1. What symbol is used for string concatenation in Java?

- a) &
- b) +
- c) *
- d) $

2. Which escape sequence is used to insert a newline?

- a) \t
- b) \n
3. What type of data does the `boolean` primitive store in Java?
- a) Character values
- b) Integer values
- c) True/false values
- d) String values

4. Which method is used to print without moving to a new line?

- a) println
- b) print
- c) printf
- d) display

5. What is the output of the following code snippet?

```java
System.out.println("X: " + 25);
```
- a) X:
- b) X: 25
- c) X: + 25
- d) Error

6. What happens when you divide two integers in Java?

 - a) Returns a floating-point result
- b) Returns an integer result
- c) Compilation error
- d) Returns a rounded integer result

7. Which operator has the highest precedence in Java?

- a) +
- b) *
- c) =
- d) ()

8. What does the `%` operator in Java return?

- a) The quotient
- b) The remainder
- c) The sum
- d) The product

9. What will be the output of the following?

```java
System.out.println("Roses are red,\nViolets are blue");
```
- a) Roses are red, Violets are blue
- b) Roses are red,\nViolets are blue
- c) Roses are red,
Violets are blue
- d) None of the above

10. Which of the following is not a primitive data type in Java?

- a) int
 - b) double
- c) boolean
- d) String

11. Which method can be used to find the length of a string?

- a) length()
- b) size()
- c) getLength()
- d) len()

12. What does the `Random` class belong to?

- a) java.lang
- b) java.util
- c) java.math
- d) java.text

13. How is an object created in Java?

- a) Using the new keyword
- b) Direct assignment
- c) Using a constructor
- d) Both a and c

14. What is returned by `Math.sqrt(16)`?

- a) 2
- b) 4
- c) 8
- d) 16

15. Which of these is not a valid wrapper class in Java?

- a) Integer
- b) Double
 - c) Character
- d) String

16. What is the purpose of the `toString` method in Java?

- a) To concatenate strings
- b) To convert an object to a string representation
- c) To create a new string object
- d) To compare strings

17. Enumerated types in Java are:

- a) A list of constant values
- b) A type of class
- c) Immutable
- d) All of the above

18. What does `System.out.println()` return?

- a) The printed text
- b) Void
- c) An integer
- d) None of the above

19. What is the range of values for `Random.nextInt(50)`?

- a) 0 to 50
- b) 1 to 50
- c) 0 to 49
- d) -50 to 50

20. What is the output of the following?

```java
String s = "Java";
System.out.println(s.toUpperCase());
 ```
- a) java
- b) JAVA
- c) Error
- d) null

21. What is encapsulation in Java?

- a) Bundling of data and methods
- b) Hiding implementation details
- c) Both a and b
- d) None of the above

22. What is the purpose of a constructor?

- a) To initialize objects
- b) To destroy objects
- c) To modify objects
- d) None of the above

23. Which keyword is used to declare a constant in Java?

- a) static
- b) final
- c) const
- d) constant

24. What is an instance variable in Java?

- a) A variable defined inside a method
- b) A variable defined at the class level
- c) A global variable
- d) None of the above
25. How is memory allocated for instance variables?
- a) During class loading
- b) When an object is created
- c) During method execution
- d) None of the above

26. What does the `this` keyword in Java refer to?

- a) The current object instance
- b) The superclass of the object
- c) A static reference
- d) None of the above

27. Which method is automatically invoked when an object is created?

- a) Main method
- b) Constructor
- c) toString
- d) finalize

28. What is the primary purpose of accessor methods?

- a) To modify instance variables
- b) To retrieve instance variables
- c) To initialize instance variables
- d) None of the above

29. In Java, encapsulation is primarily achieved using:

- a) Interfaces
- b) Inheritance
- c) Access modifiers
- d) Annotations
30. Which of the following is true about mutator methods?
- a) They must always return a value
- b) They modify the state of an object
- c) They cannot be private
- d) They are only used for constants

31. How many constructors can a Java class have?

- a) One
- b) Two
- c) As many as required
- d) None

32. What does the `super` keyword allow in a constructor?

- a) To invoke a method of the current class
- b) To invoke a superclass constructor
- c) To reference a static method
- d) None of the above

33. Which class method in Java cannot be overridden?

- a) Private methods
- b) Static methods
- c) Final methods
- d) All of the above

34. What is the return type of a constructor in Java?

- a) void
- b) The class name
- c) None
- d) int

35. What is the default value of an uninitialized object reference?

 - a) null
- b) 0
- c) undefined
- d) None

36. What is the purpose of the `toString` method?

- a) Modify an object
- b) Return a string representation of an object
- c) Compare objects
- d) None of the above

37. What is polymorphism in Java?

- a) Ability of a method to perform different tasks based on the object calling it
- b) Inheriting methods from a superclass
- c) Overriding static methods
- d) None of the above

