
are some functions of management:

Planning

Planning involves creating a timeline of tasks that need to be


completed to achieve a specific goal. Managers execute planning
Planning should be carried out in a systematic fashion to avoid
wastage of resources and time. A detailed plan of action minimises
confusion, risk, wastage and uncertainty.For example, the top
management in a small business may set a high sales target for one
quarter to compensate for the previous quarter's losses. A start-up's
founder may plan to make formal efforts to associate with the
government and other large institutions to expand the scale of their
operations. Heads of local digital marketing companies may plan to
create an international market for their products and services. An IT
company may decide to update their work regulations to
accommodate work-from-home for their employees.

Prioritise organisation

The objective of organising is to nurture a symbiotic relationship


between the personnel, financial and physical resources of the
company. Proper organising provides the course of action that meets
all parameters for success. Organising involves the identification and
classification of business activities, delegation and coordination.For
instance, the top managers may allocate funds or resources to
different branches. The branch managers must then allocate funds to
departments within the branch, depending on their operational
requirements. The department heads then track the day-to-day
expenditure of the funds.

Improve staffing

Staffing involves recruiting and building a team for the organisation.


The staffing process of companies is often lengthy and in-depth.
Management identifies professional roles in the company and the
skills/qualities required to perform well in these roles. The manager
then selects staff for those roles through the recruitment processes.
Once selected, candidates undergo training and join the company's
workforce. Managers are also responsible for awarding appraisals and
promotions as part of staffing.For instance, a digital marketing
company might choose to expand its operations to other cities in the
country. The top management can then decide to recruit five
marketing personnel, four visual designers, two accounting personnel,
a human resource professional and a manager for each location. They
may also decide to outsource IT, maintenance and security related
work to freelancers. The company's staffing guidelines may also
suggest that one marketing personnel and one visual designer should
move to the role of department lead, after two months of training and
one year of experience in the company.

Provide direction

Supervising, motivating and guiding the staff members is central to the


functions of a manager. Directing involves taking the steps to put the
work in motion and maintain productivity to achieve company goals.
This requires excellent leadership, communication and interpersonal
skills to drive the team towards completing organisational
objectives.For example, the middle management often makes policies
based on directions they receive from the top management.
Operational managers focus more on managing the day-to-day
functioning of the company.Read more: Top Qualities of an
Outstanding Leader

Monitor quality

Businesses function on some established standards of performance. A


manager ensures that the staff's collective output meets quantity and
quality benchmarks set by the company. Control at each level prevents
overall deviation from prescribed quality specifications.For example,
supervisors in a fast-food chain often micro-manage cashiers, cooking
staff, delivery personnel and servers to make sure that the food and
service in their branch meet quality standards. Top management
prescribes these quality standards and they usually evolve with
time.Related: Modern Theory Of Management: Types, Benefits And
Limitations
 
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