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IRON & STEEL INDUSTRY

IN INDIA
• The real development of this industry
began with the setting up of TISCO in
1907

IRON AND • It can be owned both by Private and


Public sectors
STEEL (Bhilai, Bokaro, Durgapur, Visvesvaraya,
IISCO - public sector)

• India ha six integrated steel plants-


TISCO is the only one in the private
sector.
IMPORTANCE OF IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY

• Economic Index of a nation’s business activity and standard


of living of its population

• Helps in producing Capital Goods

Steel is needed to manufacture :


• Engineering goods
• Railway equipment
• Defence equipment
• Construction Industry
• Ships
• Tanks

• IT IS THEREFORE KNOWN A ‘KEY’ OR ‘BASIC’ INDUSTRY


A steel plant where ALL processes involved in steel
making are carried out one complex .

INTEGRATED ADVANTAGES

STEEL PLANT 1. Employs a large number of people

2. Provides raw materials to various other industries


A steel plant where all processes involved in steel
making are NOT carried out in one complex is called
a MINI STEEL PLANT.

• THESE PERFORM ONLY SOME OR ONE OF THE


PROCESSES INVOLVED IN STEEL MAKING .

• USE STEEL SCRAP – THEREFORE DON’T NEED TO BE


MINI STEEL LOCATED CLOSE TO SOURCES OF RAW MATERIAL

PLANTS • USE AN ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE

• MAKE IRON INGOTS OR BILLETS

• THEY ARE USUALLY LOCATED WITHIN CITIES- WELL


DISTRIBUTED ACROSS THE COUNTRY

• THEY CAN BE SET UP WITH COMPARITIVELY LESSER


CAPITAL.
SCRAP IRON
PIG IRON - Crude iron as first obtained from a smelting furnace, in the form of oblong blocks
• ESSAR STEEL PLANT- HAZIRA, GUJARAT
SOME
IMPORTANT • MUKUND STEEL- MUMBAI,
MAHARASHTRA
MINI STEEL
• JINDAL STEEL PLANT – RAIGARH,
PLANTS CHHATISGARH
• IRON - TO MAKE PIG IRON AND STEEL

• COAL – FOR SMELTING

• MANGANESE - REMOVES IMPURITIES & MAKES STEEL


HARD
RAW MATERIALS
• LIMESTONE, DOLOMITE, GYPSUM - USED AS FLUX
NEEDED FOR ADDED WHILE SMELTING TO REMOVE IMPURITIES
MAKING IRON &
STEEL • FERRO ALLOYS LIKE TUNGSTEN,NICKEL,
MANGANESE, COBALT - TO GALVANISE STEEL TO
PREVENT RUSTING

• SCRAP IRON- USED INSTEAD OF IRON ORE


1. PROXIMITY TO IRON MINES

FACTORS FOR 2. PROXIMITY TO COAL MINES

LOCALISATION 3. AVAILABILITY OF HYDRO POWER

OF THE 4. MARKET FOR THE FINAL PRODUCTS


INDUSTRY EG – VIZAG STEEL PNAT( PRODUCTS FOR SHIP
BUILDING)
BOILERS
STEEL PIPES
RAILWAY SLEEPERS

GALVANISED STEEL SHEETS FISH PLATES FOR RAILWAYS


BILLETS

BILLETS

IRON SHEETS
TATA IRON AND STEEL ( TISCO )

LOCATION SOURCE IRON ORE COAL MANGANESE LIMESTONE PRODUCTS MISSCELANEOUS


OF MANUFACTURED
POWER
JAMSHEDPUR Coal Singhbhum Jharia Naomundi Singhbhum Billets River
(200 km from (Jharia) (Jharkhand) (Bihar) (Orissa) (Limestone Plates Subarnarkha
Kolkata) and Iron sheets, provides water
Mayurbhanhj Dolomite) Rails,
At the junction Damodar (Orissa) Sleepers for Labour force
of rivers Valley railways from Bihar,
Subaranarekha Project Wheels, Bengal, U.P
and Kharkhai )
Branch of Eastern
Railway is
present

TiISCO IS THE LARGEST PVT. ENTERPRISE TO BE SET UP - 1907


TISCO - JAMSHEDPUR
ROURKELA IRON AND STEEL PLANT

LOCATION SOURCE IRON ORE COAL MANGANESE LIMESTONE PRODUCTS MISSCELANEOUS


OF MANUFACTURED
POWER
RORKELA MAYRBHANJ RANIGANJ NAOMUNDI BIRMITRAPUR HEAVY STEEL HYDROELECTRIC
(ORISSA) BOANIGARH JHARIA PLATES FOR POWER FROM
KEONJHAR TALCHER TRAINS THE HIRAKUD
DEVELOPED NAOMUNDI KORBA PROJECT ON
WITH THE LOCOMOTIVES R. MAHANADI.
HELP OF
KRUPPS AND BOILERS LOCATED ON THE
DEMAG- A RAILWAY LINE
GERMAN PIPES FOR BETWEEN
FIRM MATHURA MUMBAI AND
REFINERY KOLKATA

SPECIAL STEEL FOR


LAUNCH OF
INDIAN SPACE

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