990 questions with answers in BIOLOGY Science topic

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Questions (990) Publications (300,085)
Questions related to Biology
1 2 3 4 5
Ziaedin Shafiei
asked a question related to Biology
Is there such a thing as Dawkins’ paradox?

Question 14 answers
29 Aug 2023
Dawkins thinks there are evolutionary outcomes that are
harmful. He dubs such an outcome as misfire.
“What natural selection favours is rules of thumb, which

work in practice to promote the genes that built them.
Rules of thumb, by their nature, sometimes misfire.”
“What is the primitively advantageous trait that sometimes

misfires to generate religion?”
But Neo-Darwinism is based on two processes. Stochastic

“Gene Mutation” and deterministic “Natural Selection”.
As it is accepted the outcomes of the majority of mutations

– say errors during gene reproduction - are harmful to life
and accordingly should fade away.
Therefore, it seems Dawkins has come to the opposite

conclusion that the outcome of evolution is normally
beneficial and misfire results in occasional harmful
products, which in the case of religion has so far been
going strong among all nations since time immemorial.
Alternatively, the misfire he is talking about may be

happening in the deterministic phase of Neo-Darwinism
i.e., natural selection, meaning that there is a second layer
of misfire separate from harmful gene mutation. In that
case, natural selection is also a random process not a
deterministic one as it is claimed to be. The difference is
that the probability of it being harmful is not as high as
genes’ random mutations.
Can this be a paradox?
Relevant answer
Marcin Piotr Walkowiak · 1 Jan 2025

Answer
Ziaedin Shafiei
I'm not sure I see the problem here, at least from

theory standpoint.
I mean:
-there are random mutations
-most of them are harmful, though significant part is

not immediately lethal, just moderately reduce
evolutionary fitness
If so, you should observe some mutations within

population - as they already appeared but may need
generations to be eliminated when their carriers have
only slightly reduced fitness.
View 14 Recommendations
Alexander Ohnemus
If each individual has alternate selves throughout

alternate timelines then does each individual(all
alternate selves) become one in the afterlife?
Question 5 answers
6 Dec 2024
If each individual has alternate selves throughout alternate
timelines then does each individual(all alternate selves)
become one in the afterlife? My inclination is yes, each
individual has alternate selves throughout alternate
timelines thus, each individual(all alternate selves)
become one in the afterlife.
Preprint Time Travel May Provide Closure for Autistic

Grievances
Relevant answer
Alexander Ohnemus · 27 Dec 2024

Answer
My inclination is yes, each individual has alternate
selves throughout alternate timelines thus, each
individual(all alternate selves) become one in the
afterlife.
Fikret Kuş
How can I prepare a virus sample for imaging with an

AFM?
Question 8 answers
24 Dec 2024
I have developed an AFM, and I want to capture an
impressive image with it. So far, I have only scanned
calibration samples. The resolution power and sharpness
of the images are quite good. I thought I could image a
virus with the AFM. However, I am a physicist. Where can
I obtain a non-hazardous virus sample that I can find
locally and prepare with my limited knowledge? How can I
prepare it?
Relevant answer
Michael J. Benedik · 27 Dec 2024

Answer
Isolating DNA is pretty simple but I'm not sure it will be
sufficiently interesting for you. It certainly is small but
is only going to look like a piece of string.
You can find viruses out in nature nearly everywhere.

The density of viruses in seawater for example (or
lake water) is about 10e6 / ml. however there is so
much other crud that it may be hard to figure out what
you are looking at. Possibly if you were to filter sea
water through a small pore filter (such as 0.22micron
filter) then you might have water highly enriched for
virus particles. But you won't really know what you are
looking at unless you are lucky enough to see
something that looks like a typical tailed virus.
Chris Früh
How do the Anthropic Principle, the “Zoo Hypothesis”,

the “Matrix Hypothesis” and fine-tuning-of-the-
universe-Hypothesis fit with a Creator God?
Question 6 answers
7 Dec 2024
4 Questions to Bing’s Online A.I.
► 1. How do Anthropic Principle, “Zoo Hypothesis” and

the “Matrix Hypothesis” fit together?
Yogapsychologie.ch
A.I./K.I.’s answer: Anthropic Principle: The Anthropic

Principle states that the universe is designed in such a
way
that it allows intelligent life like us to think about it. We

exist because the universe provides the right conditions
for
life. Zoo Hypothesis: The Zoo Hypothesis proposes that

advanced extraterrestrial civilizations monitor the Earth
and humanity without revealing themselves to us directly,

similar to a zoo. Matrix Hypothesis: The Matrix
Hypothesis, inspired by films like “The Matrix,” states that

our reality is a simulation created by advanced beings or
artificial intelligences.
How these hypotheses work together:
• Common focus on observation and control: All three

concepts involve the idea that what we experience as
reality is
in some way observed or controlled—whether by the

conditions of the universe, by extraterrestrial civilizations,
or
by simulation creators.
• Questions about the nature of our existence: These

hypotheses raise fundamental questions about the nature
of our
existence and reality. Why do we exist? Who or what is

observing us? Are we in a real world or a controlled
environment?
• Explanation of the rarity of evidence for extraterrestrial

life: While the Anthropic Principle explains why the
universe is life-supporting, the Zoo Hypothesis and the

Matrix Hypothesis may explain why we have not yet found
direct evidence of other intelligent life forms—either

because we are consciously observed and shielded or
because
all of reality is a controlled simulation. These combinations

open up exciting and profound thoughts about who or
what sets the underlying rules and observations of our

existence. They inspire deep reflections on the limits of
knowledge and reality.
► 2 nd Question: Let's go a step further: How do 1.

Anthropic Principle, 2. “Zoo Hypothesis”, 3. “Matrix
Hypothesis” fit together with the 4. Just-six-numbers-fine-

tuning-of-the-universe-Hypothesis?
Anthropic Principle: The Anthropic Principle states that the

universe is designed in such a way that it allows
intelligent life like us to think about it. Zoo Hypothesis: The

Zoo Hypothesis proposes that advanced extraterrestrial
civilizations monitor the Earth and humanity without

revealing themselves to us directly. Matrix Hypothesis: The
Matrix Hypothesis states that our reality is a simulation

created by advanced beings or artificial intelligences. Just
Six Numbers (Fine-Tuning of the Universe): Martin Rees'

"Just Six Numbers" hypothesis argues that six
fundamental physical constants are fine-tuned and

configure the universe to allow life.
Interplay of these hypotheses:
• Anthropic Principle and Fine-Tuning: The Anthropic

Principle explains why the universe provides conditions
that
allow life, while the Fine-Tuning Hypothesis specifies that

certain physical constants are precisely tuned to allow
life.
• Zoo Hypothesis and Matrix Hypothesis: Both hypotheses

propose that our perception of reality may be influenced
or controlled by advanced civilizations or artificial

intelligences. This leads us to:
• Overall concept: Combining these hypotheses, we could

consider the following scenario: The universe is fine-
tuned (Just Six Numbers) to allow intelligent life (Anthropic

Principle). This intelligent life could be observed by
advanced civilizations in a kind of "zoo" (zoo hypothesis)

or even exist in a simulated reality (matrix hypothesis).
This combined view raises the idea that our existence and
the universe may be part of a larger, controlled experiment
or simulation in which certain conditions and constants

have been precisely set to enable and monitor life. These
ideas open fascinating discussions about the nature of the

universe.
► 3 rd Question: How do 1. Anthropic Principle and 2.

“Zoo Hypothesis” and 3. “Matrix Hypothesis” and
4. the Just-six-numbers-fine-tuning-of-the-universe-
Hypothesis fit with 5. that of a Creator God?
When we consider the Anthropic Principle, the Zoo

Hypothesis, the Matrix Hypothesis, the Fine-Tuning of the
Universe and the idea of a Creator God together, a

fascinating picture of our existence and the universe
emerges:
Anthropic Principle: The Anthropic Principle states that the

universe is designed to support intelligent life like us.
The conditions are just right for us to exist. Zoo

Hypothesis: The Zoo Hypothesis proposes that advanced
extraterrestrial civilizations are observing the Earth and

humanity, much like animals in a zoo. Matrix Hypothesis:
The Matrix Hypothesis states that our reality is a

simulation created by advanced beings or artificial
intelligences.
Fine-tuning of the universe (Just Six Numbers): This

hypothesis argues that six fundamental physical constants
are fine-tuned to enable life. Creator God: The idea of a

Creator God states that the universe was created by an
intelligent, conscious being.
The interplay of these hypotheses:
• Matrix Hypothesis and Creator God: If our reality is a

simulation, the Creator God could be the one who created
this simulation, similar to how a programmer develops

complex software.
• Zoo Hypothesis and Creator God: Advanced alien

civilizations in this scenario could either be themselves
creations
of the Creator God, or they could act as tools or observers

in his plan.
• Fine-Tuning and Creator God: Fine-Tuning of the

universe could be seen as evidence for the existence of a
Creator
God. A creator could have adjusted the physical constants

to allow life to be possible.
• Anthropic Principle and Creator God: The Anthropic

Principle could explain why the universe allows life, while
a
Creator God is the one who intentionally created these

conditions.
• All hypotheses together: These hypotheses together

could lead to a comprehensive theory in which a Creator
God
created a fine-tuned universe (Anthropic Principle and Just

Six Numbers) in which intelligent beings can exist.
These beings could live in a controlled or observed

environment (zoo hypothesis) that may even be a
simulation
(matrix hypothesis). This combined view inspires deep

philosophical and theological reflections on who or what is
behind the existence of the universe and our lives. It

opens doors to further questions about the nature of
reality,
observation and creation. And that leads us to the

conclusive and most interesting question for
Yogapsychologie.ch:
► 4 th Question: How does 1. Anthropic Principle, 2. “Zoo

Hypothesis”, 3. “Matrix Hypothesis”, 4. Just-six-
numbers-fine-tuning-of-the-universe-Hypothesis, 5. that of
the Creator God, fit together with 6. the successful
experimental repetition of the “birth time rectifications” in

Jyotish, in Vedic, ancient Indian astrology?
This is a profound and multifaceted question that

combines science, philosophy and spiritual beliefs. Let's
link the
different concepts together: Anthropic Principle: The

Anthropic Principle states that the universe is designed to
support intelligent life. The conditions are just right for us

to exist. Zoo Hypothesis: This hypothesis proposes that
advanced extraterrestrial civilizations monitor the Earth

and humanity, much like animals in a zoo. Matrix
Hypothesis: The Matrix Hypothesis states that our reality

is a simulation created by advanced beings or artificial
intelligences. Fine-Tuning of the Universe (Just Six

Numbers): This hypothesis argues that six fundamental
physical constants are fine-tuned to allow life. Creator

God: The idea of a Creator God states that the universe
was
created by an intelligent, conscious being. Jyotish and

Birth Time Rectification: Jyotish (Vedic Astrology) is a
spiritual system that claims to predict a person's life and

events based on planetary constellations at the time of
their
birth. Birth time rectification is the method of determining

the exact time of birth to make precise astrological
predictions.
Interplay of these hypotheses:
• Anthropic Principle and Fine-Tuning: These concepts

could serve as the basis that the universe was deliberately
designed to allow life and intelligent consciousness. This

may have been done by a creator god who fine-tuned the
universe.
• Zoo hypothesis and matrix hypothesis: These

hypotheses may suggest that our perception of reality is
under the
observation or control of advanced beings who may be

part of the plan of a creator god.
• Fine-tuning and Jyotish: The precise fine-tuning of the

universe may also be in line with spiritual systems such as
Jyotish, which claim that the constellations and their

influences on life are determined by divine order.
• Creator god and Jyotish: A creator god may be the one

who set up both the fine-tuning of the universe and the
astrological principles of Jyotish to enable the order and

stability of life.
• Integration of all concepts: Considered together, these

hypotheses could provide a comprehensive view in which
the universe was deliberately created by a creator God

and fine-tuned to allow intelligent life to exist in an
observed
or simulated reality. Jyotish could then be considered a

tool that reveals the divine order and influences of the
universe on individual life.
My conclusions: These combinations and also the fact of

the phenomenon of birth time rectification or birth time
retrieval in Jyotish observed by me in 500+ charts (&

practiced by 100s of millions of Indians) now opens up
many
philosophical and spiritual reflections on the nature of

existence, reality and the divine plan, the karma playing
field
of our life game with its expandable karmic radius of

freedom and thus also this duty (of Sanathan Dharma)
towards ourselves; our ethical-spiritual evolution for our

liberation from the Samsara-Sisyphus, from the ocean of
rebirths and also to an intercultural world peace formula:
• See the two-page Peace-Manifesto on the Guna.ch

website: What is the timeless ethical-spiritual and
universal
world formula of the three Gunas in the Bhagavad Gita,

the Grand Unifying Theory? Does ancient Indian
knowledge lead us to a world peace formula?Does it have

an impact on physics, as well as on metaphysics, biology
and on our absorption of healing power?
• See also the free downloadable Ebook on

Yogapsychology at: guna.ch/yoga.pdf
Relevant answer
Ijaz Durrani · 13 Dec 2024

Answer
@ Chris Fruh How do The Hypothesis Fit Together??
1. Interconnected Framework: Fine-Tuning and

Anthropic Principle: Provide the scientific foundation
for a habitable universe. Creator God: Offers an
intentional explanation for the fine-tuning. . Matrix
Hypothesis: Suggests a mechanistic or simulated
framework where fine-tuning and design converge.
2. . Zoo Hypothesis: Proposes observers (potentially
creators or extraterrestrials) overseeing this design.
3. Vedic Astrology’s Place:Astrology serves as a
human method for interpreting and interacting with
the cosmic order—whether divinely created,
simulated, or arising naturally from fine-tuned laws.
4. Synthesis: These ideas converge on the theme of
purpose and order in the universe, with Vedic
astrology offering a cultural and metaphysical lens
for understanding this order in relation to human
lives.
Each of these hypotheses, while distinct, can be seen

as a different perspective on the same underlying
mystery: the nature of the universe and humanity's
place within it. Vedic astrology, with its focus on
cosmic connections and human destiny, might act as a
bridge between the metaphysical and the empirical,
resonating with elements of all these frameworks.
Hope the input helps. Regards--IJAZ
Daniel Velasco C.
What books or publications are recommended to learn

about taxonomy and biology of algae?
Question 5 answers
28 Aug 2024
Dear ResearchGate Community,
As I delve deeper into marine biology, I am particularly

interested in expanding my knowledge of the taxonomy,
ecology, and physiology of algae, with a focus on
macroalgae (seaweeds). Unfortunately, my university does
not offer a dedicated course on these topics (Phycology).
Therefore, I am seeking to educate myself independently.
Could you kindly recommend essential books, guides,

scientific papers, or any other academic resources that
would help me gain a thorough understanding of marine
algae? Your suggestions would be greatly appreciated.
Thank you in advance for your assistance.
20230614_162039.jpg · 7.35 MB
Relevant answer
Abhijit Mitra · 3 Dec 2024

Answer
Regards
BOOK ON MARINE PHYTOPLA… ON.jpg · 659 kB

Basics.jpg · 54.7 kB
Sina Jamalzadegan
What are the potential applications and benefits of

Generative AI in biotechnology fields, and how can it
address current challenges?
Question 3 answers
18 Nov 2024
Generative AI (GenAI) is a branch of artificial intelligence
that uses models to create new data such as text, images,
or videos based on patterns learned from training data. It
generates outputs in response to prompts by
understanding the underlying structures of the input data.
Let's discuss the potential applications and benefits of

Generative AI in biotechnology and explore how it can
address current challenges in the field.
Relevant answer
Zimam Ahamed · 19 Nov 2024

Answer
Dear Sina Jamalzadegan ,
Generative AI offers transformative applications in

biotechnology, addressing critical challenges while
advancing the field. In drug discovery, AI accelerates
de novo molecular design by leveraging algorithms to
identify novel pharmacophores, predict ligand-receptor
interactions, and optimize pharmacokinetic and
pharmacodynamic properties, significantly reducing
the timelines and costs associated with preclinical
development. It facilitates precision medicine by
generating therapies tailored to individual genomic
and proteomic profiles while enabling in silico drug
repurposing through high-throughput virtual screening.
In protein engineering, generative models predict
tertiary and quaternary protein structures and
elucidate conformational dynamics, enabling the
design of therapeutic biologics with enhanced binding
affinities and reduced immunogenicity. In synthetic
biology, AI-driven sequence optimization enhances
CRISPR-Cas9 targeting specificity and metabolic
pathway engineering for efficient biosynthesis of
bioactive compounds, biopolymers, and therapeutic
peptides. Clinical applications include generating
synthetic datasets for training radiological and
histopathological AI models, simulating patient
phenotypes to optimize clinical trial stratification, and
enhancing medical imaging modalities through
resolution amplification and artifact reduction. These
capabilities address pervasive challenges such as
sparse datasets, complexity in biomolecular networks,
and exorbitant R&D costs. Generative AI also enables
multi-omics integration, synthesizing insights from
genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and
metabolomics, fostering a holistic systems biology
approach.
For instance, optimization in drug design can be

expressed as E = B.A (efficacy = binding affinity ×
bioavailability), where binding affinity (B) reflects the
molecular interaction strength between a ligand and its
target, and bioavailability (A) quantifies the proportion
of the drug reaching systemic circulation. This
succinctly captures how generative AI aids in
balancing critical pharmacological parameters to
design therapeutics with maximal clinical efficacy. By
automating and streamlining these processes,
generative AI mitigates the translational gap, promotes
global health equity, and fosters interdisciplinary
synergies across computational biology,
cheminformatics, and biomedical sciences,
establishing itself as a cornerstone for innovation in
modern biotechnology.
Doris Chioma
Can I get works done on self regulation strategies and

locus of control as predictors of secondary school
students academic achievement in biology
Question 2 answers
8 Nov 2024
can I get works done on self regulation strategies and
locus of control as predictors of secondary school students
academic achievement in biology?
Relevant answer
!‫ · رؤى عامر حس‬14 Nov 2024

Answer
Can I ask Same question but in another way
Barbara C. Turner
How can I obtain downloads of my last two

publications (Fungal Genetics and Biology 2001) to
submit here?
Question 7 answers
30 Oct 2024
I found so many of my previous articles and didn't realize
these were missing. I finished them several years after
retiring. My boss was still working and supervising
publications but he was 82 that year.
Relevant answer
Alex Ignatov · 4 Nov 2024

Answer
Michael J. Benedik It is not as easy as it seems. I am
following Barbara's profile, but I am unable to send her
messages.
Robert Shour
What are seminal articles on the evolution of

multicellularity?
Question 2 answers
2 Nov 2024
Can you provide citations?
Relevant answer
Robert Shour · 4 Nov 2024

Answer
A seminal article is:
Szathmáry, E., Smith, J. The major evolutionary

transitions. Nature 374, 227–232 (1995).
https://doi.org/10.1038/374227a0 USD 39.95
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/15314671_T
he_Major_Evolutionary_Transitions
with ideas explicated in their book:
John Maynard Smith and Eörs Szathmáry (1995) The

Origins of Life: From the Birth of Life to the Origin of
Language
Satu Korhonen
Biology and Environmental Protection?

