SH. JAG MOHAN CHAWLA AND ANR.

A
v.
• DERA RADHA SWAMI SATSANG AND ORS.

MAY 7, 1996

[K. RAMASWAMY AND G.B. PATTANAIK, JJ .] B

Code of Civil Procedure, 1908: Order 8, Rules 6-A to 6-G.

Counter-claim by defendmit-Maintainability of-Need not relate to

original cause of action-But could be made on an independent and different C
cause of action-Even if it accrned after institution of suit-In a suit for
injunction, counter-claim for injunction in respect of the same or a differellt
property, maintainable. .

The appellants-plaintiffs laid a suit for perpetual injunction to

restrain the respondents from interfering with their possession of the D
. property. The respondents pleaded in their written statement that they had
purchased land .situated in some other area and were in possession and
· ehjoymtnt of the .said land. They sought counter-claim of permanent in-
juncth~n to testrain the appellants from interfering with their possession
and enjoyment of the said land. The appellants had filed their replica, i.e., E
additional written statement contemplated under Order 8, Rule 6-E, Code
of Civil procedure, 1908 disputing the averments made by the respondent
in·(heir counter-claim.• They also pleaded that the counter-claim was not
maintainable. An application filed by the appellant under Order 8, Rule 6-C
and Section 151 CPC praying to exclude-the counter-claim fi'om tbe written
statement was dismissed. The High Court also dismissed the revision peti- F
tion with a direction to the trial Court to decide, as an issue, whether
property in dispute was the same which was the subject matter of the
counter-claim and to dispose of the suit after recording findings. Being
aggriev-ed, the appeUants preferred the present appeal.

On behalf of the appe1lants it was contended that in a suit for injunc-

G
tion counter-claim was ·not maintainable and that the direction issued by
the High Court to identify the land to which the counter-claim related and
was referable to the property in dispute was also not consistent.

Dismissing the appeal, this Court H

509
 :'iiO SU I'RF\11·: C:OUR1' Rl·l'UlU"S !19Wi) SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A U ELD : l.l. It is true that in money suits, decree must be conformable

to Order 10, Rule IS, {'ode of Civil Pmcedure, liJOS hut the object of amend-
ments intruduced by Rules 6A to 6G are confermrnt of a statutory right to the
defendant to set up a counter-claim imlepcndeut of the claim on the ba:-.is of
which the plaint ill laid the suit, on his own cause of action. In sub-rule (l) of
Rule 6A, the language is so cmu.:hed \\ith words of\\ide width as to enable the
B parties to bring his own independent cause uf action in respect of any claim
that would he the :-~ubject matter of an independent suit. TI1erebj, it is no longer
or
contined to money claim or to cause of action the same nature as original
action of the plaintitl: It need not relate to or be conn~cted with the original
cause of action or matter 11leaded by the plaint ill. The words ''any right or claim
C in respect of cause of action accruing with the defendant" would ~how that the
cause of action from which the counter-claim arbes need not necessarily arise
!Tom or have any nexus with the cause of action or the plaintitl that occasinned
tu lay the suit. The only limitation is that the cause of action should arise bcl"orc
the expiry of the time fixed for tiling the written statement. TilC defendant may
set up a cause uf adion which has accrued to him ~:Yen alter the institution of
D the suit. The cuuntcr-daim expressly is treated as a cross suit with all the
indicia of pleadings as a plaint induding the duty tu aver his cau~c of action
and also payment of retJUisite court tee thc1-eon. Instead of rell-gating the
defendant to an independent suit, to avert multiplicity of the prncceding and
neccUess Jlrotractinn, the legislature intended to try both the suit and the
E counter-claim in the same suit as suit and cross suit and have them disposed
. of in the same trial. llws, a defendant can claim any right by way of a
cuuntcr-daim in respect of any cause of action that has accrued to him even
though it i~ independent of the cause nt"action awn·cd by the plaintiff and have
the same cause of action adjudicated without relegating the defendant to tile
a separate snit. [513-E-H; 514-A-C]
F

1.2. Oppnrtunity also has been provided under Rule 6-C to seek
deletion uf the counter-claim. The trial Court had not found it necessary to
delete the counter-claim. The High Court directed to examine the identity
of the property. Even othernise, it being an independent cause of action,
G though the identity of the property may be dilierent, there arises no il-
legality warranting dismissal of f:ounter claim. ~onetheless, in the same
suit, both the claim in the suit and the counter-claim could be tried and
decided and dis)Jnsed of in the same suit. Hence, in a suit for injunction,
counter-claim for injunction in respect of the same or a ditTerent property
H is maintainable. [514-C-F]
 J.M.CliAWLA v. DERARADHASWAMISATSANG [K. RAMASWAMY,J.) 511

Laxmidas Dahayabhai Kabmwala v. Nanablwi Clumilal Kabanvala & A

Ors., [1964] 2 SCC 567 and Mahendra Kumar & Anr. v. State of Madhya
Pradesh & Ors., [1987] 3 SCC 265, relied on.

