Notes of 29-11-2024
Notes of 29-11-2024
A machine capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically, especially one
programmable by a computer.
Invention of Robots:
The word robot was first used by a writer named Karel Capek in 1920. It comes from a word meaning
“work” or “labor”. The first robotic arm was made by George Devol in 1959.
Applications of Robots:
Types of Robots:
1. Industrial
2. Service
3. Medical
4. Educational
Electronics:
What is Electronics:
Capacitor:
A capacitor is a small electronic component that stores and releases electrical energy in a circuit.
Resistor:
A resistor is a tiny electronic component that limits or controls the flow of electrical current in a
circuit.
Node MCU:
Node MCU is a development board that incorporates the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, making it ideal for
IoT applications. It provides an easy to use platform for both, beginners, and experienced developers
to create Internet of Things devices.
Remember:
1. GND Pins
2. Power Pins
3. Digital Pins
4. Analog Pins
There are 9 digital pins and there is one analog pin. GND pins are used for negative power supply.
IR Sensor:
An Infrared Proximity Sensor or IR Sensor is an electronic device that emits infrared lights to sense
some aspect of the surroundings and can be employed to detect the motion of an object.
Types of IR Sensors:
1. Active IR Sensor: Emits and detects IR Radiation. Examples – Remote Controls, IR
Thermometers
2. Passive IR Sensor: Only detects IR Radiation. Examples- Motion Detectors, Night Vision
Devices.
Applications of IR Sensors:
Ultrasonic Sensor:
Speed and Distance of Ultrasonic Waves
Speed of Sound: The Speed of Sound refers to how quickly sound waves propagate through a
medium such as Air, Water, or Solids.
Distance: Distance is a measure of how far apart two points are. The distance sound travels is directly
related to its speed and the time it has been travelling.
An Ultrasonic Sensor is a device that uses Ultrasonic Sound Waves to detect the presence of
an object and measure the distance to it.
The sensor emits high frequency sound waves, which reflect off the target object and return
to the sensor.
The time it takes for the echo to return is used to calculate the distance to the object.
Proximity Sensors: Used to detect the presence of objects within a certain range.
Distance Measuring Sensors: Used to measure the exact distance of an object.
Proximity Sensors are devices that detect the presence or absence of an object within a certain
range without any physical contact.
GND: Ground
DHT Sensor:
DHT Sensors like DHT11 and DHT22 measure temperature and humidity. They provide digital
output, making them easy to interface with microcontrollers. Their accuracy and reliability
make them ideal for environmental monitoring applications.
Integrating DHT Sensors with NodeMCU can lead to various applications such as smart home
systems, weather stations, and agriculture monitoring. These applications enhance our
ability to monitor environmental conditions effectively.
The DHT Sensor series includes models like DHT11 and DHT22 which are used for measuring
temperature and humidity. They provide digital output, making them easy to interface with
microcontrollers like NodeMCU. Knowing their specifications is crucial for accurate readings.
Data structure:
String
Loop () – Repeat
For loop – () – (i)i<100>11, i++);
While loop()-