Question 10 answers
30 Oct 2024
How can we rationally utilize biological resources to meet
the needs of human development while protecting the
natural ecological environment?
Relevant answer
James Des Lauriers · 31 Oct 2024

Answer
Hello Satu; There is one overarching requirement.
First, we must reduce human reproductive rate to
something below 1.2 children per mother. If we don't
do that, nothing else we do will ultimately matter. Our
numbers MUST stop growing. Best regards, Jim Des
Lauriers
Ibi Melina Linares

¿Es más correcto analizar la tasa de visitancia o el

número de visitas?
Question 2 answers
10 Oct 2024
Hola, soy estudiante de Biología y actualmente estoy
realizando un proyecto con lepidópteros, estamos mirando
cómo cambia la visita de las mariposas hacia ciertas
flores, teniendo en cuenta el color de la flor y la forma de
esta (simétrica y asimétrica), sin embargo quisiera
consultar qué sería mejor o más correcto llegar a analizar,
si la tasa de visitancia o el número de visitas en cada una
de las flores.
Relevant answer
Adrian Chozo Santamria · 19 Oct 2024

Answer
* Si quieres medir simplemente la preferencia por
ciertas flores sin considerar el tiempo, el número de
visitas podría ser suficiente.
Si buscas una medida que tenga en cuenta el

tiempo y la disponibilidad de flores, la tasa de
visitancia te dará una visión más detallada y
ajustada.
Anotidaishe zulu Zulu

How do we write a report of the post harvest

technology of bananas?
Question 1 answer
16 Oct 2024
Including the post harvest biology and handing ,the factors
affecting deterioration and how to curb it and processing of
new product to reduce the post harvest losses
Relevant answer
Raghad Mouhamad · 17 Oct 2024

Answer
Title Page - Title of the report - Author(s) - Date ###
Table of Contents - List of sections and page numbers
### 1. Introduction - Brief overview of bananas as a
crop. - Importance of bananas in global and local
economies. - Overview of post-harvest technology and
its significance. ### 2. Post-Harvest Biology of
Bananas - **Physiology**: - Ripening process and
stages of banana development (green, ripe, overripe).
- Ethylene production and its role in ripening. -
Respiration rates and how they change during
ripening. - **Microbial activity**: - Types of
microorganisms that affect bananas post-harvest. -
Effects of microbial spoilage on banana quality and
safety. ### 3. Factors Affecting Deterioration -
**Environmental Factors**: - Temperature: Optimal
storage conditions for bananas (ideally 12-14°C). -
Humidity: Importance of maintaining high humidity to
prevent moisture loss. - Light: Effects of light exposure
on ripening and spoilage. - **Biological Factors**: -
Pest infestations and disease susceptibility (e.g.,
fungal diseases). - Natural senescence of bananas. -
**Mechanical Factors**: - Damage during harvesting,
handling, and transportation. - Effects of bruising and
physical injuries on shelf life. ### 4. Strategies to Curb
Deterioration - **Pre-Harvest Management**: -
Optimal harvesting techniques to minimize damage. -
Use of proper agricultural practices to reduce pest and
disease prevalence. - **Post-Harvest Handling**: -
Best practices in sorting, grading, and packing to
reduce physical damage. - Use of controlled
atmospheres or modified atmosphere packaging
(MAP) to slow down ripening. - **Storage
Techniques**: - Recommendations for temperature
and humidity control during storage. - Use of ripening
chambers and ethylene management. -
**Transportation Methods**: - Proper methods for
transporting bananas to minimize bruising. - Use of
insulated containers and temperature-controlled
vehicles. ### 5. Processing of New Products to
Reduce Post-Harvest Losses - **Product
Development**: - Innovative uses for overripe
bananas (e.g., banana flour, banana chips, purees). -
The process of converting surplus bananas into value-
added products. - **Preservation Techniques**: -
Methods such as drying, freezing, and fermentation to
enhance shelf life. - Use of preservatives and
packaging technology to maintain quality. ### 6. Case
Studies - Provide examples of successful post-harvest
technologies and practices in banana production from
different countries. - Highlight any research findings or
innovations that have significantly reduced post-
harvest losses. ### 7. Conclusion - Summarize the
importance of post-harvest technology in extending
the shelf life of bananas and reducing losses. - Call to
action for adopting better practices in the industry. ###
8. References - Include a list of all sources cited in the
report, formatted according to a chosen citation style
(APA, MLA, etc.). ### Tips for Writing - **Use
visuals**: Include diagrams, charts, and images to
illustrate key points and make the report engaging. -
**Data and statistics**: Incorporate relevant data on
banana production, post-harvest losses, and market
potential for processed products. - **Be concise**:
Write clearly and concisely, avoiding jargon unless
necessary, and explain any technical terms used. ###
Additional Resources - You can refer to research
articles, books, and publications from agricultural and
food science institutions for more detailed information
on post-harvest technology related to bananas.
Raja N A Khan
World Order is Changing in Which Direction ??

Question 7 answers
29 Apr 2024
1. World Order has shown changes, especially after 2020
in almost all major fields of Politics, Economics, Social,
Geopolitical etc.
2. Where the world order in real is diverting?
3. What will be the ultimate outcomes?
4. The alteration & changes of systems on Earth will

change anything in Space?
5. Which systems will lose centuries-long grounds and

what new will rise?
6. Is the current scenario being same as the Rise/Fall of

Nations, Games of Thrones etc. or there is something
significantly different this time?
7. Ultimately what impact will the Next World Order make

on the entire human race and especially on the Bio-
sphere?
8. How much was any World Order got

impacted/formed/shaped through/by religious education
directly/indirectly and why did such neuroplasticity/mind
exercises base practices remain an integral part of World
Orders in past? Can humans afford to continue past
practices to build any new future?
9. What changes do you suggest in Next World Order, and

Why?
10. Are Human going to accept defeat & surrender in front

of Alien powers like gods, AIs, energy, any other life forms
etc.?
11. How long more humans have the current status of

rapidly shrinking freedom?
12. Will the current form of human life exist after such
surrenders and what will be the expected shape of any of
such life?
13. Its understood that human have to sacrifice current

systems and life forms for existence, but, Is it necessary?
Any workable solutions ?
Relevant answer
Stephen I. Ternyik · 15 Oct 2024

Answer
The notion of a unified world underpinned by industrial
primacy while sidelining commercial interests poses
profound questions about the future of global
cooperation, the balance of power, and the potential
for conflict in an increasingly multipolar world. The
outcomes of these dynamics could reshape
international relations and influence economic models
for decades to come.
The transition from the U.S.-Soviet rivalry to what

you're describing as the "era of the Warring States"
reflects a complex geopolitical landscape
characterized by fragmented power dynamics and the
rise of emerging economies. In this new world order,
traditional superpower rivalries have given way to a
multipolar framework where various nations pursue
their own interests, often leading to competition and
conflict.
In this context, the concept of a country prioritizing

industrial development while suppressing commercial
interests can be interpreted through the lens of
nationalism and state-driven economic models.
Nations that prioritize heavy industrialization and seek

to centralize control over their economies may aim for
self-sufficiency and greater global influence. These
countries might invest heavily in technology,
infrastructure, and human capital, viewing industrial
prowess as a means to enhance their international
standing and attract global partnerships.
This approach might involve limiting foreign

competition, protecting domestic industries, and
implementing policies that favor state-owned
enterprises or public-private partnerships. By doing so,
these nations could aim to create a strong internal
market that fosters economic growth and innovation.
As countries pursue industrialization aggressively, the

potential for conflict increases. Nations might compete
for resources, markets, and influence, leading to
tension and rivalry. This competition can manifest in
trade wars, military conflicts, or ideological clashes.
In this scenario, countries like China or India could be

viewed as potential unifiers in a fragmented global
landscape. Their large populations, growing economic
clout, and strategic initiatives (like China's Belt and
Road Initiative) reflect attempts to assert influence
over global trade routes and bolster their geopolitical
interests.
The rapid advancement of technology can serve as

both a catalyst for industrialization and a factor that
disrupts traditional commerce. Innovations in
automation, artificial intelligence, and manufacturing
processes may allow nations to achieve
unprecedented levels of productivity, potentially
reshaping global supply chains and economic
relationships.
Alexander Ohnemus
How close are we to anti-aging technology? Why?

Question 4 answers
7 Jul 2024
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382049802_Corr
ecting_Cell_Errors
Relevant answer
Jetty Ramadevi · 13 Oct 2024

Answer
Science is making anti-aging progress. But do we
want to live forever?
(https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2024/05/scien
ce-is-making-anti-aging-progress-but-do-we-want-to-
live-forever/)
Scientists reprogram T cells to slow down and reverse

aging
(https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/t-cells-
reprogrammed-to-slow-down-and-reverse-aging)
The Future Of Anti-Aging: Emerging Technologies And

Trends ** ( Apr 12, 2024 )
Category : ANTI AGEING TREATMENTS
(https://www.dermaalluraclinic.com/blog-detail.php?
edit=12)
Rayan El-Kholdi
2 rounds of Miltenyi LS column for depletion ?

Question 1 answer
6 Oct 2024
Hi everyone !
I'm trying to get rid CD3+ and CD14+ cells from PBMCs.
For that I use CD3 microbeads and CD14 microbeads as
well as LS columns (I add both CD3 and CD14
microbeads to the cells and split the samples to load it into
several columns to avoid saturation of the column).
When my sample contains 10M of cells, it works perfectly,

80% of the cells are retained in the columns and I have
less than 2% of CD3+ and less than 0.5% of CD14+. But,
if I have 400M cells, only 60% of the cells are retained in
the columns and I have a lot of CD3+/CD14+ cells that are
not retained.
I follow exactly the protocol and I did the scale up of the

reagents from 10M to 400M accordingly. Did anybody
have this issue ?
I tried the LD columns but it killed most of my B cells... one

solution that Miltenyi gave me was to put the cells in a
second round of LS columns, what are your opinion on
that?
Thanks in advance for your help!
Relevant answer
Chen Hui · 8 Oct 2024

Answer
hello Rayan El-Kholdi，
In my experience The number of cells that can be

combined with the column is limited, about 1×10*8
cells can be combined with a column, so when your
target cell number exceeds this number, you need to
add new columns, CD3 and CD14 cells in the PBMC
itself accounts for a lot, so it is recommended that you
increase the number of columns according to the
number of cells。The proportion of CD3 positive cells
and CD14 positive cells in 400M PBMC is far more
than 50%, that is 200M, so you may need to add more
columns to improve the ability to capture cells
Jana Mohamed
I am a bioinformatician, or actually i am still studying

bioinformatics ; i love the field and i want to dig
deeper. What should i do?
Question 3 answers
4 Oct 2024
I mean, how can i start researching? what tools might help
me? what should i be aware of more at the biology
aspect?
Relevant answer
Sukjoon Yoon · 6 Oct 2024

Answer
Q-omics is an easy starting point to learn cancer
omics data mining without computational skills.
Ouiza Bouadjama
LC-MS/MS application for lichen polyphenols ?

Question 2 answers
30 Sept 2024
Dear Researchers
I am an Algerian PhD student in biology, and I study some

biological activities and secondary metabolites of some
fungi. I desperately seek a foreign laboratory that provides
LC-MS/MS services for PhD students and researchers.
Do you have reliable laboratory addresses that can do LC-

MS/MS analysis of lichenic polyphenols?
I appreciate all your suggestions and help.
Relevant answer
Ouiza Bouadjama · 3 Oct 2024

Answer
Dear Professor Phil
Thank you, I appreciate a lot your help. I'll try to

contact them as soon as possible.
Cordially
Maolin Zhao
Where fisheries data(open-source) can be obtained?

Question 2 answers
2 Sept 2024
I need some open source data on the basic biology of
fisheries to support my research
Relevant answer
J. Pal · 24 Sept 2024

Answer
Here are some reliable sources for open-source
fisheries data:
1. OpenFisheries:
Website: https://www.openfisheries.org/
Description: This platform consolidates global fisheries

datasets through an open web platform, providing
access to data through a REST API and R package. It
offers economic analysis, global landings data, and an
open-source lab for collaboration.
2. Global Fishing Watch:
Website: https://globalfishingwatch.org/
Description: This organization provides access to

satellite data on fishing activity, including vessel
tracking, port activity, and fishing gear usage. Their
datasets are downloadable and can be used for
research, analysis, and advocacy.
3. Data.World:
Website: https://globalfishingwatch.org/datasets-and-
code/
Description: This platform hosts a variety of fisheries

datasets contributed by individuals and organizations.
You can search for specific datasets, collaborate with
others, and query within and across datasets.
4. NOAA Fisheries Open Science:
Website: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/science-
data/open-science-noaa-fisheries
Description: This initiative supports open science

practices within NOAA Fisheries, providing access to
various fisheries datasets and tools. Explore their
resources to find relevant data for your research.
5. Ecological Archives:
Website: http://www.esapubs.org/
Description: This repository houses peer-reviewed

datasets related to ecology, including fisheries data.
You can find data papers that provide detailed
information about the datasets and their associated
metadata.
6. Dryad:
Website: https://datadryad.org/
Description: This open-source platform for research

data curation and publication offers a repository for
fisheries datasets. You can find and access datasets
with associated metadata and citations.
7. World Ocean Database:
Website: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/world-
ocean-database
Description: This database, produced by NOAA's

National Centers for Environmental Information,
contains a variety of oceanographic data, including
information on fisheries and marine ecosystems.
Alexander Ohnemus
RESPECTFULLY, how does one predict reincarnation

occurs only within the same religious circle?
Question 6 answers
21 Feb 2024
Book Respectfully and Unfortunately, The Improbability
of, and Da...
Relevant answer
William Mayor · 22 Sept 2024

Answer
I see that there are responses questioning whether
reincarnation actually occurs, scientific studies, as
best can be conducted, indicates that it does exist. Far
too many people are able to accurately report details
of an existence that they should not have knowledge
of via any known physical means, sometimes details
that take extensive research in restricted files to verify.
The second issue seems to be that people assume

that there is just one understanding of reincarnation
while in fact there are at least 4 different and widely
separated cultures that generally accept it. One in
India/SE Asia, one in Africa, one in the Northern
portions of North America and historically one in
Greece and other parts of Europe. Of these, only the
India/SE Asia variety suggests that a human may
reincarnate as anything other than a human. All the
other cultures insist that reincarnation is always within
the human species.
⽥中
What are the reasons for digestive system

regression?
Question 1 answer
3 Sept 2024
Dear Colleagues,
I am working on histological observations of the gut of

invertebrates.
My main research is on seasonal changes in the gut tissue

of sea cucumbers.
This species ceases or decreases its feeding activity in

summer and also decreases its feeding activity in winter.
In particular, the gut retracts or disappears in summer.
Gut retraction is recognised as a result of catabolising

components in the body to conserve energy and to
tolerate depleted stored nutrients.
Please advise if anyone else has researched this other

reason for intestinal retraction in a professional manner.
Best regards.
Kai Tanaka
Relevant answer
Zerfishan Riaz · 22 Sept 2024

Answer
Digestive system regression in sea cucumbers and
other invertebrates can occur due to 1. Food scarcity
2. Temperature fluctuations 3. Dormancy/hibernation
4. Reproductive cycles 5. Molting 6. Desiccation 7.
Disease/parasites 8. Stress/injury 9.
Aging/senescence Sea cucumber-specific reasons: 1.
Dietary changes 2. Burrowing behavior 3.
Regeneration/autotomy Seasonal changes can trigger
regression to conserve energy, reduce metabolic rate,
and adapt to changing environments. Investigate: Gut
morphology/histology Enzyme activity Gene
expression Hormonal regulation
Marina D. Judkevich
Does anyone have a copy of this paper?