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 8275 of

1996.
B
From the Judgment and Order dated 1.8.94 of the Punjab & Haryana
High Court in
C.R. No. 1272 of 1994.

Pramod Dayal for the appellants.

H.N. Salve N.D. Garg, Rajiv Kr. Garg for the Respondents. c
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

K. RAMASWAMY, J. Leave granted.

Heard learned counsel on both .sides. D

This appeal by special leave arises from the .Judgment and order
dated August l, 1994 in Civil Revision No. 1272 of 1994 of the Punjab and
Haryana High Court. The appellants-plaintiffs laid the suit No. 896/92
before the Sub-Judge, Amritsar for perpetual injunction to restrain the
respondents from interfering with their possession of the property bearing E
Khasr<l No. 456, Purana Bazar, G.T. Road, Beas. On receipt of the sum-
mons in the suit, the respondent filed written statement ple<1ding, inter alia,
that they had purchased the lands in Khasra No. 103/1 situated at Budha
Theh, Tehsil Baba Bakala, District Amritsar, Punj<1b and that they are in
possession and enjoyment of 18 marlas of the said land. They sought F
counter-claim of permanent injunction to restrain the appellants from
interfering with their possession and enjoyment of the said land. The
appellants had filed their replica, i.e., additional written statement con-
templated under Order 8, Rule 6E, CPC disputing the averments made by
the respondent in their counter-claim. They also pleaded that the counter-
claim is not maintainable. An application under Order 8, Rule 6C and G
Section 151 CPC was filed praving
•
to exclude the counter-claim from Ithe
written statement. The Subordinate Judge by his order dated November
11,1993 dismissed the application. The revision came to be dismissed by
the High Court by the impugned order with direction to the trial Court to
decide, as an issue, whether property in dispute is the same which is the H
 512 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A subject matter of the counter-claim and to dispose of the suit after record-
ing findings. Thus, this appeal by special leave.

Shri Pramod Dayal, learned counsel for the appellant, contended

that in a suit for injunction, cause of action is based upon the threat of
dispossession and interference with peaceful possession and enjoyment of
B the suit property by the respondent. The counter-claim is referable only in
relation to money suits. In other words, in a suit for injunction, the
counter-claim is not maintainable. The trial Court, therefore, ought to have
excluded the counter-claim from the written statement and allowed the
petition. He also contended that the direction issued by the High Court to
C identify the land where the counter-claim relates to and is referable to the
property in dispute, is also not consistent. The counsel for the respondent
Shri Hiuish Salve resisted the contentions and argued that the object of
the Amendment in Rule 6A to G is to avoid multiplicity of proceedings
and all claims whether based on same or different cause of action between
D parties to the suit should be tried and decided in the same proceedings as
delineated in Rule 6A etc.

The question, therefore is: whether in a suit for injunction, counter-

claim for injunction in respect of the same or a different property is
maintainable? Whether counter-claim can be made on different cause of
E action? It is true that preceding CPC Amendment Act, 1976, Rule 6 of
Order 8 limited the remedy to set off or counter-claim laid in a \vritten
statement only in a money suit. By CPC Amendment Act, 1976, Rules 6A
to 6G were brought on statute. Rule 6A(l) provides that a defendant in a
suit may, in addition to his right of pleading a set off under Rule 6, set up
F by way of counter-claim against the claim of the plaintiff, any right or claim
in respect of a cause of action accruing to the defendant against the
plaintiff either before or after the filing of the suit but before the defendant
has delivered his defence or before the time limited for delivering his
defence has expired, whether such counter-claim is in the nature of a claim
for damage or not. A limitation put in entertaining the counter-claim is as
G provided in the proviso to sub-rule (1). namely, the counter-claim shall not
exceed the pecuniary limits of the jurisdiction of the Court. Sub-rule (2)
amplifies that such counter-claim shall have the same effect as a cross-suit
so as to enable the Court to pronounce a final judgment in the same suit,
both on the original claim and on the counter-claim. The plaintiff shall be
H given liberty to file a writtt:n statement to answer the. counter-claim of the
 J.M.CHAWlA v. DERARADHASWAMISATSANG[K.RAMASWAMY,J.] 513