38. Which of the following is true for method overloading?

- a) Methods must have the same return type
- b) Methods must have different parameter lists
- c) Methods must be in different classes
- d) Methods must be abstract

39. What is the use of the `final` keyword with a method?

- a) It prevents the method from being called
- b) It prevents the method from being overridden
- c) It makes the method abstract
- d) It makes the method static

40. In Java, which access modifier makes a member accessible only within the
same package?
 - a) private
- b) public
- c) protected
- d) default

41. Which of the following allows an object to be self-governing?

- a) Polymorphism
- b) Encapsulation
- c) Inheritance
- d) None of the above

42. When is the `finalize()` method called?

- a) When the garbage collector destroys an object
- b) When a program ends
- c) When a thread starts
- d) None of the above

43. What is a constructor that takes no arguments called?

- a) Default constructor
- b) Overloaded constructor
- c) Parameterized constructor
- d) None of the above

44. What does the `static` keyword imply when applied to a method?
- a) The method belongs to an object
- b) The method belongs to the class
- c) The method cannot be overridden
- d) The method is private

45. What is inheritance in Java?

 - a) Reusing methods within the same class
- b) Creating new classes from existing classes
- c) Hiding data members of a class
- d) None of the above

46. Which keyword is used to inherit a class in Java?

- a) implements
- b) extends
- c) inherits
- d) super

47. What is the base class in inheritance often called?

- a) Subclass
- b) Child class
- c) Superclass
- d) Derived class

48. Can constructors be inherited in Java?

- a) Yes
- b) No

49. Which method is used to call a superclass’s constructor?

- a) super()
- b) this()
- c) base()
- d) None of the above

50. What type of inheritance is not supported by Java?

- a) Single
- b) Multiple
 - c) Multilevel
- d) Hierarchical

51. Which keyword is used to prevent a class from being inherited?

- a) abstract
- b) static
- c) final
- d) sealed

52. What is method overriding in Java?

- a) Redefining a method in the child class with the same name and parameters
as in the parent class
- b) Using multiple methods with the same name but different parameters
- c) Making methods private
- d) None of the above

53. What is an interface in Java?

- a) A class with abstract methods
- b) A collection of abstract methods
- c) A class that cannot be instantiated
- d) None of the above

54. Which keyword is used to implement an interface?

- a) extends
- b) inherits
- c) implements
- d) interface

55. Can an interface extend another interface?

- a) Yes
- b) No
56. Which of these statements is true for abstract classes?
- a) They cannot have constructors
- b) They can contain both concrete and abstract methods
- c) They must implement all methods from interfaces
- d) None of the above

57. Can an abstract class be instantiated?

- a) Yes
- b) No

58. What happens if a class implements an interface but does not provide
implementations for all methods?
- a) It throws a runtime error
- b) The class must be declared abstract
- c) It compiles successfully
- d) None of the above

59. What is the purpose of the `default` keyword in interfaces?

- a) To allow concrete methods in interfaces
- b) To make methods private
- c) To provide a default constructor
- d) None of the above

60. What is a wrapper class in Java?

- a) A class that wraps another object
- b) A class that converts primitives into objects
- c) A class that hides implementation details
- d) None of the above
61. Which keyword is used to declare a constant in an interface?
- a) static
- b) final
- c) abstract
- d) None of the above

62. Can an interface contain instance variables?

- a) Yes
- b) No

63. Which of these is true for methods declared in an interface?

- a) They must be static
- b) They must be public and abstract
- c) They must be private
- d) None of the above

64. What is the difference between abstract classes and interfaces?

- a) Abstract classes can have instance variables, interfaces cannot
- b) Interfaces support multiple inheritance; abstract classes do not
- c) Both a and b
- d) None of the above

65. What is an exception in Java?

- a) A compilation error
- b) An event that disrupts program execution
- c) A logical error
- d) None of the above
66. Which keyword is used to handle exceptions in Java?
- a) catch
- b) try
- c) throw
- d) finally

67. What happens when an exception is not caught in Java?

- a) The program terminates
- b) The exception is ignored
- c) The program continues to execute
- d) None of the above

68. Which keyword is used to manually throw an exception?

- a) throw
- b) throws
- c) new
- d) None of the above

69. Which block of code is always executed, regardless of whether an exception

occurs?
- a) try
- b) catch
- c) finally
- d) None of the above

70. What is a checked exception in Java?

- a) An exception that is ignored during compilation
- b) An exception that must be handled or declared in the method signature
- c) An exception related to runtime errors
- d) None of the above
71. Which of these is not a runtime exception?
- a) NullPointerException
- b) ArithmeticException
- c) IOException
- d) IndexOutOfBoundsException