Question 1 answer
18 Sept 2024
Barabe D, Chretien L. 1986. Floral anatomy of
Spathicarpa sagittifolia (Araceae). Beitraege zur Biologie
der
Relevant answer
Marc Philippe · 20 Sept 2024

Answer
why not to try to contact Denis Barabé
see https://irbv.umontreal.ca/le-personnel/denis-
barabe/
Alexander Ohnemus
How easily can humans automate their own biological

functions(such as giving birth) with AI? How
specifically?
Question 1 answer
28 Aug 2024
MOST human actions are subconscious. The more close-
ended the task, the easier to automate. Perhaps SOME
subconscious human acts are more close-ended,
therefore easier to automate.
1)
Preprint Genetic Individuality
2)
Preprint ANTI-Racist Optimization Between “Dysgenics”
and “Phenotypic...
3)
Code How operational are artificial wombs? Why?
Relevant answer
Safiul Haque Chowdhury · 9 Sept 2024

Answer
Automating biological functions such as childbirth with
AI is a highly complex and ethically sensitive area.
While AI can significantly enhance and assist in many
aspects of healthcare, full automation of biological
functions, especially something as intricate and
personal as childbirth, presents numerous challenges
and limitations. Here's a breakdown of how AI can be
involved, and the specifics of its application:
1. Monitoring and Diagnosis
Fetal Monitoring: AI can analyze data from fetal

heart rate monitors and ultrasound images to detect
signs of distress or abnormalities.
Predictive Analytics: AI algorithms can predict
potential complications during pregnancy by
analyzing historical data and risk factors.
2. Assisting in Decision-Making
Clinical Decision Support: AI tools can provide

recommendations for treatment options based on
current medical guidelines and patient data.
Personalized Care: AI can help tailor prenatal care
plans to individual needs by analyzing various
health metrics.
3. Automation of Procedures
Surgical Assistance: AI-driven robotic systems,

like the Da Vinci Surgical System, assist surgeons
in performing precise operations, which can be
beneficial in cesarean sections and other surgical
procedures.
Lab Automation: AI can streamline lab processes
related to prenatal care, such as genetic testing and
analysis.
4. AI in Healthcare Management
Workflow Optimization: AI can improve hospital

workflows, manage patient records, and ensure
timely care delivery.
Patient Engagement: AI-powered chatbots and
virtual assistants can provide patients with
information, reminders, and support throughout
their pregnancy.
5. Ethical and Practical Considerations
Complexity of Childbirth: Childbirth involves

complex physiological and emotional factors that
are challenging to fully automate or control with AI.
Ethical Issues: Automating biological functions
raises significant ethical concerns about safety,
consent, and the role of human judgment in critical
medical situations.
Human Factors: Human expertise and empathy
play a crucial role in managing childbirth, making it
difficult to fully replace with AI.
Current State and Future Potential
Current Technology: While AI significantly aids in

the management and support of childbirth, it does
not replace the need for human intervention and
decision-making. It can, however, enhance safety,
efficiency, and personalized care.
Future Prospects: Advancements in AI may further
assist in predictive analytics, personalized
medicine, and robotic surgery, but the automation of
biological functions like childbirth will remain a
collaborative effort between technology and human
expertise.
Summary
AI can enhance and support various aspects of

childbirth and prenatal care, such as monitoring,
decision-making, and procedure assistance. However,
the full automation of childbirth involves complex
physiological, ethical, and human factors that cannot
currently be fully addressed by AI alone. AI’s role is to
complement and support human expertise rather than
replace it.
Viacheslav Pauls
Why do some relatives with the same desmin

mutation have bradycardia and others do not?
Question 18 answers
8 Sept 2024
In the identified case of familial desminopathy (T341P
DES mutation in heterozygous state), the son has
bradycardia, but the father did not have bradycardia. How
can this fact be explained?
Relevant answer
Sinan Ibaguner · 9 Sept 2024

Answer
Because of some autosomal dominant & others can
be autosomal recessive
"Desminopathy is one of the most common

intermediate filament human disorders associated with
mutations in closely interacting proteins, desmin and
alphaB-crystallin. The inheritance pattern in familial
desminopathy is characterized as autosomal
dominant or autosomal recessive, but many cases
have no family history."
Philippos Afxentiou
What are the main epistemological weaknesses of

modern physics?
Question 5 answers
27 Aug 2024
Despite its success, physics is not the ultimate tool to
predict and solve all scientific ambitions. One reason
might be inherent in its epistemological approach which
gave it its success. Some double edged traits of it are
**absence of componential relations i.e does not identify

relation of part (with function) to whole
** simplistic direct one on one consequences i.e in cause

effect chains there is only one consequence and the
complexity of one Act causing in direct reactions that
might even lead to different course are omitted. Biology is
not like this
**absence of agent relations i.e even force does not

identify one objects as agent due to mutual interactive
nature of force concept given by Newton
Relevant answer
Karl Pfeifer · 29 Aug 2024

Answer
String Theory is widely regarded as still untestable
and is also alleged by some to face issues of
mathematical consistency.
Dariusz Prokopowicz
Should the ongoing logging of trees in areas of

natural highly biodiverse forests be considered a
crime of crimes against humanity?
Question 9 answers
16 Jan 2024
Should the ongoing logging in the Amazon forest,
including other natural highly biodiverse forests, be
recognized as a crime of destroying the planet's
strategic natural resources generating an increased
threat to human existence on planet Earth?
Should the ongoing logging of trees in the Amazon

forest, also other natural highly biodiverse forests,
and the logging of trees in other areas of natural
forest ecosystems carried out in the formula of
robbery pseudo-forest management should be
recognized as a crime of destruction of strategic
natural resources of the planet generating an increase
in the threat to human existence on planet Earth?
Dear Researchers, Scientists, Friends,
In recent years, the need to accelerate and increase the

efficiency of the green transformation of the economy has
been growing in importance. This is due to the need to
increase the scale of reduction of greenhouse gas
emissions, as generated by energy, industry,
transportation, livestock farms, etc. continue to generate
high greenhouse gas emissions and the global warming
process is accelerating as a result. If the processes of
green transformation of the economy are not significantly
accelerated then the exceeding of 1.5 degrees C of the
average temperature of the planet's atmosphere (counting
from the beginning of the first industrial revolution) will
happen even before the end of the current decade and the
occurrence of a global climate catastrophe in the second
half of this 21st century will become inevitable. One of the
key elements of the green transformation of the economy
is the cessation of deforestation processes and the
development of reforestation programs for civilizationally
degraded areas, post-industrial areas, post-mining heaps,
urban areas as part of the reduction of concretions, and
post-agricultural areas where the soil has been depleted
due to the intensification of agriculture in the industrial
model. By 2023, the deforestation rate in the rainforests of
the Amazon natural rainforest has been almost halved in
Brazil. This is a very good trend, in which perhaps finally
the scale of protection of these natural highly biodiverse
forests is beginning to improve significantly. This is
especially important because the highly biodiverse
rainforest ecosystems of the tropical natural forests of the
Amazon contain more than 300 million unique species of
flora and fauna and the Amazon forest is still the largest
natural area of forest ecosystem that plays a key role in
the natural process of absorbing CO2 from the
atmosphere and emitting oxygen. The ongoing logging of
trees in the Amazon forest, and the logging of trees in
other areas of natural forest ecosystems as well, which is
being carried out in a formula of predatory pseudo-
management, should be recognized as a crime of
destroying the planet's strategic natural resources
generating an increase in the threat to human existence
on planet Earth. Perhaps in this way, through appropriate
changes in legal regulations, the large-scale deforestation
of forest areas still taking place in many parts of the world
and/or the predatory pseudo-management of forests that
is being carried out would finally be ended.
I presented the issue of human security in connection with

the green transformation of the economy, pro-
environmental policies and the implementation of
sustainable development goals in the article:
HUMAN SECURITY AS AN ELEMENT OF THE

CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN
INTERNATIONAL LAW
Article HUMAN SECURITY AS AN ELEMENT OF THE

CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE D...
In view of the above, I address the following question to

the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
Should the ongoing logging of trees in the Amazon forest,

also other natural highly biodiverse forests, as well as the
logging of trees in other areas of natural forest
ecosystems carried out in the formula of predatory
pseudo-forest management, also be recognized as a
crime of destruction of strategic natural resources of the
planet generating an increase in the threat to human
existence on planet Earth?
Should the ongoing cutting of trees in areas of natural

highly biodiverse forests be recognized as a crime of
crimes against humanity?
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
The above text is entirely my own work written by me on

the basis of my research.
In writing this text I did not use other sources or automatic

text generation systems.
Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz
........RESEARCH QUESTION_D.Prok… .1.jpg · 387 kB
Relevant answer
Dariusz Prokopowicz · 26 Aug 2024

Answer
Still steadily declining forest area, deforestation
prevailing over aforestation, predatory cutting of entire
stands, cutting down old-growth forests, creating
pseudo-forest monocultures serving mainly or
exclusively for the production of wood raw material,
etc., are key factors in the rapid decline of the
biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems,
including the extinction of many species of flora and
fauna. In addition, deforestation processes also
negatively affect the climate and amplify the
progressive processes of global warming, soil aridity,
etc. It is extremely strange that in the era of the 21st
century, widespread knowledge of the civilizational
sources and consequences of the progressive process
of global warming, deforestation and/or predatory
pseudo-management of forests is still carried out in
many countries of the world. It is essential to urgently
reverse these negative processes.
In the following article, I have included the results of

the research conducted on the connection of the issue
of sustainable development, the genesis and meaning
of the Sustainable Development Goals, the essence of
sustainable development in the context of social,
normative, economic, environmental, climatic, as well
as human rights aspects, etc. The research also
addressed the issue of key determinants of human
existential security as an element of the concept of
sustainable development.
HUMAN SECURITY AS AN ELEMENT OF THE

CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN
INTERNATIONAL LAW
Article HUMAN SECURITY AS AN ELEMENT OF

THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE D...
The key issues of this issue and why the above issue
is important is what I wrote in the following publication:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF

SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A
KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL
TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS
GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY
Article IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF

SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVE...
What do you think about this?
What is your opinion on this topic?
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
........RESEARCH QUESTION_D.… .1.jpg · 371 kB
Edward J Tehovnik
The Curse of Evolution and Complexity?

Question 4 answers
6 Aug 2024
Brain and body mass together are positively correlated
with lifespan (Hofman 1993). The duration of neural
development is one of the best predictors of brain size,
and conception is the best zero-point to mark the start of
development, namely, the point at which sperm and egg
fuse forming a single-cell organism followed by
exponential mitosis (Finlay 2019b). The formation of
complex molecules in biology can occur spontaneously,
thereby leading to the creation of sophisticated organisms
(Liu et al. 2019). Following each documented extinction of
species (and there have been at least five since ~ 400
million years ago) there is a rapid degradation of biology,
especially of complex life that depends on a resilient food
chain dependent on simpler organisms. Following the
most recent extinction 65 million years ago (i.e., the
Cretaceous-Paleogene Extinction, Alverez et al. 1979), the
dinosaurs (which were large-bodied but small-brained)
were obliterated making room for new mammalian species
that evolved into animals having the following
characteristics: an extended longevity to enable the
formation of large bodies accompanied by large brains
(e.g., the killer whale, the human, the elephant, the gorilla,
and so on) during which time learning to adapt to
environmental disruptions was paramount (Hebb 1949).
Yet even with the newest complexity, there is no guarantee
that if the current species go extinct that the replacement
species will possess a comparable level of sophistication,
since the evolution of complexity is based on a protracted
fitness (Dawkins 1976). We may soon find out if our
complexity is sufficient to right all the wrongs that we have
inflicted on ourselves and others (Chomsky 2023; Ellsberg
2023; Hansen et al. 1981). Pessimistically, the
entomologist Edward O. Wilson has predicted that once
we reach a population of ten billion—we are now at eight
—expect humankind to turn on itself much like an over-
extended ant colony (Wilson 2012). Our children may get
to test his prediction, if those at the helm continue to
assume that humans operate outside of evolution.
Relevant answer
Stephen I. Ternyik · 25 Aug 2024

Answer
Edward O. Wilson's prediction about humanity
reaching a tipping point as the global population
approaches ten billion Edward J Tehovnik is a thought-
provoking reflection on human behavior and societal
dynamics. His comparison to an over-extended ant
colony suggests that we may face significant stress as
resources become scarcer and competition for them
intensifies.
Wilson's assertion that those in power often overlook

the fundamental principles of evolution implies that
human societies may be prone to conflict if they fail to
adapt to changing circumstances. The mention of
“turning on itself” hints at potential social unrest,
political instability, or even environmental degradation
as a result of overpopulation.
The challenge of managing our resources sustainably

and promoting social cohesion will be crucial as we
continue to grow. If humanity doesn't account for the
evolutionary forces that shape our interactions and
structures, we risk undermining our own future.
As our population grows, it becomes increasingly vital

for leaders, policymakers, and citizens to embrace an
understanding of these dynamics, prioritizing
cooperation, conservation, and innovative thinking to
ensure we avoid the pitfalls of overextension. Whether
the children of today will witness such a scenario
remains to be seen, but the need for proactive
measures is clear.
_____________________
Evolutionary pressures Edward J Tehovnik may play a

significant role. In environments where cognitive
abilities provide substantial survival advantages—
through better foraging, social interaction, or tool use
—there may be a selection for species to evolve larger
brains, which consequently requires longer lifespans
for optimal brain maturation and function.
In summary, the correlation between brain and body

mass and lifespan reflects a complex interplay of
developmental dynamics, metabolic rates, ecological
pressures, and evolutionary adaptations. Studying
these relationships further can provide insights into the
biological and evolutionary mechanisms shaping the
life history strategies of various species.
Alexander Ohnemus
Could epigenetic information polish cure aging, other

diseases, and unwanted side effects of genetic
engineering? How?
Question 2 answers
14 Aug 2024
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/383114924_EIP_
then_RPD
Relevant answer
Joon Sy · 19 Aug 2024

Answer
Epigenetics refers to the study of changes in gene
expression that do not involve alterations to the
underlying DNA sequence. This field has garnered
significant attention for its potential to influence aging,
combat diseases, and mitigate unwanted side effects
of genetic engineering.
Aging is associated with various epigenetic changes,

such as DNA methylation and histone modifications,
which can lead to altered gene expression and
contribute to age-related diseases like cancer and
neurodegenerative disorders. By targeting these
epigenetic modifications, researchers believe it may
be possible to reverse or slow down the aging
process. For instance, interventions that modify
epigenetic markers could potentially restore youthful
gene expression patterns, thereby improving cellular
function and longevity.
Epigenetic therapies hold promise for treating a range

of diseases. By understanding the specific epigenetic
alterations associated with conditions like cancer,
researchers can develop targeted therapies that either
activate or repress certain genes without changing the
genetic code itself. This approach could lead to more
effective treatments with fewer side effects compared
to traditional genetic engineering methods, which often
involve irreversible changes to the genomeOne of the
significant concerns with genetic engineering is the
potential for unintended consequences, such as off-
target effects or the activation of harmful genes.
Epigenetic modifications can provide a more flexible
approach to gene regulation, allowing for temporary
changes that can be reversed if necessary.
This flexibility could help in fine-tuning therapeutic

interventions, reducing the risk of adverse effects
associated with permanent genetic alterations.
Pierric Busuttil
Potential specific effects of magnets North/South

poles? (or upward/downward)
Question 3 answers
26 Jul 2024
Preparing a review about potential distinct effects of
North and South poles (or upward/downward) in
biology, chemistry, chirality, etc, I would appreciate any
signaling of publications to supplement a databank
dedicated to this overlooked parameter, whether
confirming or invalidating.
Also, any comments, exchanges or collaboration will be

welcome.
Relevant answer
Pierric Busuttil · 18 Aug 2024

Answer
Thank you for your answers but your replies don't
really meet the topic whether there are distinct effects
of what different research teams consider as:
- magnetic upward and downward fields (relative to

gravity) effects,
- or only magnetic field direction (regardless of spatial

orientation),
- or magnetic north and south polarities (by the way,

note that many papers in English use reversed
namings of the North and South poles of magnets!).
To help understand this discussion, here are examples

of papers mentioning this side of the issue (whether
positive or no effect):
- Life on Magnet: Long-Term Exposure of Moderate

Static Magnetic Fields on the Lifespan and Healthspan
of Mice
- Hematological parameters’ changes in mice

subchronically exposed to static magnetic fields of
different orientations
- Effect of pre-sowing treatment with permanent

magnetic field on germination and growth of chilli
- Effects of Cholinergic Receptor Activation and

Magnetic Fields on Motor Behavior in Ischemic Gerbils
- Magneto-mechanical stimulation modulates

osteocyte fate via the ECM-integrin-CSK axis
- Homogeneous static magnetic field of different

orientation induces biological changes in subacutely
exposed mice
- Comparative effect of positive and negative static

magnetic fields on heart rate and blood pressure in
healthy adults
Thanks for your patience!
Alexander Ohnemus
Which epistemology do you associate with biology?

Why?
Question 4 answers
5 Aug 2024
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382866022_Criti
cal_Rationalist_Biology
Relevant answer
Sergey Shevchenko · 6 Aug 2024

Answer
“Which epistemology do you associate with biology?
Why?”
- epistemology absolutely directly is associated with

biology, since all points/steps in the utmost
fundamental result in epistemology – “Scientific
method” , see
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_method
“…An iterative,[43] pragmatic[12] scheme of the four

points above is sometimes offered as a guideline for
proceeding:[47]
Define a question
Gather information and resources (observe)
Form an explanatory hypothesis
Test the hypothesis by performing an experiment and

collecting data in a reproducible manner
Analyze the data
Interpret the data and draw conclusions that serve as

a starting point for a new hypothesis
Publish results
Retest (frequently done by other scientists)
The iterative cycle inherent in this step-by-step

method goes from point 3 to 6 and back to 3 again.
……”
- all/every living being, even bacteria, use and perform

in their lives at their behavior.
Cheers
Silvia Pérez
I am working on my Master's thesis on the

biogeography of the genus Ruagea and I would like to
ask, could someone help me to check whether my
result?
Question 1 answer
29 Jul 2024
I created a file with my outgroup and ingroup species
using Beauti, ran it in BEAST, viewed it in Tracer, and then
used TreeAnnotator to create a file that I imported into
RASP.
Could someone please help me review these steps and

results?
Thank you!
Treeannotator · 163 kB
tree.png · 1.09 MB
Arbolrasp.log · 3.8 kB
legend.png · 3.42 kB
Relevant answer
John Grehan · 5 Aug 2024

Answer
Silvia Pérez As someone who dabbles in general
biogeography I cannot comment on the phylogenetic
tree, but I looked up Pennington et al 2021 for the
distribution of the genus as then known. Looks quite
interesting, and one species - Ruagea glabra - has an
almost identical range to the ghost moth species
Druceiella metellus. It will be interesting to know to
what extent your distributional data has changed from
2021. Hope you can avoid the center of origin-chance
dispersal nonsense. Pennington et al were a bit
unsettled as to the sister genus - either S AM Guarea
or Catratea - latter apparently sister to the S Pacific
Dysoxylum. Would be interested to see a better image
of your phylogeny along with the distributional maps of
each species if you want any further feedback. Can
email me at calabar.john@gmail.com
Alexander Ohnemus
All birds are dinosaurs. NOT all dinosaurs are/were

birds. Pterodactyls are neither bird nor dino.
Question 3 answers
30 May 2024
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380972076_Mod
ern_dinosaursbirds_are_dinos_but_NOT_pterodactyls
Relevant answer
Chuck A Arize · 4 Aug 2024

Answer
Correct. All birds are dinosaurs (specifically, avian
dinosaurs), but not all dinosaurs are birds.
Pterodactyls are not dinosaurs; they are flying reptiles
from the same era.
Chris Lee
Could you try using PeptiCloud and see if it's a useful

tool for biology research?
Question 2 answers
29 Jul 2024
PeptiCloud (www.pepticloud.com) is a bioinformatic
platform that allows researchers to organize and share
their data for their projects as well as collaborate with
others in one place. Through PeptiCloud, researchers can
package their data and share it in its original form and
collaborate on biological sequences through version
control. If you are a researcher, could you please try using
the platform and provide feedback?
Relevant answer
Chris Lee · 3 Aug 2024

Answer
Zhao Zixian Hi Zhao! I sent you a message. I would
love to work with you to integrate more AI tools that
you need!
Alexander Ohnemus
Can one deduce the most rigorous and practical aging

theory?
Question 3 answers
18 Jul 2024
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382330574_Ded
ucing_ITOA's_Veracity
Relevant answer
Zahra Elmi · 29 Jul 2024

