This review discusses the role of nanotechnology in drug delivery systems, highlighting its principles, applications, recent advancements, and challenges. Key types of nanoparticles such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and metallic nanoparticles are explored for their therapeutic potential, particularly in cancer treatment and gene therapy. Despite its promise, the field faces challenges including scalable manufacturing and regulatory approval, necessitating further research and innovation.
This review discusses the role of nanotechnology in drug delivery systems, highlighting its principles, applications, recent advancements, and challenges. Key types of nanoparticles such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and metallic nanoparticles are explored for their therapeutic potential, particularly in cancer treatment and gene therapy. Despite its promise, the field faces challenges including scalable manufacturing and regulatory approval, necessitating further research and innovation.
This review discusses the role of nanotechnology in drug delivery systems, highlighting its principles, applications, recent advancements, and challenges. Key types of nanoparticles such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and metallic nanoparticles are explored for their therapeutic potential, particularly in cancer treatment and gene therapy. Despite its promise, the field faces challenges including scalable manufacturing and regulatory approval, necessitating further research and innovation.
This review discusses the role of nanotechnology in drug delivery systems, highlighting its principles, applications, recent advancements, and challenges. Key types of nanoparticles such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and metallic nanoparticles are explored for their therapeutic potential, particularly in cancer treatment and gene therapy. Despite its promise, the field faces challenges including scalable manufacturing and regulatory approval, necessitating further research and innovation.
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Title: Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery Systems: A Scientific Review
Student Name:
Duha Hussain Alsawadi
ID Num.: 202020548
Supervisor:
Dr. Ali Al-Samydai
Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery Systems: A Scientific Review
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Introduction
Nanotechnology is being employed in almost all fields, including medicine and pharmacies. Nanotechnology has provided modern solutions for the improvement of effectiveness, safety, and targeting of therapeutic agents in drug delivery systems. This review explores the principles, applications, recent advancements, and challenges observed in nanotechnology-driven drug delivery systems.
Principles of Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery
Nanotechnology refers to the manipulation of materials at the nanoscale (1-100 nanometers) in
order to construct structures possessing particular properties. Especially for drug delivery, drug nanoparticles could be engineered to create an improvement in conditions such as solubility, stability, and bioavailability of the drugs. These are nanoparticles designed for a controlled release, with targeting of certain tissues or cells while minimizing side effects (Roy & Pandey, 2023)
Nanotechnology has evolved into a big guru in medicine and pharmacy among other applications. In drug delivery systems, nanotechnology offers fresh approaches that can enhance the efficacy, safety, and targeting of therapeutic agents. This article review delves into the principles, applications, recent advancements, and challenges existent in nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems.
Types of Nanoparticles Used in Drug Delivery
1. Liposomes: Spherical vesicles with lipid bilayers form liposomes. Liposomes can enclose both hydrophilic and hydrophobic medicines, protecting degradation and enhancing targeted delivery (Blanco & Ferrari, 2011). 2. Polymeric Nanoparticles: Biodegradable polyethylene glycol-allied nanoparticles are possible for controlled release and targeted delivery of different molecules and are particularly useful for anticancer agents (Idrees & Hassan 2020). 3. Dendrimers: Very branched tree-like structures that can carry many drug molecules can provide a precise release and targeting of drugs (Roy & Pandey, 2023). 3
4. Metallic Nanoparticles: Gold and silver nanoparticles are very beneficial in much- imaging, diagnostic inputs, and delivery carriers of drugs. They possess distinct optical and electronic properties (Lee & Kim, 2023).
Applications of Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery
1. Treatment for cancer: To reduce damage to healthy tissues through which the drug passes, nanoparticles can deliver chemotherapeutic agents directly to target tumor cells. For instance, one liposome-based formulation of doxorubicin is approved for use in cancer therapy by the FDA (Blanco & Ferrari, 2011). 2. Gene Therapy: Genetic material like DNA or RNA can be transferred into specific cells through nanoparticles. This application approach is currently being investigated for genetic disorder and cancer treatment (Song & Jiang, 2023). 3. Vaccines: Nanoparticles have the ability to improve delivery and efficacy of vaccines; they can protect antigens from degradation and enhance immune response (Roy, M. & Pandey, N, 2023). 4. Targeted drug delivery: Nanoparticles can be functionalized with ligands that bind to specific receptors on target cells, ensuring precise drug delivery. (Roy, M. & Pandey, N, 2023).
Recent Advancements
Recent advancements in nanotechnology have led to the development of smart nanoparticles that respond to specific stimuli, such as pH, temperature, or enzymes, to release drugs at the desired site . Additionally, the integration of nanotechnology with other fields, such as biotechnology and materials science, has opened new avenues for personalized medicine and theranostics (therapy combined with diagnostics) (Roy & Pandey, 2023).
Challenges and Future Directions
Despite promising prospective applications, nanotechnology still faces several challenges
regarding drug delivery. Scalable manufacturing processes, the understanding of long-term effects of nanoparticles in the human body, and regulatory approval form some of these challenges. Future research shall focus more on mitigating these aspects and discovering new 4
materials and technologies for enhanced and safer drug formulation for delivery systems (Idrees & Hassan 2020).
Conclusion
In conclusion, Nanotechnology has indeed achieved marvelous things in drug delivery systems in terms of devising nanoparticles based on enhancing solubility, stability, and bioavailability of the drugs it has made possible. Such inventions have brought about lifesaving and better treatments for diseases with curative significance, like cancer, genetic disorders, and infections. However, nanotechnology cells do face challenges that include scalable production, long-term evaluation for safety, and regulatory approval. Yet, integrating nanotechnology with all other fields of science shall one day revolutionize the field of personalized medicine or theranostics. A lot would still require investment in research and innovation towards achieving the potential promised by nanotechnology in developing safer and more potent drug delivery systems. 5
References
1. Roy, M., Roy, A., Rustagi, S., & Pandey, N. (2023). An Overview of Nanomaterial Applications in Pharmacology. BioMed research international, 2023, 4838043. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4838043
2. Blanco, E., Hsiao, A., Mann, A. P., Landry, M. G., Meric-Bernstam, F., & Ferrari, M. (2011). Nanomedicine in cancer therapy: innovative trends and prospects. Cancer science, 102(7), 1247–1252. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.01941.
3. Afzal, O., Altamimi, A. S. A., Nadeem, M. S., Alzarea, S. I., Almalki, W. H., Tariq, A., Mubeen, B., Murtaza, B. N., Iftikhar, S., Riaz, N., & Kazmi, I. (2022). Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery: From History to Therapeutic Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 12(24), 4494. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12244494
4. Xu, M., Qi, Y., Liu, G., Song, Y., Jiang, X., & Du, B. (2023). Size-Dependent In Vivo Transport of Nanoparticles: Implications for Delivery, Targeting, and Clearance. ACS nano, 17(21), 20825–20849. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.3c05853
5. Idrees, H., Zaidi, S. Z. J., Sabir, A., Khan, R. U., Zhang, X., & Hassan, S. U. (2020). A Review of Biodegradable Natural Polymer-Based Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 10(10), 1970. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10101970
6. Lee, C. H., & Kim, J. H. (2023). METALLIC NANOPARTICLES IN BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS.
Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, 45, 102345. doi:10.1016/j.nano.2023.102345
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