defendant within such period as may be fixed by the Court. The counter- A
claim is directed to be treated, by operation of sub-rule ( 4) thereof, as a
plaint governed by the rules of the pleadings of the plaint. Even before
1976 Act was brought on statute, this Court in Lw..111idas Dahyabhai
Kabanvala v. Nanabhai Chunilal Kabmwala and Ors., [1964] 2 SCR 567,
had come to consider the case of suit and cross suit by way of counter-
B
claim. Therein, suit was filed for enforcement of an agreement to the effect
that partnership between the parties had been dissolved and the partners
had arrived at a specific amount to be paid to the appellant in full
satisfaction of the share of one of the partners in the partnership, and there
by decree for settlement of accounts was sought. Therein the legal repre-
sentatives of the deceased partner contended in the written statement, not c
only denying the settlement of accounts but also made a counter-claim in
the written statement for the rendition of accounts against the appellant
and paid the court free as plaint. They also sought a prayer to treat the
counter-claim as a cross suit. The tri-al Court dismissed the suit and the
counter-claim. On appeal, the learned Single Judge accepted the counter- D
claim on a plaint in a cross suit and remitted the suit for trial in accordance
with law. On appeal, per majority, this Court had accepted the
respondents' plea in the written statement to be a counter-claim for settle-
ment of their claim and defence in written statement as a cross suit. The
counter-claim could be treated as a cross suit and it could be decided in E
the same suit without relegating the parties to a fresh suit. ll is true that
in money suits, decree must be conformable to Order 20, Rule 18, CPC
but the object of the amendments introduced by Rules 6A to 6G are
conferment of a statutory right to the defendant to set up a counter-claim
independent of the claim on the basis of which the plaintiff laid the suit,
on his own cause of action. In sub-rule (1) of Rule 6A, the language is so
F
couched with the words of wide width as to enable the parties to bring his
own independent cause of action in respect of any claim that would be the
subject matter of an independent suit. Thereby, it is no longer confined to
money claim or to cause of action of the same nature as original action of
the plaintiff. It need not relate to or be connected with the original cause G
of action or matter pleaded by the plaintiff. The words "any right or claim
in respect of a cause of action accruing with the defendant" - would show
that the cause of action from which the counter-claim arises need not
necessarily arise from or have any nexus with the cause of action of the
plaintiff that occasioned to lay the suit. The only limitation is that the cause H
 514 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996) SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A of action should arise before the time Gxed for filing the written statement
expires. The defendant may set up a cause of action which has accrued to
him even after the institution of the suit. The counter-claim expressely is
treated as a cross suit with all the indicia of pleadings as a plaint including
the duty to aver his cause of action and also payment of the requisite court

B
fee thereon. Instead of relegating the defendant to an independent suit, to
avert multiplicity of the proceeding and needless protraction, the legisla-
ture intended to try both the suit and the counter-claim in the same suit as
suit and cross suit and have them disposed of in the same trial. In other
words, a defendant can claim any right by way of a counter-claim in respect
of any cause of action that has accrued to him even though it is inde-
C pendent of the cause of action averred by the plaintiff and have the same
cause of action adjudicated without relegating the defendant to file a
separate suit. Acceptance of the contention of the appellant tends to defeat
the purpose of amendment. Opportunity also has been provided under
Rule 6-C to seek deletion of the counter-claim. It is seen that the trial
D Court had not found it necessary to delete the counter-claim. The High
Court directed to examine the idenlity of the property. Even otherwise, it
being an independent cause of action, though the identity of the property
may be different, there arises no illegality warranting dismissal of counter-
claim. Nonetheless, in the same suit, both the claim in the suit and the
counter-claim could be tried and decided and disposed of in the same suit.
E In Mahendra Kumar & Anr v. State of Madhya Pradesh & Ors., [1987] 3 SCC
265 where a Bench of two Judges of this Court was to consider the
controversy, held that &ince the cause of action for the counter-claim had
arisen before filing of the written statement, the counter-claim was main-
tainable. The question therein was of limitation with which we are not
concerned in this case. Thus considered we find that there is no merit in
F
the appeal.

The appeal is accordingly dismissed. No costs.

v.s.s. Appeal dismissed.