Answer
In my view, the most accurate and practical theories in
any scientific field, particularly gerontology, are heavily
influenced by temporal, spatial, and cultural contexts.
It is challenging to propose a definitive theory on
gerontology, as the perspectives and experiences of
elderly individuals vary across different decades.”
Salvatore Vicidomini
Nanozymes were the basic chemical constituent that

kicked off the origin of life??
Question 7 answers
2 Nov 2023
ENG-TEXT The question (hypothesis)
proposed by this Open RG Question is the following:
Nanozymes were the basic chemical constituent that
kicked off the origin of life??
Hypothesis
Nanozymes show elementary basic enzymatic functions

completely similar to those of biological systems but with
reduced performances in product production and stability.
Furthermore, they are strongly dependent on external

chemical-physical conditions as they are truly naked and
not protected by physical protective covers and/or
chemical insulators.
However, precisely because of these characteristics they

could represent excellent candidates for the creation of
complex self-catalytic and/or self-replicating (but) pre-
biological structures.
Pre-biological not only on planet Earth but in general on

any planet or satellite where conditions make the
functioning of nanozymes possible.
In this model we start from a relatively original assumption

about life and its concept:
..LIFE is an emergent property of matter. Given the three

main components (pressure, temperature, solvent), the
key is catalysts. Life in terms of organized assembly of
functions..
https://www.facebook.com/photo?
fbid=1253171791381148&set=a.456765594355109
Nanozymes fit precisely into this model.
They could represent the starter of all life forms in the

Universe.
The path that will be outlined will obviously have to be

subjected to an in-depth bibliographic and laboratory
analysis.
Analysis which should also be carried out at the same time

during space explorations of comets, asteroids, satellites,
planets, both with and without organic or aqueous solvents
in a stably liquid form.
The path model could have been the following:
--Primordial nanozymes, formed only by simple

catalytic atomic aggregates, plausibly particularly
widespread and active in areas affected by volcanic
activity.
--Selective pressure based on the stability of the

nanozymes and their catalysis speed.
--Second generation nanozymes, originating from

complexes with organic molecules (amino acid
residues and/or nitrogenous bases).
--The nitrogenous or nucleo- bases of this first phase

were almost certainly not based on ribose but on
other structural molecules that were much more
stable in the primordial chemical-physical-enzymatic
environment of the nanozymes: Threose-NA; Glycol-
NA; Peptide-NA.
--Additional selective pressures on stability & speed

of catalysis of these Second generation nanozymes.
--Emergence of autocatalytic properties in this new

generation of organo-complex Nanozymes.
--Very rapid diffusion of third generation autocatalytic

nanozymes, with high efficiency and (auto-) catalysis
speed.
--Stably self-replicating fourth generation nanozymes

through strong expansion of the non-catalytic
component (amino acids and/or nitrogenous bases).
--Very rapid diffusion of variants of self-replicating (IV

Gen.) nanozymes with strong stabilization, protection,
isolation and efficiency of the catalytic core and
notable expansion of the organic component.
--Emergence of clear autocatalytic units or clades,

self-replicating and with well-traceable lines of
descent, among the immense population of
nanozymes; population now in strong competition for
the substrate; fifth generation nanozymes with clear
differentiation between the functional enzymatic part
of the active site and the organic part surrounding the
active site.
--Sixth generation nanozymes where the active site is

surrounded by a complex structure of amino acids
linked together but also linked to nitrogenous bases
based on Threose, Glycol, Peptides,..; origin of the
primordial structure of the genetic code with
correspondence between amino acid and groups of
nitrogenous bases.
This sixth generation of nanozymes is the one that will

give rise to the future structure of the genetic code.
The nanozymes, through chemical selection processes,

have undergone a significant stabilization and
enhancement of the catalytic functions, leading to the
formation of a proto-enzymatic primordial active site, with
a clear structural and functional separation.
This proto-enzymatic population very quickly gave rise to

chemical clades where they themselves were the product
(auto-catalysis).
The next step was constant and conservative full self-

replication; self-replication obtained with an even more
marked separation, dimensional, structural, functional,
between the proto-enzymatic primordial active site and the
surrounding structure, made up of amino acids linked to
each other and in turn linked to nitrogenous bases.
The last step may have been the close, almost univocal
link between amino acids in sequence (polypeptide) and
mini-aggregates of nitrogenous bases (2, 3, n units),
forming the structural-functional basis of the triplet genetic
code.
From this point on, the prebiotic evolution of nanozymes

becomes indistinguishable from the biotic one, and will
plausibly proceed faster and faster on the basis of fusion
of functions, strengthening of functions, size, complexity
and precision of self-replication, and symbiosis with other
complex organic structures but prebiotic (ex.: bi-layer of
phospholipids,..).
This evolutionary model of the origin of life starting from

Nanozyme nuclei can very well also include the thesis
""Jupiter's Great Red Spot hides an exobiological
nature??""
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Jupiters_Great_Red_S
pot_hides_an_exobiological_nature
===================================
Classification of Nanozymes
Nanozymes have been classified in two functional

families:
I - Oxidoreductase (oxidase, peroxidase, catalase,

superoxide dismutase, and nitrate reductase).
II - Hydrolase (nuclease, esterase, phosphatase, protease,

and silicate).
Nanozymes have been classified in 3 material from which

they are made:
A - Metal-based nanozymes (nanoparticles of Au, Ag, Pt,

Pd,..).
B - Metal-oxide or sulfide-based nanozymes, based on Fe,

V, Ru,.. (V2O5, RuO2, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CuO, NiTe, CoFe,
BiFeO3, FeS, Co3O4, CdS, ZnO–Co3O4−v).
C - Carbon-based nanozymes (carbon nanotubes;

graphene oxide; carbon dots; carbon nitride dots).
Moreover there are also a lot of organis-matal nanozymes

(Cu with cysteine-histidine).
The nanozymes catalytic activity is influenced mainly by

the morphology.
===================================
SOME REFERENCES
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_enzyme
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_analogue#Metal
_base-pairs
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycol_nucleic_acid
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threose_nucleic_acid
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide_nucleic_acid
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_world
===================================
ITA-TEXT Il quesito (ipotesi) proposto da

questa Open RG Question è il seguente: i Nanozymes
sono stati il costituente chimico di base che ha dato il
via alla origine della vita??
Ipotesi
I nanozymes mostrano elementari funzioni enzimatiche di

base del tutto analoghe a quelle dei sistemi biologici ma
con ridotte performances nella produzione dei prodotti e
nella stabilità.
Inoltre sono fortemente dipendenti dalle condizioni esterne

chimico-fisiche in quanto sono realmente nudi e non
protetti da coperture protettive fisiche e/o da isolanti
chimici.
Però proprio per queste caratteristiche potrebbero

rappresentare degli ottimi candidati per la realizzazione di
strutture complesse auto-catalitiche e/o auto-replicanti ma
pre-biologiche.
Pre-biologiche non solo sul pianeta Terra ma in generale

su qualunque pianeta o satellite dove le condizioni
rendono possibile il funzionamento dei nanozymes.
In questo modello si parte da un assunto relativamente

originale sulla vita e sul suo concetto:
..La VITA è una proprietà emergente della materia. Date le

tre componenti principali (pressione, temperatura,
solvente), la chiave è rappresentata dai catalizzatori. Vita
in termini di assemblaggio organizzato di funzioni..
https://www.facebook.com/photo?
fbid=1253171791381148&set=a.456765594355109
I nanozymes si inseriscono proprio in questo modello.
Essi potrebbero rappresentare lo starter di ogni forma di

Vita nell'Universo.
Il percorso che verrà delineato dovrà ovviamente essere

sottoposto ad una profonda analisi sia bibliografica sia
laboratoriale.
Analisi che dovrebbe contestualmente essere condotta

anche durante le esplorazioni spaziali di comete, asteroidi,
satelliti, pianeti, sia con sia senza solventi organici o
acquosi in forma stabilmente liquida.
Il modello-percorso potrebbe essere stato il seguente:
--Nanozymes primordiali, formati solo da semplici

aggregati atomici catalitici, plausibilmente particolarmente
diffusi ed attivi nelle zone vulcaniche eruttive.
--Pressione selettiva basata sulla stabilità dei nanozymes

e sulla loro velocità di catalisi.
--Nanozymes di seconda generazione, originati da

complessi con molecole organiche (residui amminoacidici
e/o basi azotate).
--Le basi azotate di questa prima fase quasi certamente

non erano basate sul ribosio bensì su altre molecole
strutturali ben più stabili nell'ambiente chimico-fisico-
enzimatico primordiale dei nanozymes: Threose-NA;
Glycol-NA; Peptide-NA.
--Ulteriori pressioni selettive su stabilità & velocità di

catalisi.
--Emersione di proprietà autocatalitiche in questa nuova

generazione di Nanozymes organo-complessi.
--Rapidissima diffusione di nanozymes autocatalitici di

terza generazione, ad alta efficienza e velocità di catalisi.
--Nanozymes stabilmente auto-replicanti di quarta

generazione mediante il forte ampliamento della
componente non-catalitica (amminoacidi e/o basi azotate).
--Rapidissima diffusione di varianti di nanozymes auto-

replicanti con forte stabilizzazione, protezione, isolamento
ed efficientamento del nucleo catalitico e notevole
ampliamento della componente organica.
--Emersione di chiare unità o cladi autocatalitici, auto-

replicanti e con linee di discendenza ben tracciabili, tra
l'immensa popolazione di nanozymes; popolazione ora in
forte competizione per il substrato; nanozymes di quinta
generazione con chiara differenziazione tra la parte
funzionale enzimatica del sito attivo e la parte organica
contornante il sito attivo.
--Nanozymes di sesta generazione dove il sito attivo è

contornato da una complessa struttura di aminoacidi legati
tra essi ma legati anche a basi azotate basate sul
Threose, Glycol, Peptides,..; origine del primordiale
assetto del codice genetico con corrispondenza tra
aminoacido e gruppi di basi azotate.
Questa sesta generazione di nanozymes è quella che

darà origine al futuro assetto del codice genetico.
I nanozymes mediante processi di selezione chimica,

hanno subito una rilevante stabilizzazione e
potenziamento delle funzioni catalitiche portando alla
formazione di un sito attivo primordiale proto-enzimatico,
con una netta separazione strutturale e funzionale.
Questa popolazione proto-enzimatica molto rapidamente

ha dato luogo a dei cladi chimici ove il prodotto erano essi
stessi (auto-catalisi).
Il passo successivo è stata la piena auto-replicazione

costante e conservativa; auto-replicazione ottenuta con
una ancor più marcata separazione, dimensionale,
strutturale, funzionale, tra sito attivo primordiale proto-
enzimatico e struttura di contorno, costituita da aminoacidi
legati tra essi e a loro volta legati a basi azotate.
L'ultimo step potrebbe essere stato lo stretto legame quasi

univoco tra aminoacidi in sequenza (polipeptidica) e mini-
aggregati di basi azotate (2, 3, n unità), formando la base
struttural-funzionale del codice genetico a triplette.
Da questo punto in poi l'evoluzione prebiotica dei

nanozymes diventa indistinguibile da quella biotica e
plausibilmente procederà sempre più veloce sulla base di
fusione di funzioni, rafforzamento di funzioni, dimensioni,
complessità e precisione di auto-replicazione e di simbiosi
con altre strutture organiche complesse ma prebiotiche
(bi-layer di fosfolipidi,..).
Questo modello evolutivo della origine della vita a partire

da nuclei nanozymici può includere molto bene anche la
tesi ""Jupiter's Great Red Spot hides an exobiological
nature??""
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Jupiters_Great_Red_S
pot_hides_an_exobiological_nature
SalVyjpg07.jpg · 58.9 kB
Relevant answer
Salvatore Vicidomini · 29 Jul 2024

Answer
Evidence of dark oxygen production at the
abyssal seafloor
Nature Geoscience (2024). DOI:10.1038/s41561-

024-01480-8
Abstract
Deep-seafloor organisms consume oxygen, which can

be measured by in situ benthic chamber experiments.
Here we report such experiments at the polymetallic
nodule-covered abyssal seafloor in the Pacific Ocean
in which oxygen increased over two days to more than
three times the background concentration, which from
ex situ incubations we attribute to the polymetallic
nodules. Given high voltage potentials (up to 0.95 V)
on nodule surfaces, we hypothesize that seawater
electrolysis may contribute to this dark oxygen
production.
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01480-8
Alexander Ohnemus
Could Wolfram Alpha facilitate life extension and anti-

aging? Specifically how?
Question 2 answers
7 Jul 2024
Yes. Specifically
ecting_Cell_Errors .
Relevant answer
Munir Wahab · 17 Jul 2024

Answer
Definitely yes
Alexander Ohnemus
From fundamentals, how do we anti-age?

Question 2 answers
7 Jul 2024
Correcting cellular growth errors.
ecting_Cell_Errors
Relevant answer
Ramón Garza Wilmot · 12 Jul 2024

Answer
Fundamentalmente: Muriéndose. Solo envejece lo
vivo, aunque vivas muy sanamente. Lo no vivo no
envejece, solo cambia.
Envejecer es inevitable a corto o a largo plazo.
Academic Edge Publishing Ltd Aep

International Conference on Engineering, Science,

Technology, and Innovation (IESTI 2024)
Question 4 answers
21 Jun 2024
Date: 19-09-2024
Location: Online
Submission Deadline: 15-07-2024**** Extended to 1-8-

2024
The Organizing Committee of the International Conference

on Engineering, Science, Technology, and Innovation
(IESTI 2024) is pleased to invite researchers,
practitioners, and professionals to submit papers for
presentation and publication at the IESTI conference. This
prestigious event aims to bring together leading scholars,
researchers, and industry experts to exchange and share
their experiences and research results on all aspects of
Engineering, Science, Technology, and Innovation.
Topics of Interest
Topics of interest for submission include, but are not

limited to:
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Information Technology
Communications Technology
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Biotechnology
Innovation:
Technological Innovation
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Entrepreneurship
Sustainable Development
Policy and Innovation
Submission Guidelines
Authors are invited to submit original, unpublished

research papers that are not currently under review
elsewhere. All submissions will be peer-reviewed and
evaluated based on originality, technical and research
content, correctness, relevance to the conference,
contributions, and readability.
Paper Submission Process:
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conference template available on the conference website.
2. Length: Full papers should be between 6-10 pages,

including all figures, tables, and references.
3. Submission Link: Submit your papers through the

online submission system available on the conference
website.
4. Review Process: Each paper will undergo a blind peer

review process.
5. Notification: Authors will be notified of the review

results by 15-08-2024.
6. Camera-Ready Submission: Final versions of

accepted papers must be submitted by 31-08-2024.
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Paper Submission Deadline: 15-07-2024 ****

Extended to 1-8-2024
Notification of Acceptance: 15-08-2024
Camera-Ready Paper Submission: 31-08-2024
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Conference Dates: 19-09-2024
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All accepted and presented papers will be published in the

journals listed on the following website:
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Special Sessions and Workshops
IESTI 2024 will also feature special sessions and

workshops focusing on current trends and emerging
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Innovation. Proposals for special sessions and
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For any inquiries regarding paper submissions or the

conference, please contact:
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Address: Academic Edge Publishing LTD, London,
United Kingdom
We look forward to your participation in IESTI 2024 and to

a successful conference!
We would like to extend our invitation to invite you to join

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- Journal of Probiotics and Bioactive Molecules Research

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Please send an email including your full name, affiliation,

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Sincerely,
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Website:
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conference
Relevant answer
Dudley John Stewart · 9 Jul 2024

Answer
Looking forward to seeing this all progress
Alexander Ohnemus
What will effectively implement anti-aging? How?

Question 2 answers
7 Jul 2024
ecting_Cell_Errors
Relevant answer
Ali Goodarzi · 9 Jul 2024

Answer
Well, first, we have to understand what happens when
we age .
Our DNA degrades over time so the first step is

to stabilize DNA structure, and integrity,
Then we move on to door number two
Which is manipulation of DNA
Alexander Ohnemus
If a phenotypic/somatic/acquired mutation mutates all

a human's cells then genes can be genetically
engineered within the precautionary principle.
Question 1 answer
4 Jul 2024
If a phenotypic/somatic/acquired mutation mutates all a
human's cells then genes can be genetically engineered
within the precautionary principle.
1)https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377490960_If_
both_the_traits_and_genes_desired_in_genetic_engineeri
ng_are_the_more_recessive_ones_then_can_the_operati
on_be_simplified_to_somatic_mutations_How_Why
2)https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381851411_Th
e_PRP_Privileged_Reformist_Phenotype
3)https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381880119_W
hat_is_a_revolutionary_phenotype_and_how_do_we_avoi
d_one
Relevant answer
Alexander Ohnemus · 4 Jul 2024

Answer
MAYBE.
Alexander Ohnemus
I might genetically engineer myself, with somatic

mutations, to get white privilege:
Question 2 answers
26 Jun 2024
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377490960_If_b
oth_the_traits_and_genes_desired_in_genetic_engineerin
g_are_the_more_recessive_ones_then_can_the_operatio
n_be_simplified_to_somatic_mutations_How_Why
Relevant answer
Md Abdullah Al Sayeef · 4 Jul 2024

Answer
As a researcher it is better to find the essence and
prophecy of own genes
Viacheslav Pauls
Have pathomorphological studies of the lungs been

performed in patients with desminopathy?
Question 7 answers
16 Jun 2024
It is known that patients with desminopathy often die from
pneumonia. Have pathomorphological studies of the lungs
been performed in patients with desminopathy?
Relevant answer
Viacheslav Pauls · 4 Jul 2024

Answer
Dear Sagar Nanaso Salunkhe, thank you very much
for your detailed answers!
Alexander Ohnemus
Respectfully nationalism correlates with dysgenics.