72. What is the purpose of generics in Java?

- a) To improve runtime performance
- b) To allow type safety at compile time
- c) To allow multiple inheritance
- d) None of the above

73. Which of these is a valid declaration of a generic class?

- a) class MyClass<T>
- b) class MyClass<generic>
- c) class MyClass[T]
- d) None of the above

74. What does the `ArrayList` class implement?

- a) List
- b) Set
- c) Queue
- d) Map

75. Which method is used to add an element to an ArrayList?

- a) insert()
- b) append()
- c) add()
- d) put()

76. What is the default initial capacity of an ArrayList?

 - a) 5
- b) 10
- c) 15
- d) 20

77. What is the difference between HashSet and TreeSet?

- a) HashSet is unordered, TreeSet maintains order
- b) TreeSet is faster than HashSet
- c) HashSet allows duplicates, TreeSet does not
- d) None of the above

78. Which interface does HashMap implement?

- a) Set
- b) Map
- c) List
- d) Collection

79. Can a HashMap have duplicate keys?

- a) Yes
- b) No

**Chapter 9: Threads and Concurrency**

80. What is a thread in Java?

- a) A lightweight process
- b) A program
- c) A type of data structure
- d) None of the above

81. Which method is used to start a thread?

- a) run()
 - b) start()
- c) execute()
- d) None of the above

82. What does the `synchronized` keyword do?

- a) Makes a method thread-safe
- b) Increases thread priority
- c) Stops a thread
- d) None of the above

83. What is the state of a thread when it is executing?

- a) Waiting
- b) Running
- c) Blocked
- d) Terminated

84. Which method is used to put a thread to sleep?

- a) wait()
- b) sleep()
- c) pause()
- d) None of the above

85. Can multiple threads access the same synchronized method?

- a) Yes
- b) No

**Chapter 10: File I/O and Streams**

86. What is a stream in Java?

- a) A sequence of data
- b) A class for handling threads
 - c) A type of collection
- d) None of the above

87. Which class is used for reading text from a file in Java?
- a) FileReader
- b) FileInputStream
- c) BufferedReader
- d) Scanner

88. What does the `File` class in Java represent?

- a) A file or directory path
- b) An open file
- c) A file stream
- d) None of the above

89. Which method is used to check if a file exists?

- a) exists()
- b) isFile()
- c) isPresent()
- d) None of the above

90. What is the difference between FileReader and FileInputStream?

- a) FileReader is for text files, FileInputStream is for binary files
- b) FileReader is faster than FileInputStream
- c) FileInputStream cannot read text files
- d) None of the above

91. Which of these is a valid constructor of the `PrintWriter` class?

- a) PrintWriter(OutputStream)
- b) PrintWriter(File)
- c) PrintWriter(String fileName)
 - d) All of the above

92. Which package is primarily used for GUI programming in Java?

- a) java.io
- b) java.util
- c) javax.swing
- d) java.net

93. What is a JFrame in Java?

- a) A container for holding GUI components
- b) A layout manager
- c) A method to create a thread
- d) None of the above

94. Which method is used to make a JFrame visible?

- a) show()
- b) setVisible(true)
- c) render()
- d) display()

95. What is the purpose of the `FlowLayout` manager?

- a) To arrange components in a row
- b) To arrange components in a grid
- c) To arrange components in a single row or column
- d) To stack components on top of each other

96. Which of these is a valid method to add a component to a JFrame?

- a) addComponent()
- b) add()
- c) insertComponent()
- d) attach()
97. What is the default layout manager for a JPanel?
- a) FlowLayout
- b) BorderLayout
- c) GridLayout
- d) None of the above

98. Which event listener is used for handling button clicks?

- a) ActionListener
- b) ItemListener
- c) KeyListener
- d) MouseListener

99. What is the use of the `setSize()` method in a JFrame?

- a) To set the size of the window
- b) To add components
- c) To set the visibility
- d) None of the above

100. What is the purpose of the `pack()` method in GUI programming?

- a) To automatically set the size of the window to fit components
- b) To set the layout manager
- c) To compile the program
- d) None of the above

**Chapter 12: Applets**

101. What is an applet in Java?
- a) A standalone application
- b) A small program that runs in a web browser
- c) A type of thread
- d) None of the above

102. Which method is used to initialize an applet?

- a) start()
- b) init()
- c) run()
- d) main()

103. Which method is used to draw graphics in an applet?

- a) paintComponent()
- b) paint()
- c) render()
- d) display()

104. What does the `Applet` class inherit from?

- a) Object
- b) Frame
- c) Panel
- d) None of the above

105. Can applets access the local file system by default?

- a) Yes
- b) No
106. What is the purpose of the `update()` method in an applet?
- a) To redraw the entire applet
- b) To close the applet
- c) To load an applet
- d) None of the above

**END OF MCQs**