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    unravelling_cell_differentiation_and_stem_cells

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    Badejo Anthony
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    unravelling_cell_differentiation_and_stem_cells

    Uploaded by

    Badejo Anthony
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    notes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views3 pages

    unravelling_cell_differentiation_and_stem_cells

    Uploaded by

    Badejo Anthony
    notes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Unravelling Cell Differentiation and Stem Cells

    Understanding Cell Differentiation

    Cell differentiation is the process by which cells become specialised, acquiring different
    organelles to perform specific functions.

    Role of DNA in Cell Specialisation

    All cells in a multicellular organism contain the same DNA, but different genes are
    expressed in specialised cells.

    Differentiation in Animals vs Plants

    In animals, most cell differentiation occurs during the embryonic stage, whereas in plants,
    cells can differentiate throughout the organism's life.

    Specialised Cells and Their Functions

    Sperm cells fuse with egg cells during fertilisation, while ciliated cells remove dirt and
    bacteria from airways.

    Stem Cells: The Basics

    Stem cells are undifferentiated cells capable of dividing and becoming specialised cells like
    nerve or blood cells.

    Types of Stem Cells

    Embryonic stem cells can become any adult cell type, while adult stem cells have a limited
    differentiation ability.

    Stem Cells in Plants

    Meristem cells in plants are fully undifferentiated and can become any type of plant cell.

    Medical Applications of Stem Cells

    Stem cells can be used to grow tissues with a patient's DNA to treat diseases like type 1
    diabetes or paralysis.

    Challenges and Potential of Stem Cell Technology

    Stem cell technology holds promise for repairing damaged organs by growing new tissue
    from patient-specific stem cells.
    Questions

    Q1 What is the main difference between embryonic and adult stem cells?

    Embryonic stem cells are found in bone marrow


    Embryonic stem cells can become any type of adult cell
    Adult stem cells can become any type of adult cell
    Adult stem cells are found in the meristems

    Q2 What controls the appearance and function of a cell?

    RNA
    DNA
    Proteins
    Lipids

    Q3 What is the primary function of a sperm cell?

    To fuse with an egg cell during fertilisation


    To carry electrical messages long distances
    To absorb water and nutrients from soil
    To waft dirt and mucus out of airways

    Q4 What is the difference between genes in different cells of an organism?

    Different cells express different genes


    All cells have no genes
    Different cells have different DNA
    All cells express the same genes

    Q5 Plant cells can _____________ throughout the organism's life.

    Q6 All cells in an organism contain the same ___.

    Q7 Stem cells in plants are found in _________.


    Q8 What is the role of a ciliated cell?

    To fuse with egg cells during fertilisation


    To carry electrical messages long distances
    To waft dirt, mucus, and bacteria out of the airways
    To absorb water and nutrients from soil

    Q9 Root hair cells have a large surface area for __________.

    Q10 Why do root hair cells have a large surface area?

    To absorb water and nutrients quickly from the soil


    To fuse with egg cells during fertilisation
    To waft dirt and mucus out of airways
    To carry electrical messages long distances

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