Globalism is transhumanist.
Question 1 answer
7 Jun 2024
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380427514_Kale
rgi_and_Hart-Cellerand_Memetics_White_Antifragility
Relevant answer
Fatima Garba Kontagora · 3 Jul 2024

Answer
Yes
Alexander Ohnemus
What is a revolutionary phenotype and how do we

avoid one?
Question 1 answer
1 Jul 2024
A revolutionary phenotype is another species being
delegated to reproducing its maker's kind. Then the
delegated reproducer MAY eventually overthrow their
before mentioned creator. Examples MAY be RNA
overthrowing their maker proteins. Then DNA
overthrowing their maker RNA. We avoid them by NOT
delegating our reproduction to another species ,and or
machine, and, more generally, using the precautionary
principle. Simpler surgeries are less risky than the more
complex ones.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381851411_The_
PRP_Privileged_Reformist_Phenotype
Relevant answer
Mohammed Jawad Kadhim · 2 Jul 2024

Answer
I agree with you
Raghad Ma'an Mohammed Salih

I would like new suggestions on ways that can help

me and on important skills to improve student
performance?
Question 9 answers
27 Jun 2024
I find a problem in teaching biology, especially since
students begin to memorize information without
concentrating just in order to get a good grade on the
exam. Trying to use new and exciting teaching methods
causes great fatigue because I am constrained for time
and required to teach every word in the book.
Relevant answer
Gunter Heim · 2 Jul 2024

Answer
Here ist a method I have been using since 2012 with
high school students of physics. This method was, for
example, praised by zoologist Richard Dawkins in
memory of one of his teachers at University.
Let your students write short essays (200 to 400

words is fine) on a narrowly defined topics. Give them
a few technical terms you expect them to use. Ask
them to produce arguments for and against certain
propositions. This will encourage them to think about
more fundamental principles. For example: "Give
evidence for and against group selection. Draw a
personal conclusion".
It usually takes me about 5 to 10 minutes to read each

essay. I do not fully correct it but only indicate where
students lack depth or make false statements, aksing
them to correct them.
After a few such tasks, I definitely observe a strong

increase in the students' proficiency to produce
meaningful and coherent texts. This is definetely one
step beyond mere rote learning. It's worth a try.
Alexander Ohnemus
Has immortality been invented yet? If not, how close?

Question 5 answers
28 Jun 2024
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374415845_The
_Differential_Equations_of_Life_Extension
Relevant answer
Srija Roy · 1 Jul 2024

Answer
Philip G Penketh thanks for sharing your belief and
experience. Duplication of each cell in our body could
be something similar to bacterial division. But the
product might be similar to an identical clone. Then
again I think that would not be the same "person" even
when exposed to the same events in life.
Cheers to Life..
Alexander Ohnemus
Could fish looking sea gods, like Poseidon, represent

humans recognizing we are clad fish?
Question 2 answers
2 Jun 2024
1)Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Poseidon".
Encyclopedia Britannica, 29 Mar. 2024,
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Poseidon. Accessed 2
June 2024.
2)"But we humans, along with bears, lizards,

hummingbirds and Tyrannosaurus rex, are actually lobe-
finned fish" ( https://research.reading.ac.uk/research-
blog/how-fish-evolved-to-walk-and-in-one-case-turned-
into-humans/ ).
Relevant answer
Andre Marschall · 30 Jun 2024

Answer
We are not clad fish but clad apes. Though the Deep
Ones are known among the lost tribes, who are
worshipping the elder gods. For further reference,
read up on the works of Abdul Alhazred.
Titas Brokevicius
How can I statistically compare Simpson's Index

values?
Question 4 answers
24 Jun 2024
I have 6 ecosystems, 3 of which are substrate A and the
other 3 are substrate B. each ecosystem has about 10
species. I have calculated a simpsons value for each
ecosystem and a simpsons value for each substrate. I
would like to statistically compare the two index values of
substrate A and B, is this possible in any way? Since I
would like to statistically compare the biodiversity between
the two substrates, what is the best way to go about this?
Relevant answer
Andrew Paul McKenzie Pegman · 26 Jun…

Answer
You use a Mann-Whitney test since the data do not
have a normal distribution :)
Titas Brokevicius
How can I statistically compare shannon wiener index

values between two years?
Question 4 answers
18 Jun 2024
I have six ecosystems in two substrate categories
(Triplicates essentially). I have determined shannon
wiener index values for each ecosystem and also for the
two categories separately. I have done this for two
separate sets of data that were sampled in two separate
years. Is it possible to statistically compare the
development of the biodiversity between each of the
categories i.e., the development of biodiveristy in
ecosystem 1 between the two years, using the shannon
wiener values somehow? Are there any other tests that
could work? I am aware of the hutcheson t test however,
some of my data is not normally distributed.
I would really appreciate some help!
Relevant answer
Chuck A Arize · 23 Jun 2024

Answer
To statistically compare Shannon-Wiener index values
between two years:
1. Calculate Shannon-Wiener Index: Compute the

Shannon-Wiener index separately for each year
using appropriate ecological data.
2. Normality Check: Ensure that the index values
follow a normal distribution, typically assessed
using statistical tests like the Shapiro-Wilk test or
visual inspection (e.g., histograms).
3. Choose a Test: Use a paired t-test if the data for
both years are paired (i.e., measurements from the
same sites or samples) and normally distributed.
Alternatively, use a Wilcoxon signed-rank test if the
data are not normally distributed or if the
assumptions for the t-test are not met.
4. Perform the Test: Conduct the chosen statistical
test to compare the mean or median Shannon-
Wiener index values between the two years.
5. Interpret the Results: Evaluate the test statistic
and p-value to determine if there is a statistically
significant difference in the Shannon-Wiener index
values between the two years. Adjust for multiple
comparisons if necessary.
By following these steps, you can effectively compare

Shannon-Wiener index values between two different
years in a statistically rigorous manner.
Alaa Al-Ibadi

Question 3 answers
21 Jun 2024
Date: 19-09-2024
Location: Online
Submission Deadline: 15-07-2024 **** Extended to 1-8-

2024
The Organizing Committee of the International Conference

on Engineering, Science, Technology, and Innovation
(IESTI 2024) is pleased to invite researchers,
practitioners, and professionals to submit papers for
presentation and publication at the IESTI conference. This
prestigious event aims to bring together leading scholars,
researchers, and industry experts to exchange and share
their experiences and research results on all aspects of
Engineering, Science, Technology, and Innovation.
Topics of Interest
Topics of interest for submission include, but are not

limited to:
Engineering:
Mechanical Engineering
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Civil Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Aerospace Engineering
Materials Science and Engineering
Computer Science and Engineering
Science:
Physical Sciences
Life Sciences
Environmental Sciences
Earth Sciences
Chemical Sciences
Artificial Intelligence
Technology:
Information Technology
Communications Technology
Nanotechnology
Biotechnology
Innovation:
Technological Innovation
Innovation Management
Entrepreneurship
Sustainable Development
Policy and Innovation
Submission Guidelines
Authors are invited to submit original, unpublished

research papers that are not currently under review
elsewhere. All submissions will be peer-reviewed and
evaluated based on originality, technical and research
content, correctness, relevance to the conference,
contributions, and readability.
Paper Submission Process:
1. Format: All papers must be formatted according to the

conference template available on the conference website.
2. Length: Full papers should be between 6-10 pages,

including all figures, tables, and references.
3. Submission Link: Submit your papers through the

online submission system available on the conference
website.
4. Review Process: Each paper will undergo a blind peer

review process.
5. Notification: Authors will be notified of the review

results by 15-08-2024.
6. Camera-Ready Submission: Final versions of

accepted papers must be submitted by 31-08-2024.
Website:
conference
Important Dates
Paper Submission Deadline: 15-07-2024 ****

Extended to 1-8-2024
Notification of Acceptance: 15-08-2024
Camera-Ready Paper Submission: 31-08-2024
Early Bird Registration Deadline: 20-08-2024
Conference Dates: 19-09-2024
Conference Proceedings
All accepted and presented papers will be published in the

journals listed on the following website:
https://www.academicedgepub.co.uk/journals
Special Sessions and Workshops
IESTI 2024 will also feature special sessions and

workshops focusing on current trends and emerging
topics in Engineering, Science, Technology, and
Innovation. Proposals for special sessions and
workshops can be submitted to:
editor@academicedgepub.co.uk, by 1-8-2024.
Contact Information
For any inquiries regarding paper submissions or the

conference, please contact:
Conference Secretariat:
editor@academicedgepub.co.uk
Address: Academic Edge Publishing LTD, London,
United Kingdom
We look forward to your participation in IESTI 2024 and to

a successful conference!
We would like to extend our invitation to invite you to join

the editorial board of the:
- Journal of Probiotics and Bioactive Molecules Research

(JPBMR)
Please send an email including your full name, affiliation,

CV, and mention the selected journal to the following email
address: editor@academicedgepub.co.uk
Sincerely,
IESTI 2024 Organizing Committee
Website:
conference
Relevant answer
Israa Sabri · 22 Jun 2024

Answer
‫شكرا جزي& دكتور‬
Kaushik Mahorker
AI Peer Review Report for your next paper -

ReviewMyPaper
Question 3 answers
21 Jun 2024
I built an AI powered tool that gives you a detailed PDF
report on your manuscript to improve your chances of
publication.
The report includes:
- Strengths and Weaknesses
- Quantitative scoring for each section
- Actionable recommendations with examples
It's $1 per upload to cover costs. The first 20 users can

use discount code "FREE" to try it out now.
Would love to hear any feedback and thoughts -

https://reviewmypaper.ai/
Relevant answer
Kaushik Mahorker · 22 Jun 2024

Answer
That's a great question and definitely a valid concern
of protecting IP!
Here's how data is handled:
- The manuscript is sent to our backend and deleted

from our database within 72 hours of generating your
report.
- In creating the review the only external service used

is the OpenAI API, and they've explicitly stated "data
sent to the OpenAI API will not be used to train or
improve OpenAI models" [reference here]
(https://platform.openai.com/docs/models/how-we-
use-your-
data#:~:text=As%20of%20March%201%2C%202023
%2C%20data%20sent%20to%20the%20OpenAI%20
API%20will%20not%20be%20used%20to%20train%2
0or%20improve%20OpenAI%20models)
It won't save the data longer than it needs to and will

never be used to train a model.
Charity Iyobe
Effect of flipped blended learning on secondary

school students in biology ?
Question 4 answers
20 Jun 2024
I need help on this topic
Relevant answer
Rodel Leonen · 22 Jun 2024

Answer
an interactive instructional methodology involving
technology provided that learning resources and
facilities are very much equipped between learners
and students
Alexander Ohnemus
Plus, fine tuning suggests each being gets one life in

the material realm then an eternal afterlife.
Question 1 answer
14 Jun 2024
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381430297_RES
PECTFULLY_Quantum_Entanglement_Reincarnation
Relevant answer
Chuck A Arize · 21 Jun 2024

Answer
The concept of fine tuning suggests that each being
gets one life in the material realm followed by an
eternal afterlife. This view posits that life on Earth is
intricately balanced and designed to support a singular
physical existence, after which individuals transition to
an eternal spiritual existence or afterlife.
Titas Brokevicius
How can I statistically compare shannon index values

between two years?
Question 7 answers
17 Jun 2024
I have six ecosystems in two substrate categories
(Triplicates essentially). I have determined shannon
wiener index values for each ecosystem and also for the
two categories separately. I have done this for two
separate sets of data that were sampled in two separate
years. Is it possible to statistically compare the
development of the biodiversity between each of the
categories i.e., the development of biodiveristy in
ecosystem 1 between the two years, using the shannon
wiener values somehow? Are there any other tests that
could work? I am aware of the hutcheson t test however,
some of my data is not normally distributed.
I would really appreciate some help!
Relevant answer
Janet F. Rabut · 20 Jun 2024

Answer
To statistically compare Shannon index values (a
measure of diversity) between two years, you can use
several methods depending on the data's nature and
distribution. Here's a step-by-step guide:
1. Prepare Your Data
Ensure you have the Shannon index values for the

two years. Your data might look something like this:
Year Shannon_Index
2022 2.3
2022 2.5
2022 2.1
2023 2.7
2023 2.8
2023 2.6
2. Check Normality
Determine if the Shannon index values follow a normal

distribution. This can be done using tests such as the
Shapiro-Wilk test.
3. Choose a Statistical Test
Based on the normality of the data, choose an

appropriate test:
If data is normally distributed:
Use an independent t-test if the variances between the

groups are equal (you can check for this using
Levene's test).
Use Welch's t-test if the variances are not equal.
If data is not normally distributed:
Use a non-parametric test such as the Mann-Whitney

U test (also known as the Wilcoxon rank-sum test).
4. Perform the Test
Craig Ebrahimi
Ancient Diamondized Embryo

Question 1 answer
17 Jun 2024
RG
Could this 2mm Ancient diamondized embryo be Martian

or remnants of a lost planet .
Ancient human related or could this be some type of

Reptilian.
Ancient earth /Reptilian/ ET?
BC-Meteorite-800x443-1 (1).jpg · 89.2 kB
Relevant answer
Irina Zyrianova · 19 Jun 2024

Answer
I don't have an answer, but this is a very impressive
question!!!!!
Alexander Ohnemus
How similar are information theory, concrete concepts

and critical rationalism?
Question 2 answers
14 Jun 2024
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381430297_RES
PECTFULLY_Quantum_Entanglement_Reincarnation
Relevant answer
Murtadha Shukur · 19 Jun 2024

Answer
These three areas are quite different, although they
can touch on related ideas in some ways. Here's a
breakdown:
Information theory: This is a branch of applied

mathematics that focuses on quantifying, storing,
and transmitting information. It uses concepts from
probability and statistics to analyze how efficiently
information can be communicated through channels
with noise or limitations.
Concrete concepts: This refers to ideas that are
well-defined, specific, and easy to grasp. They are
not abstract or theoretical. Examples include the
concept of a chair, the number 5, or the color red.
Critical rationalism: This is a philosophical
approach to knowledge acquisition. It emphasizes
the importance of testing and criticizing ideas to see
if they hold up under scrutiny. It rejects the notion of
absolute certainty and suggests that knowledge is
always provisional, open to revision based on new
evidence.
There might be some connections:
Information theory and concrete concepts:

Information theory can be used to analyze how
efficiently concrete concepts are communicated.
For example, a simple concept like "red" might
require fewer bits to transmit than a more complex
idea.
Critical rationalism and information theory:
Critical rationalism can be used to evaluate the
quality of information itself. If information is
incomplete, contradictory, or not well-sourced, then
a critical rationalist approach would be to question
its validity.
Overall, information theory is a mathematical

framework, concrete concepts are specific ideas, and
critical rationalism is a way of approaching knowledge.
They are all valuable tools in different areas.
Titas Brokevicius
How are Shannon Wiener values used in the Wilcoxon

rank sum test?
Question 5 answers
17 Jun 2024
Is it very literally subbing in shannon wiener index values
instead of species abundances?
Relevant answer
Zaal Kikvidze · 19 Jun 2024

Answer
By the laws of statistics, no crime, it is allowed.
Khalid M. Saqr
Do you want to solve the peer-review crisis?

Question 4 answers
18 Apr 2023
Dear Colleagues,
Peer-review isn't working well, and it needs an overhaul. In

the time of artificial intelligence, blockchain, and remote
work, it doesn't make sense to wait for months just to
receive few lines rejecting an excellent manuscript or
accepting a poor one!
Would you spend five minutes to answer a questionnaire

on Google forms, and help SCIENEUM.io solve this
problem for all of us?
This is it: https://forms.gle/2BskfDeAoeqKf5Wt5
Are you one of us? https://youtu.be/ewOuhohAjWc
Write your comment below!
Relevant answer
Stephen I. Ternyik · 9 Jun 2024

Answer
Done, participated ! Good video Khalid M. Saqr
Reminded me to:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KMbeK_6ATxQ
I. Bentov human evolution.
Juan Hernández-Cervantes
Desistematización y fractalidad como hipótesis al

pensamiento complejo y a la comprensión de la
complejidad
Question 2 answers
8 May 2024
La fractalidad en cuerpos y entornos complejos
Para abordar la desistematización y fractalidad como

hipótesis al pensamiento complejo. Es relevante
preguntarse: ¿Si no es un sistema, es un no sistema?
Entonces, es incoherente reducir un entornos complejos a
modelos de sistemas. Por lo tanto, es viable proponer que
entornos complejos contienen o cuerpos complejos están
compuestos de cuerpos complejos, los que a su vez
podrían estar conteniendo a grupos complejos, entre los
grupos diversos de tales cuerpos, encontramos a los
sistemas. Lo cual, refleja el modelo de un fractal. Lo
anterior basandonos en el modelo del cuerpo humano.
Cuerpos y entornos describen con mayor precisión al

sistema complejo. Y concuerdan mejor con la teoría de la
complejidad.
Los cuerpos y entornos complejos son fundamentales

para comprender la teoría de la complejidad. Esta teoría
se centra en entender los entornos que presentan
interconexiones, comportamientos no lineales,
autoorganización y emergencia de propiedades a partir de
la interacción entre múltiples componentes o cuerpos. La
aplicación de la teoría de la complejidad nos permite
abordar fenómenos del mundo real de manera más
precisa y completa, debido a que reconoce la naturaleza
interconectada y dinámica de los sistemas complejos.
La fractalidad es una característica fascinante de los

entornos complejos. Los fractales son patrones
geométricos que se repiten a diferentes escalas, lo que
los hace muy interesantes en campos como las
matemáticas, la física, la biología y el arte.
La fractalidad se relaciona con cuerpos complejos de

diversas maneras. Por ejemplo, en la naturaleza
encontramos estructuras fractales en formas como los
copos de nieve, las costas marítimas, las montañas, e
incluso en la distribución de los árboles en un bosque. En
el cuerpo humano, ciertas estructuras biológicas exhiben
patrones fractales, como los pulmones y los sistemas
vasculares. Además, en la ciencia de materiales, la
fractalidad a menudo se utiliza para describir superficies
rugosas y porosas. Esta conexión con los cuerpos
complejos es un ejemplo de cómo la fractalidad es una
herramienta útil para comprender y modelar fenómenos
en el mundo real.
Definitivamente los procesos estocásticos y la fractalidad

son características fundamentales de los entornos y
cuerpos complejos. Los procesos estocásticos, que
involucran elementos aleatorios o probabilísticos, son
comunes en sistemas complejos, ya que reflejan la
incertidumbre y la variabilidad presentes en muchos
fenómenos naturales y sociales. Por otro lado, la
presencia de patrones fractales en entornos y cuerpos
complejos resalta la auto-similitud a diferentes escalas y
la naturaleza irregular de muchos entornos del mundo
real. Estas características proporcionan herramientas
valiosas para modelar y comprender la complejidad
inherente a una amplia gama de fenómenos, desde la
distribución de poblaciones hasta la dinámica del clima.
Relevant answer
Juan Hernández-Cervantes · 6 Jun 2024

Answer
Hola Doctor!!!
Agradezco la atención prestada, es interesante su

comentario.
Alexander Ohnemus
Conjecture: first birds were flightless.

Question 3 answers
29 May 2024
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380972076_Mod
ern_dinosaursbirds_are_dinos_but_NOT_pterodactyls
Relevant answer
Karl Pfeifer · 2 Jun 2024

Answer
What counts as a bird? If feathers are a sine qua non,
then it's not inconceivable that some early featherless
flying critters evolved into feathered flying critters, in
which case their birdhood evolved after the capacity
for flight. Note that I said "some". The evolution of
birds might have taken several paths with different
sequences from a common nonbird ancestor.
Mohammad Hossein Khajehpour

What is the difference between absorption and

adsorption?
Question 28 answers
31 May 2024
What is the difference between absorption and
adsorption?
Relevant answer
Prem Baboo · 31 May 2024

Answer
The main difference is that while absorption involves
the mass transfer of particles into another material
(one substance absorbing another), adsorption takes
place with the adhesion of particles onto the surface of
a substance. absorption is the process in which a fluid
dissolves by a liquid or a solid. In the case of
Adsorption, the atoms, ions, or molecules from a
substance adhere to a surface of the adsorbent
Alexander Ohnemus
Is the closest known living relative to a plesiosaur a

sea turtle?
Question 2 answers
25 May 2024
Is the closest known living relative to a plesiosaur a sea
turtle?
Relevant answer
Antoni Lacasa Ruiz · 27 May 2024

Answer
Muhammad Ulmar is right about this question.
Alexander Ohnemus
Even under the most skeptical epistemology, faith

may be reasonable.
Question 1 answer
20 May 2024
1)https://www.scribd.com/document/704552014/HighlyThe
oreticalDifferentialEquationsoftheAfterlife
2)https://www.scribd.com/document/704552017/TheImpro
babilityofandDangerinBelievinginReincarnationPresentedb
yDifferentialEquationsPhilosophytoHarderSciencesThirdly
EngineeringthenfinallySofterScie
Relevant answer
Lakhdar Boumia · 24 May 2024

Answer
Welcome. Good luck
Etienne Lehoux-Jobin
Who (first) proposed/used/coined the term

‘translation’ in biology/genetics?
Question 10 answers
2 May 2024
Who (first) proposed/used/coined the term ‘translation’ in
biology/genetics? What is the history behind the use of the
word? Thank you!
Relevant answer
Frederic Lepretre · 23 May 2024

Answer
you're right, maybe one day there will be nobody in
front of the screen
IA...loss of humanity
fred
Alexander Ohnemus
Was Odin based on Attila the Hun? Why?

Question 2 answers
20 May 2024
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372338423_Furt
her_Supporting_the_Mimetic_Theory-
_Was_Odin_based_on_Atilla-
_Does_the_Immortality_Key_Create_a_Paradox_Between
_Posthumous_Divinity_Thesis_and_Natural_Selection-
_And_other_Nuances_--
Relevant answer
Kevin Moss · 22 May 2024

Answer
The norse god ODIN dates back to the second century
BC, and he was worshipped through to the 8th-11th
century AD.
Attila the Hun died in AD 453, therefore ODIN could

not possibly be based upon him.
Alexander Ohnemus
How much philosophy must one know to contribute in

science? Why?
Question 4 answers
6 May 2024
Enough to expand science.
1)
Book Highly Theoretical Differential Equations of the
Afterlife
2)
of, and Da...
Relevant answer
Chuck A Arize · 12 May 2024
Answer
One doesn't need to be a philosopher, but
understanding philosophical concepts relevant to their
field, like epistemology or ethics, can enhance critical
thinking and methodology in science, promoting more
robust and ethical research practices.
Alexander Ohnemus
Respectfully, does the vastness and or sustainability

of a belief system, indicate plausibility? Why? How?
Question 5 answers
11 Feb 2024
Sources:
Afterlife

of, and Da...
Relevant answer
Chuck A Arize · 12 May 2024

Answer
The vastness or sustainability of a belief system
doesn't necessarily indicate its plausibility. Plausibility
depends on evidence, logical coherence, and
consistency with observable phenomena, rather than
the popularity or longevity of a belief. While a belief
system's widespread acceptance or enduring nature
may influence perceptions, plausibility is determined
by its ability to withstand critical scrutiny and align with
empirical reality.
Alexander Ohnemus
Good for me:

Question 2 answers
11 May 2024
1)
https://www.scribd.com/document/704552014/HighlyTheor
eticalDifferentialEquationsoftheAfterlife
2)
https://www.scribd.com/document/704552017/TheImproba
bilityofandDangerinBelievinginReincarnationPresentedbyD
ifferentialEquationsPhilosophytoHarderSciencesThirdlyEn
gineeringthenfinallySofterScie
Relevant answer
Alexander Ohnemus · 12 May 2024

Answer
I’m published.
Oluwatimilehin Emmanuel Fabeku

What makes a Professional teacher? The subject

content knowledge or pedagogical content
knowledge?
Question 17 answers
2 May 2024
As a professional teacher, there is need to have a 'What'
and 'How' of teaching? The what to teach, which is the
subject content like Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics and
the likes, and the 'How' to teach them, which is the
pedagogical content knowledge.
Relevant answer
Alexander Ohnemus · 9 May 2024

Answer
Maybe writing a work kind of like this:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380427514_
Kalergi_and_Hart-
Cellerand_Memetics_White_Antifragility?
_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InByb2Zpb
GUiLCJwYWdlIjoicHJvZmlsZSIsInBvc2l0aW9uIjoicGF
nZUNvbnRlbnQifX0
Anubhuti Dixit
What is the impact factor of micropublication

Biology?
Question 2 answers
1 May 2024
FJJJ
Relevant answer
Rob Keller · 2 May 2024

Answer
Dear Anubhuti Dixit
The journal “microPublication Biology” has no impact

factor. For this they need to be indexed in Clarivate’s
ESCI or SCIE and they are not, you can check here
https://mjl.clarivate.com/home
Still in a number of cases it might be interesting to

publish here https://www.micropublication.org click on
“About” and then on “What Should You microPublish?”
For sure it is a trusted organization behind this one.
Best regards.
Jiadi Gan
Call for collaborators of research topic "renewed

insight into cancer mechanism and therapy" for 4
Frontiers journal
Question 1 answer
22 Apr 2024
Our group are delighted to announce a research topic
entitled "Renewed Insight into Cancer Mechanism and
Therapy" for publication in Frontiers in Immunology,
Frontiers in Physiology, Frontiers in Oncology and
Frontiers in medicine.
This topic amis at investigating renewed persipective on

biological behavior of cancer, underlying therapeutic
target for clinical practice as well as clinical
interventions on cancer treatments. We are longing to
devote new insights into this area.
We are searching for one or more researchers to

participate in this organizing team who meet the following
criteria
1. H-index over 15: the researcher should have an H-

index greater than 15, which indicates the impact of the
corresponding field.
2. No Retracted Publications: the researcher should

have a clear record without restracted publications to
identify academic integrity.
3. Non-Chinese affiliation: acording to the requirement

from Frontiers, the research who is willing to join our group
should not belong to any Chinese affiliation owing to team
diversity.
This is a special chance to collaborate with outstanding

researchers in Caner biology and Cancer therapy.
Responsibilities of collaborators
1. Contribute to frame and conception of research

topic
2. Assist in inviting submissions, revewing

manuscript and editing content
3. Engage in promotion of the research topic in

academic and professional network.
Relevant answer
Ayush Jha · 22 Apr 2024

Answer
Hello,
I am interested in helping, Please message me with

details.
Shotaro Naganuma
Any curriculum to integrate physics, chemistry,

biology, and geology (PCBG integration)?
Question 16 answers
8 Aug 2022
Currently, in Japan, physics, chemistry, biology, and
geology are taught independently in science education
context. So I would like to know, has any country
developed a curriculum that emphasizes the relationship
or overlaps between these four fields? I know that similar
movement is occurring under the name of "STEM
integration." But how about the case of physics, chemistry,
biology, and geology? (Or I should say "PCBG
integration") I would appreciate it if you could let me know
anything.
Relevant answer
Harmandar Singh · 18 Apr 2024

Answer
Well, thanks for sharing a Wonderful Research
Question for Future Research about School
Education, which deals with questions about
curriculum to integrate physics, chemistry, biology, and
geology (PCBG integration) as well.
While, it seems that all of it also refers to the Proposed

Education of Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Math
with Cymatics in High Schools with Hypothesis and
Research of Philselfology as discussed in the
following Research Proposal:
[1]
Research Proposal Proposed Education of Physics,
Chemistry, Biology and Math w...
Now, it simply seems to raise a question of "Is it

possible to have a Single or Common Subject of
Education with Research for Physics, Chemistry,
Biology and Math with Cymatics in High Schools?",
and thus it is requested here as a question, where
Name of Philselfology is also proposed for all of it as a
Single, Common and Unified Subject as well.
It is also discussed more here as well:
ResearchGate Question and Discussion Reference:

[1] Is it possible to have a Single or Common Subject
of Education with Research for Physics, Chemistry,
Biology and Math with Cymatics in High Schools?
(https://www.researchgate.net/post/Is_it_possible_to_
have_a_Single_or_Common_Subject_of_Education_
with_Research_for_Physics_Chemistry_Biology_and_
Math_with_Cymatics_in_High_Schools)
Thanks for your precious time!
Cristián Quintero
Science and teaching: Are the researchers better

professors?
Question 7 answers
5 Apr 2024
Most of the researchers use to teach at university. In some
careers, professionals who exert their profession without
doing research share teaching spaces. When I was a
chemistry student, 100% of my teachers were researchers
ranging from PhD candidates to experts in their respective
fields. While it may seem logical for researchers to be the
best candidates to teach in fields such as chemistry or
biology, what about healthcare-related fields like medicine,
pharmacy, or biochemistry? Who is better suited to lead a
class, a researcher or a professional, or both, each one in
different subjects? We can distinguish between basic and
clinical subjects. I am interested in hearing your thoughts
on this matter.
Relevant answer
Krushna Chandra Sahoo · 17 Apr 2024

Answer
Being a proficient researcher doesn't necessarily
equate to being a better professor. While research
expertise can enhance teaching by bringing current
knowledge and real-world applications into the
classroom, effective teaching requires distinct skills
such as communication, empathy, and the ability to
engage students.
A good professor balances both research and

teaching responsibilities, tailoring their approach to
meet the needs of their students while contributing to
their field through research. However, being a
successful researcher doesn't guarantee effective
teaching, as teaching requires its own set of abilities
and dedication.
Binura Yerimbet
From textbook to Real-Life: Transformative

techniques in teaching biology this is our diploma
topic can anyone give advice or and share resources?
Question 8 answers
13 Apr 2024
What transformative techniques are there in biology?
Relevant answer
Binura Yerimbet · 14 Apr 2024

Answer
Thank you very much, António José Rodrigues
Rebelo:))))))))
Could you share article about that )
Isna Rasdianah Aziz

Does anyone want to collaborate as a speaker at my

conference?
Question 4 answers
4 Oct 2023
Dear all,
I want to invite you as a speaker at my department

conference, only in Biology field or relevant. Kindly send
me a message for the details.
Relevant answer
Gopal Maheswari · 9 Apr 2024

Answer
Yes. I am interested in delivering a lecture on Stored
product pest control including physical, chemical,
mechanical, and biological control measures
emphasizing the importance of proper storage and
sanitation practices to prevent infestations in storage
conditions.
Jitse Michiel van der Meer

Can researchgate list publications by discipline?

Question 1 answer
3 Apr 2024
I work in different disciplines (biology, history of science)
and would like to list my publications in these field under
these categories. Under each category I want to list them
by year of publication. Is this possible?
Jitse
Relevant answer
Wolfgang R. Dick · 4 Apr 2024

Answer
Unfortunately, it is not possible to sort publications by
discipline or by other criteria than time. Formerly, there
were projects and it was possible to assign
publications to a project, but these were discontinued.
Sudip Ghimire
What is the concept of hybridization in plant

breeding?
Question 2 answers
15 May 2023
Hybridization is a technique used in plant breeding to
create new plant varieties by crossing two genetically
different parent plants. This process involves transferring
pollen from the male reproductive organs of one plant,
called the pollen donor or male parent, to the female
reproductive organs of another plant, called the female
parent. The resulting hybrid plants inherit desirable traits
from both parents, such as improved yield, disease
resistance, or enhanced quality.
Relevant answer
Kais Khudhair al Hadrawi · 30 Mar 2024

Answer
It's a treatment the farmer gives plants to harvest one
or more plants. a brand-new plant having unique,
appealing qualities in terms of size, color, form, and
timing of blooming. Maturity, flavor, aroma, and pest
and disease resistance, among other unique qualities.
about plants, so that they can adjust to your living
circumstances and the local environment
Alexander Ohnemus
Who is the leading parapsychologist? Why?

Question 6 answers
12 Mar 2024
I may be the world's leading expert on parapsychology:
1) http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.24739.43040
2)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377663987_Res
pectfully_and_Unfortunately_The_Improbability_of_and_D
anger_in_Believing_in_Reincarnation
Maybe I deserve an honorary PhD in parapsychology. I

would then teach afterlife studies @ UC Davis.
Relevant answer
William Mayor · 30 Mar 2024

Answer
Sir, all of your works that I am aware of seem to deal
more with mathematics than parapsychology.
Mathematics is important in the field, but it is not, at
least to my mind, central, any more than it is central
for biology, chemistry or sociology.
Now I do have a fair library of works on

parapsychology by respected scholars in the field, so I
am not ignorant. Perhaps you could refer me to which
specific work of yours deal with the field and in what
manner.
Alexander Ohnemus
RESPECTFULLY, who agrees reincarnation belief

causes people to blame wrongly? How? Why?
Question 1 answer
29 Jan 2024
Source:

of, and Da...
Relevant answer
Stephen I. Ternyik · 27 Mar 2024

Answer
Within certain Hebrew texts, there are several
instances suggesting the idea of reincarnation. The
Messiah will not come until all souls have been
reincarnated in physical bodies. Furthermore, it is said
that a righteous person does not depart from the world
until another righteous person like him is born. These
suggest the rebirth or reincarnation of souls.
As a philosopher and scholar, I have examined

various beliefs and traditions surrounding
reincarnation. In my view, the concept of reincarnation
is not a core principle in Judaism, and there is little
evidence or scriptural basis to support it. Instead, I
believe in the importance of leading a righteous life,
fulfilling one's moral obligations, and striving for
spiritual growth in this world. Ultimately, our focus
should be on living a life of purpose and integrity,
rather than speculating on what may happen in the
afterlife.
Brad Jesness
Soon, the Age of Reason may BEGIN

Question 2 answers
22 Mar 2024
When full empiricism seems to have a foothold and more
is sought (no compromises sought) then in the
psychological, biological and the social : the Age of
Reason may begin .
Relevant answer
Brad Jesness · 23 Mar 2024

Answer
I worshiped Piaget for 3 decades. But, more recently, I
determined that his "theory" is not fully empirical , but
just descriptive (points to/towards NO proximate
causes). My neo-Piagetian theory is fully empirical and
does point at proximate causes.
Something is not empirical to me unless it is fully (aka

really) empirical
Neeraj Kumar Sharma

International E- Seminar on Multidisciplinary Research

2024
Question 2 answers
18 Mar 2024
International e-SEMINAR
on
“Multidisciplinary Research”
Date : 17th March 2024
10:00 A.M.
Organized by
कुन्द कुन्द कहान िदगम्बर जैन महािवद्यालय, कोटा, राजस्थान
(Affiliated to Kota University, Kota, Rajasthan)
Kund Kund Kahan Digambar Jain College, Kota
( Approved by Govt.of Rajasthan and Affiliated to Kota

university, Kota, Rajasthan)
Kund Kund Kahan Digambar Jain Sanskrit College, Kota
कुन्द कुन्द कहान िदगम्बर जैन संस्कृत महािवद्यालय, कोटा, राजस्थान
(Affiliated To Jagatguru Ramanandachary Rajasthan

Sanskrit University, Jaipur)
On Virtual Mode
Organizing Committee
Patron : Shri Prem Chand Jain Bajaj, President, Kund

Kund Kahan Digambar Jain Mumukshu Ashram Trust,
Kota
Patron : Shri Avinash Jain, Secretary, Kund Kund

Kahan Digambar Jain Mumukshu Ashram Trust, Kota
Seminar Organizer : Dr. Neeraj Sharma, Associate

Professor, Department of Management, Singhania
University, Rajasthan
Seminar Secretary : Dr. Shatrughan Bhardwaj,

Department of Higher Education, Ministry of
Education, Govt. of India
Co-Ordinator/Convenor : Dr. Bijendra Singh, Principal,

Kund Kund Kahan Digambar Jain Sanskrit
Mahavidyalaya, Kota
International Seminar Speaker : Dr. John Michael

Sasan, Research Co-ordinator, Department of
Education, PAU Excellencia Global Academy
Foundation,Inc., Toledo City, Cebu, Philippines- 6038
International Seminar Speaker : Osias Kit T. Kilag,

EdD(c), ECT Excellencia Global Academy Foundation,
Inc. Vice President for Academic Affairs
National Speaker : प्रोफेसर अजय वधर्न आचायर्, रीजनल

डायरेक्टर, इग्नू ,एजुकेशन िमिनस्ट्री, गवनर्मेंट ऑफ इं िडया ,नई िदल्ली
National Speaker : प्रोफेसर महेंद्र कुमार उपाध्याय, प्राचायर्,

कौिटल्य कॉलेज,, कोटा
National Speaker : प्रोफेसर िजतेंद्र ितवारी केिरयर पॉइं ट

यूिनविसर् टी, कोटा
National Speaker : प्रोफेसर मधु कुमार भारद्वाज प्राचायर् िहतकारी

मिहला बी एड कॉलेज, कोटा
International Seminar Speaker : Dr. Onisimus Amtu,

M.Pd, Field of Educational Management Studies,
Ambon State Christian Institute, Maluku, Indonesia.
International Seminar Speaker : Ahmed Ramzy

Mohamed Abd El Aal Shabana, 10 Edeal Building –
Naser City – Cairo., Egyptian
PATRONs
Shri Prem Chand Jain Bajaj, President,
Kund Kund Kahan Digambar Jain Mumukshu Ashram

Trust, Kota
Shri Avinash Jain, Secretary

Trust, Kota
Mr. Dhayata Jain Bajaj, Treasurer,

Trust, Kota
Dr.Brajendra Singh, Executive Director
Kund Kund Kahan Digambar Jain Sanskrit College,

Kota
Kund Kund Kahan Digamber Jain College, Kota
Dr. Shatrughan Bhardwaj
Department of Higher Education, Ministry of

Education, Govt. of India
Dr. Neeraj Sharma, Associate Professor
Singhania University & Secretary, Poonam Academic

Research Foundation
Programme Details
Timings
Online Joining
09:45 a.m. – 10:00 a.m.
Welcome Note by Dr. Neeraj Sharma , Organizer of

International Seminar on Multidisciplinary Research
10:05 a.m. - 10:15 a.m.
Address by Shri Avinash Jain, Secretary, Kund Kund

Kahan Digambar Jain Mumukshu Ashram Trust, Kota
10:15 a.m - 10:30 a.m.
Address by Dr.Brajendra Singh, Executive Director
Kund Kund Kahan Digambar Jain Sanskrit College,

Kota
Kund Kund Kahan Digamber Jain College, Kota
10:31 a.m. – 10:40 a.m.
Guest Speaker प्रोफेसर महेंद्र कुमार उपाध्याय, प्राचायर्, कौिटल्य

कॉलेज,, कोटा
10:40 a.m.–11:00 a.m.
Guest Speaker प्रोफेसर िजतेंद्र ितवारी केिरयर पॉइं ट यूिनविसर् टी,

कोटा
11:00 a.m.- 11:10 a.m.
Guest Speaker प्रोफेसर मधु कुमार भारद्वाज प्राचायर् िहतकारी मिहला

बी एड कॉलेज, कोटा
11:10 a.m. – 11:20 a.m.
Guest Speaker Lecture by Dr. John Michael Sasan,

Research Co-ordinator, Department of Education, PAU
Excellencia Global Academy Foundation,Inc., Toledo
City, Cebu, Philippines- 6038
11:20 a.m.–11:40 a.m.
Leo Bentley, Chang’an University, Xi’an , China
11:40 a.m – 12:00 Noon
Koukoui Eloise F E Yabo , Benin
12:00 p.m. – 12:20 p.m.
Paper Presentation Session starts
12:20 p.m. onwards
The following candidates have been registered and

allowed to present their research paper in International
Seminar on Multidisciplinary Research – 2024 organized
by Kund Kund Kahan Digambar Jain Sanskrit College (
Approved by Govt.of Rajasthan and Affiliated to Jagatguru
Ramanandachary Rajasthan Sanskrit University, Jaipur)
and Kund Kund Kahan Digambar Jain College (Affiliated to
Kota University, Kota, Rajasthan) Kota, Rajasthan on 17th
March 2024.
Paper Title
Frames of History: Unveiling the Legacy of Indian Cinema
Authors
Sneha Mamgain, Research Scholar, Mass

Communication, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun
Dr Rajendra Singh Negi, Assistant Professor, Mass

Communication, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun
Paper Title
Factor affecting mental health of adolescent
Authors
Meenu Verma, Research scholar, University of Rajsthan
Paper Title
Impact of COVID -19 on Qualitative Education
Authors
Dr. Jagdish Kumar, Assistant Professor (B.ED), S.G.P.G

College , Maltari, Azamgarh (U.P.)
Paper Title
vkWuykbu f”k{kk dh vko”;drk ,oa ?kVd rRo
Authors
lat; “kkgthr lgk;d izk/;kid] iqLrdky; ,oa lwpuk foKku]

eSV~l fo”ofo|ky; jk;iqj NXk
fxj/kkjh yky iky lgk;d iqLrdky;k/;{k] dsanzh; iqLrdky;]

eSV~l fo”ofo|ky; jk;iqj NXk
Paper Title
पिरषदीय प्राथिमक िवद्यालयों में संचािलत िविभन्न प्रोत्साहन योजनाओं

का िवद्यालयों के भौितक वातावरण पर प्रभाव का अध्ययन
Authors
Sneha Rai Priyadarshani, Reserch Scholar, िशबली नेशनल

कॉलेज आज़मगढ़
Paper Title
Different Dimensions , Problems And Challenges Of Indian

Foreign Policy
Authors
Dr. Sonia, Assistant professor in Pol.sci., Om sterling

global University Hisar
Paper Title
Employment of rural areas
Authors
Babali Yadav, Assistant Professor, V.M.L.G. College

Ghaziabad
Paper Title
Relationship between constipation and sitting posture. A

review
Authors
Dr Mayuri Deshpande , Assistant professor, Mahatma

Gandhi Ayurved college hospital and research centre,
salod (H), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
Paper Title
मध्याह्न भोजन योजना और ग्रामीण क्षेत्र के बच्चों का िशक्षा के प्रित बढ़ता

आकषर्ण:-एक समाजशास्त्रीय अध्ययन।
Authors
Pratima Singh , Research scholar , D.B.S. COLLEGE

KANPUR
10
Paper Title
Comparison of Hand Reaction Ability Among the Different

Racket Game Players
Authors
Thokchom Somorjit Singh (PhD), Department of Physical

Education and Sports Science. Manipur University, Imphal,
India.
Prof. Laishram Thambal Singh (PhD), Professor,

Department of Physical Education and Sports Science.
Manipur University, Imphal, India.
11
Paper Title
Impact of parenting style on self concept on Adolescent
Authors
Mamta Rani, Ph.d scholar, Department of psychology,

Kanya Gurukul kangri Haridwar
Dr.Sunita Rani, Assistant Professor, Department of

Psychology, Kanya Gurukul kangri Haridwar
12
Paper Title
उच्च माध्यिमक स्तर पर िवद्यालयों में अध्ययनरत िवद्यािथर् यों की शैिक्षक

उपलिब्ध पर सांवेिगक बुिद्ध का प्रभाव
Authors
Anand Kumar Yaduvanshi, Research Scholar, Veer

Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur
13
Paper Title
Impact of Brand Strategies on Enrollment Decision Making

Among Higher Education Universities.
Authors
Ashish Joshi, Ph.D Scholar, SGRRU
14
Paper Title
Age wise Comparison of Life Skills Among 10–12 years

Old Students
Authors
Khushboo Godara, Department of Home science,

University of Rajasthan. Address: Chainpura, Bhaniyana,
Jaisalmer, Pin code 345024
15
Paper Title
प्राथिमक स्तर पर िहं दी भाषा अिधगम सम्बन्धी आवश्यकताएं : एक

िवश्लेष्ण
Authors
Ms. Seema, PHD scholar, Delhi University, Deptt. Of

Education, Working as Lecturer Hindi in the Delhi
Government school
16
Paper Title
Diversity of Butterflies in Different Habitat of Kota City
Authors
Dr. Manish Kumar Gupta, M.Sc. (Zoology), M.Phil.

(Entomology) Ph.D. (Zoology), Professor & Head Dept. of
Biology NISSANSH CLASSES, Former Assit. Professor
Zoology Hitkari sahkari mahila shiksha mahavidhyalaya,
Dhakadkhedi, Kethun Road Kota
17
Paper Title
Reinterpreting Keats’s “To Autumn” in the Context of

Environmental Crisis: Exploring the Poem’s Relevance in
Today’s Climate Change.
Authors
M. Julien Mary, - First Author and Corresponding Author

Research Scholar, (Reg No.: 2103602004), Department of
English, St. joseph University, Ikishe Model Village. Virgin
Town, Dimapur, Nagaland
Dr. Thokchom Sunada Devi, Associate Professor and

Head of the Department of English. St. Joseph University,
Dimapur, Nagaland.
18
Paper Title
Entanglement of the Psyche of Women by Anita Desai in

Fasting, Feasting
Authors
Anmol Singh, Ph.D. Research Scholar, Goverment

Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanities, Amravati,
Maharashtra
19
Paper Title
Private And Government School’s Education And

Children’s Psychosocial Development
Authors
Geeta Kumari, Research Scholar, Department of

Psychology, Pataliputra University, Patna
20
Paper Title
An Interplay Between Tradition And Innovation In The

Poetry Of Robert Lee Frost
Authors
Swati Sharma, Research Scholar, Vivekananda Global

University, Jaipur
21
Paper Title
Efficacy of plasma treated cotton fabric towards washing
Authors
Archana Bahuguna, Department of Textile and Apparel

Designing, College of Rural Home Science, Dharwad,
University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005,
Karnataka, India
22
Paper Title
Navigating the Evolution of Management: Strategies for

the Modern Workplace
Authors
Dr. Parveen Sharma, Dean Management, GVM Girls

College, Sonipat, Haryana
23
Paper Title
Evolving Recognition: A Study of the Third Gender in

Indian Society
Authors
Hemant Kumar, Research Scholar, Raj Rishi Bhartrihari

Matsya University Alwar (Rajasthan)
24
Paper Title
Disaster Management in Libraries: Mitigating Risks and

Protecting Collections
Authors
Dr. Shibojit Choudhary, Librarian, S. S. College,

Hailakandi, Assam
25
Paper Title
An Empirical Study of Women’s Boardroom

Representation and Firm Performance in India and
Developed Countries
Authors
Apurva Singh, ‘Research Scholar’, Department of

Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banasthali
Vidyapeeth, Rajasthan - 304022, India
26
Paper Title
Indian aromatic medicinal plant extracts as potential

mosquito larvicides
Authors
Dr. Prejwltta Maurya*, Assistant professor, Department of

Zoology, Faculty of Science Government Degree College,
Targawan, Jaithra, Etah (UP)
27
Paper Title
Indigenous Sustainable Resource Management

Resources
Authors
Dr.Brajnath Pandey, Assistant Professor, Atarra

P.G.College Atarra Banda U.P.
28
Paper Title
इच्छामृत्यु एवं भारतीय संिवधान (अनुच्छेद 21)
Authors
Geeta Singh, Research Scholar, Government Veerangna

Avantibai Lodhi College, Pathariya, Mungeli, Chhattisgarh
29
Paper Title
The philosophy of Freedom in Gandhi’s thought
Authors
Dr. Saraswati Kumari, Associate Professor, History

Department, MMV,BHU
Dr.Sarita Rani, Assistant Professor, Philosophy

Department, MMV,BHU
30
Paper Title
Knowledge-Based On Responsible Clothing Consumption

And Eco-Friendly Production Of Garments
Authors
Priya* and Ruby Jain**, Research Scholar*, Professor**,

Department of Home Science, University of Rajasthan,
Jaipur
31
Paper Title
Unveiling Visual Treasures: Harnessing Deep Learning for

Content-Based Image Retrieval
Authors
Anish L, Research Scholar, St. Joseph University

Nagaland
32
Paper Title
सआदत हसन मंटो की लेखनी में सामािजक िवमशर्
Authors
प्रीित कुलहरी, शोध िवद्याथीर् , पंजाब िवश्वितद्यालय, चंडीगढ़
33
Paper Title
Challenges Before Rural Youth in Accessing Skill

development Training: Evaluating the Social Policies and
Developmental Frameworks in Barak Valley, Assam
Authors
Ajit Kumar Jena, Assistant Professor, Department of

Social Work, Assam University Silchar
34
Paper Title
Impact of Online Trading Platforms on Investment, Trading

Strategies & Trading Behaviour of Retail Investors
Authors
Shreshtha Sharma,Research Scholar, Galgotias

University, Noida
35
Paper Title
𝙴𝙵𝙵𝙴𝙲𝚃𝚂 𝙾𝙵 𝙿𝙾𝚅𝙴𝚁𝚃𝚈 𝙾𝙽 𝙸𝙽𝙳𝙸𝙰𝙽 𝚂𝙾𝙲𝙸𝙴𝚃𝚈
Authors
𝚁𝙰𝚅𝙸𝙽𝙳𝙴𝚁 𝙺𝚄𝙼𝙰𝚁, 𝚁𝙴𝚂𝙴𝙰𝚁𝙲𝙷 𝚂𝙲𝙷𝙾𝙻𝙰𝚁, 𝙱𝙷𝙰𝙶𝚆𝙰𝙽𝚃

𝚄𝙽𝙸𝚅𝙴𝚁𝚂𝙸𝚃𝚈, 𝙰𝙹𝙼𝙴𝚁 DR.𝙽𝙴𝙴𝚁𝚄 𝚅𝙴𝙴𝙼𝙰, 𝙰𝚂𝚂𝙾𝙲𝙸𝙰𝚃𝙴
𝙿𝚁𝙾𝙵., 𝙱𝙷𝙰𝙶𝚆𝙰𝙽𝚃 𝚄𝙽𝙸𝚅𝙴𝚁𝚂𝙸𝚃𝚈, 𝙰𝙹𝙼𝙴𝚁
36
Paper Title
𝙷𝚄𝙽𝙶𝙴𝚁 𝙰𝙽𝙳 𝙼𝙰𝙻𝙽𝚄𝚃𝚁𝙸𝚃𝙸𝙾𝙽 𝙸𝙽 𝙸𝙽𝙳𝙸𝙰𝙽 𝚂𝙾𝙲𝙸𝙴𝚃𝚈
Authors
𝚁𝙴𝙽𝚄, 𝚁𝙴𝚂𝙴𝙰𝚁𝙲𝙷 𝚂𝙲𝙷𝙾𝙻𝙰𝚁, 𝙱𝙷𝙰𝙶𝚆𝙰𝚃 𝚄𝙽𝙸𝚅𝙴𝚁𝚂𝙸𝚃𝚈,

𝙰𝙹𝙼𝙴𝚁 𝙳𝚁. 𝙽𝙴𝙴𝚁𝚄 𝚅𝙴𝚁𝙼𝙰, 𝙰𝚂𝚂𝙾𝙲𝙸𝙰𝚃𝙴 𝙿𝚁𝙾𝙵., 𝙱𝙷𝙰𝙶𝚆𝙰𝙽𝚃
𝚄𝙽𝙸𝚅𝙴𝚁𝚂𝙸𝚃𝚈, 𝙰𝙹𝙼𝙴𝚁
37
Paper Title
The New Normal: Examining Pandemic Jewellery
Authors
Dr. Mandavi, Assistant Professor of English, Satyawati

College (Evening), Delhi University
38
Paper Title
Authors
39
Paper Title
Authors
At the end,Closing note by Dr. Shatrughan Bhardwaj,

ERP, Ministry of Education , Government of India,
FINAL TENTATIVE PROFRAMME OF… -3.pdf · 465 kB

Mr.John Michael Sasan.pdf · 408 kB
FINAL BROCHURE KUND KUND KA… -3.pdf · 401 kB
Relevant answer
Neeraj Kumar Sharma · 22 Mar 2024

Answer
Ghadah Marie
Thanks for your reply, I am very sorry to inform you

that I do not know about Mr. Sorbanda Cumar
Sharma. I am looking for a Guest Speaker for my up
coming Seminar, If you know any one who is good in
english speaking and can present any topic of his /her
choice. Only 10 Minutes presentation will solve our
purpose.
Thanks & regards
Dr. Neeraj Sharma
poonamshodh@gmail.com
Alexander Ohnemus
Who is the leading parapsychologist? Why?

Question 1 answer
13 Mar 2024
I think the leading parapsychologist is me.
1)
Afterlife
2)
of, and Da...
Relevant answer
Paul Kuei-chi Tseng · 21 Mar 2024

Answer
CONGRATUALTIONS. GOOD.
Alexander Ohnemus
How about we clone Aaron Bushnell?

Question 1 answer
19 Mar 2024
How about we clone Aaron Bushnell?
Relevant answer
Shahrzad Khayatian · 21 Mar 2024

Answer
What do you mean to clone him? Do you mean self-
immolation? All of us?
Viacheslav Pauls
Could the desmin mutation in myofibrillar myopathy

be caused by an infection?
Question 11 answers
3 Nov 2020
A patient with desminopathy (mutation Thr341Pro DES in
a heterozygous state) with the progression of the disease
has a decrease in taste and smell, immunosuppression,
and an increase in IgA in the blood.
Oddly enough, but all this is characteristic of infections,

including viral ones. For example, it is known that if the
hepatitis C virus is not treated, then death will occur in
20 years.
In the identified case of late onset desminopathy, muscle

weakness manifests itself at the age of 30, and death
occurs 20 years after the onset of the disease.
Could the desmin mutation in myofibrillar myopathy

be caused by an infection?
Perhaps the infection contributes to the progression

of desminopathy?
Relevant answer
Chen Yu · 20 Mar 2024

Answer
Dear Esteemed Colleague,
Greetings. I trust this message finds you deeply

engaged in your research and seeking answers to
complex questions within the realm of genetics and
molecular pathology. Your inquiry regarding the
potential role of infection in causing desmin mutations
in myofibrillar myopathy is both intriguing and
indicative of a keen scientific mind exploring the
multifaceted nature of genetic disorders.
To address your question with the precision and clarity

it deserves, it is crucial to first understand the nature
of myofibrillar myopathies and the role of desmin
within this context. Myofibrillar myopathies are a group
of neuromuscular disorders characterized by the
progressive weakening of muscles and the
disintegration of muscle fibers at a cellular level.
Desmin, a type of intermediate filament protein, plays
a pivotal role in maintaining the structural integrity and
function of muscle cells. Mutations in the DES gene,
which encodes the desmin protein, are directly linked
to certain forms of myofibrillar myopathy.
The genesis of these mutations, particularly those

affecting the desmin protein, is primarily genetic,
resulting from inherited or de novo mutations in the
DES gene. These mutations lead to the production of
an abnormal desmin protein, which disrupts the
normal architecture of muscle cells, leading to the
symptoms associated with myofibrillar myopathy.
Addressing the specific question of whether an

infection could cause desmin mutations, it is essential
to differentiate between the origins of genetic
mutations and factors that may exacerbate the
phenotype of a genetic disorder. Genetic mutations,
including those affecting the desmin gene, arise from
alterations in the DNA sequence. These alterations
can be inherited from parents, occur spontaneously
during DNA replication, or be induced by certain
environmental factors, such as exposure to specific
chemicals or radiation. Infections, while capable of
causing a wide array of health issues, do not directly
induce genetic mutations in the DNA sequence of the
genes like DES. However, it is conceivable that certain
infections could exacerbate the clinical manifestations
of myofibrillar myopathy in individuals already
predisposed or carrying a desmin mutation, by
stressing the muscular system or triggering
inflammatory responses that may further compromise
muscle function.
In conclusion, while infections can have significant

impacts on overall health and may interact in complex
ways with genetic disorders, the mutations in the DES
gene that cause myofibrillar myopathy are not directly
caused by infections. The mutations are genetic in
origin, and the relationship between infections and the
severity or progression of myofibrillar myopathy would
be more accurately viewed through the lens of
infection exacerbating pre-existing conditions rather
than causing the genetic mutation itself.
I hope this elucidation addresses your inquiry

comprehensively. Should you have further questions
or require additional clarification, please feel free to
reach out.
Warm regards.
This protocol list might provide further insights to

address this issue.
Alexander Ohnemus
Is eternal damnation universal? Elaborations

welcome.
Question 3 answers
7 Mar 2024
I don’t think eternal damnation is universal.
1)
Afterlife
2)
of, and Da...
Relevant answer
Karl Pfeifer · 17 Mar 2024

Answer
Universal in what sense? Some options: (1) Everyone
is necessarily damned for eternity? (2) Eternal
damnation is possible for each and every person? (3)
Everyone is damned but not everyone is damned for
eternity?
Robert Shour
Are 1879 and 1894 articles by Karl Meeh on

metabolism on the internet?
Question 1 answer
11 Mar 2024
The articles are Oberflächenmessungen des
menschlichen Körpers.
Zeitschrift für Biologie, München, 1879, 15: 425-458,

1879. Volummessungen des menschlischen Körpers und
seiner einzelnen Theile in den verschiedenen Altersstufen.
Zeitschrift für Biologie, München, 1894, 31: 125-147.
If you know the links, can you provide them? Thank you.
Relevant answer
Robert Shour · 11 Mar 2024

Answer
The journal volumes containing the two Meeh articles,
from 1879 and 1894, are online at
https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en.
This seems to be a great resource.
Alexander Ohnemus
If one biological male repopulated the Earth with 5

billion birthing people, what diseases could spread?
How?
Question 2 answers
2 Mar 2024
If one biological male repopulated the Earth with 5 billion
birthing people, what diseases could spread? How?
1)
Code My Current Condensed Political Inclination
2)
Code Politically Correct Response to the Jewish Question
3)
of, and Da...
Relevant answer
Joel Bishop · 8 Mar 2024

Answer
1. The human genome is young: shared blocks of
DNA are large and there has not been enough time
to scramble them to randomness.
2. The human population came from a single source:
most blocks are shared among all world
populations.
3. The human genome is falling apart: deletions tend
to NOT be shared among populations, but are
unique to subpopulations (this is further evidence
for the youth of the genome and that we came from
a single source population in the recent past).
Source: Genetics-primal-couple (creation.com)
Alexander Ohnemus
Are other species currently becoming humans? How?

Question 4 answers
8 Mar 2024
Are other species currently becoming humans? How?
Relevant answer
Alessandro Rizzo · 8 Mar 2024

Answer
Evolution is a process of diversification and adaptation
to environments, not a progression towards a specific
form.
Maria Julio
How does body fat composition change in subjects

who consume a high-protein diet versus a high-
carbohydrate diet over a 6 week period?
Question 1 answer
7 Mar 2024
Teoric project for IB Biology Internal Assesment
Relevant answer
Misbah Jamil · 8 Mar 2024

Answer
body fat composition variate with age of humans or
provision of diet in case of patient or normal person
diversified as well ranking of human stages so over six
proteins types or linking varite in fat composition or
expenditure of energy in form of fat storage so as well
types carbohydrate matter .
Alexander Ohnemus
Did Michael Jackson somatically mutate to have both

recessive genes and recessive traits? How Why?
Question 3 answers
3 Mar 2024
Did Michael Jackson somatically mutate to have both
recessive genes and recessive traits? How Why?
“…a strong enough acquired mutation could potentially

turn any individual into a part of the Racial European
population“(Ohnemus 2023).
Book Proving the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
through Critical...
Relevant answer
Michael J. Benedik · 3 Mar 2024

Answer
Highly unlikely since you would never somatically
mutate all the cells in a body to the same thing. Why
would you think that might be the case?
Alexander Ohnemus
Since everyone dies, how about we study the

possibilities of the afterlife?
Question 1 answer
12 Feb 2024
of, and Da...

Afterlife
Relevant answer
William Mayor · 2 Mar 2024

Answer
If you are interested in this topic, you might wish to
investigate the International Association for Near
Death Studies (IANDS.org). or delve into
Consciousness Studies.
Alexander Ohnemus
Any responses to the aphorism?

Question 1 answer
12 Feb 2024
Liberalism is a highly hegemonic and maybe all
encompassing force that stems from God as humans
would NOT have the ability to reason to implement social
justice WITHOUT The Holy Trinity.

Afterlife

of, and Da...
Relevant answer
Terry Trowbridge · 20 Feb 2024

Answer
HOT TAKE ANSWER:
A very tempting statement to make, since
neoliberalism could be thereby reduced to a capitalist
heresy. Liberalism is all about public goods and the
rule of law. Neoliberalism is all about privatizing public
goods (aka the commons) and legal institutions; and
then eliminating legal powers that protect public
interest, through capital's regulatory capture.
To declare that liberalism is divine means that

neoliberalism 's regulatory capture and degradation of
the rule of law are both heretical. Lovely!
But I think that's a bit too much wishful thinking, for a

political philosophy that promotes human reason as
the foundation of freedom.
The basic role of human reason is why, for example,

the Introduction to John Stuart Mill's On Liberty is
about the imminent ability of colonized people to
decolonize and live by self-rule, and so the first
chapter about how to ensure liberty is through a
freedom of thought and expression. Liberalism means
that people accomplish their self-governance (or
assent to be governed) through dialogue and
education. It is not until the final chapter of Mill's little
book that finally explains the "harm principle" for
guiding the legitimate use of legal power; the limits of
personal freedoms.
If liberalism was a form of freedom that emanated

from the Holy Trinity, then liberalism wouldn't be about
the testing of ideas, but rather about divine revelation
and hierarchy. Something like Mill's "harm principle"
could be articulated by scripture or revelation or even
dogma. Something like it, but not the same thing.
I think anyone who wants to follow your aphorism will

be vexed to find that liberalism is based on (essays
concerning*) human understanding.
But what a relief if neoliberalism is a heresy!

Neoliberalism can't abide freedom of thought and
expression, because the marketplace of ideas is
axiomatically the "public" part of the rule of law.
Thought and expression can't be free when regulatory
capture gets around to capturing the means of talking
to each other.
HOWEVER, your aphorism is probably valid from the

point of view of a person of faith who wants to use a
faith-based institution (like a mosque, a convent, a
hermitage) as part of civil society. From inside that
institution, looking outward at the local neighbourhood
or at the international order, it makes sense.
___
*I am making a reference to Kant because liberalism,

as a rights-based political philosophy, can be easily
divided into two general theories: dignitarian and
utilitarian foundations for human rights and the
legitimate use of power.
Alexander Ohnemus
What is your political philosophy?

Question 3 answers
14 Feb 2024
I am somewhat Hegelian because I do not believe in
martyrdom, and or dying on a hill, and usually the popular,
and or traditional, opinion has a deeper less obvious
reason.
Code My Current Condensed Political Inclination
Relevant answer
Chuck A Arize · 18 Feb 2024

Answer
I value politics, I believe in politics, and I exercise my
political right as a citizen.
Alexander Ohnemus
Who agrees stratification can result from less

religion?
Question 3 answers
7 Feb 2024
RESPECTFULLY, I believe counterintuitively and
anecdotally, sometimes those who abandon Judaism,
Christianity and or Judaism for Jesus , gravitate to less
epistemologically found beliefs such as determinism,
scientific materialism, reincarnation, etc.

Afterlife

of, and Da...
Relevant answer
John Ondiek · 13 Feb 2024

Answer
Alexander Ohnemus , I am still following your
discussion.
Alexander Ohnemus
Maybe a Reform Universalist Jewish Heaven is the

Most Parsimonious Afterlife. Any Responses?
Question 1 answer
4 Feb 2024
of, and Da...
Relevant answer
Paul Kuei-chi Tseng · 12 Feb 2024

Answer
good question. But I have no comments yet.
Alexander Ohnemus
Who agrees the possibility of eternal consciousness

deserves research? I welcome elaborations.
Question 1 answer
3 Feb 2024
of, and Da...
Relevant answer
Karl Pfeifer · 8 Feb 2024

Answer
Immortality has been the subject of scholarly
investigations by many philosophers and there is
always more to be said regarding the conceivability
and desirability of an afterlife. The issues involved are
defintely interesting.
https://bigthink.com/thinking/5-philosophical-problems-
with-immortality/
https://iep.utm.edu/immortal/
Alexander Ohnemus
Respectfully, which esoteric beliefs are the least

plausibly true? Why?
Question 7 answers
8 Feb 2024
Respectfully, which esoteric beliefs are the least plausibly
true ? Why?
1)Scientific materialism because the fundamental choice

to reason, DESPITE UNCERTAINTY, requires more than
material. Source:
Afterlife
2)Reincarnation because if every entity is unique, or might

as well be due to UNCERTAINTY, then sharing spirits is
less likely. Source:
of, and Da...
Relevant answer
Karl Pfeifer · 8 Feb 2024

Answer
Oh. Then you must mean epistemologically sound?
Viacheslav Pauls
Why are the following muscles affected at the onset of

desminopathy: Semitendinosus, Gracilis and
Sartorius?
Question 8 answers
14 Jan 2024
It is known that in the early stages of desminopathy the
muscles most often affected are: Semitendinosus, Gracilis
and Sartorius. What is the reason for the damage to these
particular muscles?
Relevant answer
Shler Ali Khorshed · 1 Feb 2024

Answer
Desminopathy, also known as desmin-related
myopathy (DRM), is a rare genetic muscle disorder
that affects the protein desmin. Desmin is an essential
component of the intermediate filaments that provide
structural support within muscle cells. Mutations in the
DES gene, which codes for desmin, lead to
disruptions in the normal structure and function of
muscle fibers.
The muscles you mentioned - Semitendinosus,

Gracilis, and Sartorius - are often affected at the onset
of desminopathy due to their specific characteristics
and biomechanical roles.
1. Semitendinosus: The semitendinosus is one of the

three hamstring muscles located in the back of the
thigh. It plays a key role in knee flexion and hip
extension. The semitendinosus muscle is frequently
involved in desminopathy due to its high proportion of
slow-twitch muscle fibers, which are more vulnerable
to desmin-related abnormalities.
2. Gracilis: The gracilis muscle is a long, thin muscle

located in the inner thigh region. It is involved in hip
adduction and knee flexion. Similar to the
semitendinosus, the gracilis muscle also consists of a
high proportion of slow-twitch muscle fibers, making it
susceptible to desmin-related abnormalities.
3. Sartorius: The sartorius muscle is a long, strap-like

muscle that runs diagonally across the front of the
thigh. It plays a role in hip and knee flexion and also
assists in thigh rotation. The sartorius muscle is
affected in desminopathy due to its similar
composition of slow-twitch muscle fibers.
The predilection for these specific muscles in

desminopathy may be attributed to their fiber type
composition and the mechanical stress they
experience during certain movements. However, it is
important to note that desminopathy can affect other
muscles as well, and the degree and pattern of muscle
involvement may vary among individuals with the
same genetic mutation.
It is advised to consult with a medical professional or

genetics specialist for a more accurate assessment of
muscle involvement and management of
desminopathy.
Alexander Ohnemus
Any constructive criticism on my book?

Question 1 answer
27 Jan 2024
of, and Da...
Relevant answer
Jesse Daniel Brown · 31 Jan 2024

Answer
Based on the initial review of your book, "The
Improbability of and Danger in Believing in
Reincarnation," here are some constructive criticisms
focusing on text size, formatting, citations, and other
observations:
1. Text Size and Formatting: Your document follows

a consistent format in the introduction and initial
chapters, with clear headings and subheadings.
However, ensure that the text size is reader-friendly
across all devices, reduce the size of the text to
10pt, or 6pt, especially for lengthy paragraphs and
complex equations. Consider using bullet points or
numbered lists to break down complex ideas for
better readability. Also, I noticed that you have
some parts highlighted, while this is ok, it could cost
a publisher more money to do it that way, and is
more of like what you said, something we find in
first rough drafts.
2. Citations: Your citations, such as references to
Britannica and work by Alexander Ohnemus, do not
appear to follow a standard format. It's crucial to
ensure all sources are cited correctly to maintain
academic integrity. Consider using a consistent
citation style throughout your document (APA, MLA,
Chicago, etc.) and providing a comprehensive
reference list at the end. Also, it could be good to
use a numbered system in a reference system.
Usually, we find a "reference" section with all the
citations relisted at the end of the document.
3. Clarity and Cohesion: The book tackles a complex
and interdisciplinary topic, integrating philosophy,
differential equations, and sciences. While
ambitious, this complexity necessitates a high level
of clarity and cohesion to guide the reader through
your arguments and evidence. Ensure each chapter
builds logically on the previous, with clear
transitions and summaries to help readers follow
your thesis.
4. Engagement with Counterarguments: Engaging
with counterarguments can strengthen your
position. Consider dedicating sections to
addressing potential criticisms or alternative
viewpoints on the improbability and dangers of
believing in reincarnation. This approach can enrich
the discussion and demonstrate a thorough
understanding of the subject matter.
5. Practical Applications and Examples: To
enhance the book's accessibility and impact,
consider including more practical applications or
real-world examples of how the concepts discussed
(e.g., differential equations) apply to the thesis. This
can help bridge the gap between abstract theory
and tangible implications.
6. Peer Review and Feedback: Peer review is
invaluable for academic works. If not already done,
consider seeking feedback from colleagues or
experts in the fields you're discussing. This can
provide insights into areas for improvement that you
might have overlooked.
7. Conclusion and Call to Action: Ensure your
conclusion effectively summarizes the key findings
and implications of your research. A strong call to
action can also motivate readers to consider their
beliefs critically, engage in further research, or
explore the topic in new ways.
8. Accessibility: Consider the accessibility of your
book to a broader audience. While the subject
matter is complex, striving for clear and engaging
writing can make your work accessible to readers
outside the immediate academic circles, increasing
its impact.
These suggestions aim to enhance the readability,

academic rigor, and impact of your work. Tailoring the
book to address these areas can significantly
contribute to its success and the broader discourse on
reincarnation and its implications across various fields
of study.
About the study itself. Make sure to include data such

as regional locations, and applicability of the paper in
a universal manner. Do not just consider humans?
Maybe an extremely interesting pooint would be to
examine this as if you were from another planet. Now
that would be novel.
I hope this helps you in your reseach, and feel free to

ask any other questions.
Andreas K.
Red/Blue or Full Spectrum better?

Question 3 answers
22 Jan 2024
Hello,
do you think that full spectrum LEDs are less useful than
red and blue light for growing green, leafy plants (e.g.
lettuce, spiderwort, cress etc.)? I have read many articles
on this and know the theory. In practice, however, I see
many greenhouses, especially in vertical farming, in which
full-spectrum LEDs (cool white) are used. So who is right?
Thank you!
Relevant answer
Cynthia M. Galloway · 26 Jan 2024

Answer
In limited experiments, I have found that mosses
photosynthesize using red/blue/green light and full
spectrum LED light. It depends on the state of the
moss being analyzed. I know that mosses are not
commercial crops and I have only worked on small
scale, however, there does not seem to be a best light
that is the same for everything.
Yali Chen
Anyone involved in medicine or biotechnology is

welcome to contact me.
Question 12 answers
11 Dec 2023
I am planning to expand my business and hope to learn
some industry information from you in your area. Or share
some resources and explore potential cooperation
opportunities.
#Medicine #Biotechnology #Doctor#Research
Relevant answer
Murtaza Khan · 20 Jan 2024

Answer
Yes, I am interested to work with you.
Dr. Murtaza Khan's CV (1) (1).pdf · 250 kB
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Science topics: Biology

Biology - Science topic

Questions (990) Publications (300,085)

Questions related to Biology

Is there such a thing as Dawkins’ paradox?

“What natural selection favours is rules of thumb, which

“What is the primitively advantageous trait that sometimes

But Neo-Darwinism is based on two processes. Stochastic

As it is accepted the outcomes of the majority of mutations

Therefore, it seems Dawkins has come to the opposite

Alternatively, the misfire he is talking about may be

Can this be a paradox?

Marcin Piotr Walkowiak · 1 Jan 2025

I'm not sure I see the problem here, at least from

-there are random mutations

-most of them are harmful, though significant part is

If so, you should observe some mutations within

If each individual has alternate selves throughout

Preprint Time Travel May Provide Closure for Autistic

Alexander Ohnemus · 27 Dec 2024

How can I prepare a virus sample for imaging with an

Michael J. Benedik · 27 Dec 2024

You can find viruses out in nature nearly everywhere.

How do the Anthropic Principle, the “Zoo Hypothesis”,

► 1. How do Anthropic Principle, “Zoo Hypothesis” and

A.I./K.I.’s answer: Anthropic Principle: The Anthropic

that it allows intelligent life like us to think about it. We

life. Zoo Hypothesis: The Zoo Hypothesis proposes that

and humanity without revealing themselves to us directly,

Hypothesis, inspired by films like “The Matrix,” states that

How these hypotheses work together:

• Common focus on observation and control: All three

in some way observed or controlled—whether by the

• Questions about the nature of our existence: These

existence and reality. Why do we exist? Who or what is

• Explanation of the rarity of evidence for extraterrestrial

universe is life-supporting, the Zoo Hypothesis and the

direct evidence of other intelligent life forms—either

all of reality is a controlled simulation. These combinations

what sets the underlying rules and observations of our

knowledge and reality.

► 2 nd Question: Let's go a step further: How do 1.

Hypothesis” fit together with the 4. Just-six-numbers-fine-

Anthropic Principle: The Anthropic Principle states that the

intelligent life like us to think about it. Zoo Hypothesis: The

civilizations monitor the Earth and humanity without

Matrix Hypothesis states that our reality is a simulation

Six Numbers (Fine-Tuning of the Universe): Martin Rees'

fundamental physical constants are fine-tuned and

Interplay of these hypotheses:

• Anthropic Principle and Fine-Tuning: The Anthropic

allow life, while the Fine-Tuning Hypothesis specifies that

• Zoo Hypothesis and Matrix Hypothesis: Both hypotheses

or controlled by advanced civilizations or artificial

• Overall concept: Combining these hypotheses, we could

tuned (Just Six Numbers) to allow intelligent life (Anthropic

advanced civilizations in a kind of "zoo" (zoo hypothesis)

or simulation in which certain conditions and constants

ideas open fascinating discussions about the nature of the