Tourism Impacts Assessment

TOURISM IMPACTS
ASSESSMENT
Ms. Ciara Mae R. Cervantes

BSHM 121
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After the completion of the chapter, students will
be able to:
1. Define tourism-impact assessment.
2. Cite impact assessment tools and enumerate
their indicators.
3. Supply an assessment framework in analyzing
the potential impacts of tourism to a given
destination.
2
A. DEFINITION AND IMPORTANCE
OF TOURISM IMPACT ASSESSMENT
3
• It forces planners and developers
to foresee what could possibly go
wrong and take precautions to
prevent such unfortunate
consequences from happening.
Tourism
• It compels the parties involved in
Impact
tourism development to participate
in a consultative process to iron out
Assessment
kinks prior to the actual
implementation of a project.
and its
• Planners and developers would be
Importance
able to identify actions could
prevent or mitigate the impacts.
4
BASIC CONSIDERATIONS
IN TOURISM IMPACT
ASSESSMENT
• Constitution and existing laws
• Land use and spatial planning
• Zoning laws, zones of tourism value
• Regulations on tourism investments, enterprise zones etc.
• Building code (various permits, standards for various types
of structures)
• Business registration requirements
• Requirements for public consultation
B. TOURISM IMPACTS
ASSESSMENT TOOLS
1. TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE
APPROACH
• The triple bottom line (TBL) is a
sustainability framework that measures
an organization's performance in three
areas: people, planet, and profit. The
TBL helps organizations evaluate their
impact on the environment and society,
in addition to their financial
performance.
2. Tourism Carrying Capacity Assessment
• used to identify and implement limits to the number of
visitors to specific destinations or attraction.
What is carrying capacity?

• Carrying capacity in tourism is the maximum number of
people who can use a site without an unacceptable
alteration in the physical environment and an
unacceptable decline in the quality of the experience
gained by visitors -Wall and Mathieson 2006
• The maximum number of people that may visit a tourist
destination at the same time, without causing destruction
of the physical, economic, socio-cultural environment and
an unacceptable decrease in the quality of visitor’s
satisfaction”. - WTO
TYPES OF CARRYING CAPACITY
ASSESSMENT
ACCORDING TO LUNDBERG
10
1. Physical Carrying Capacity –
determines the level of physical
impacts that are acceptable at a
destination.
2. Perceptual Carrying Capacity – look

at the situation from the tourists’
point of view, related to how they
perceived the quality of the
destination.
3. Social or Sociocultural Carrying

Capacity – focuses on the social and
cultural changes due to tourism
increase.
11
4. Economic Carrying Capacity –
the destination’s possibility to cater
the demand without crowding out
other local economic activities.
5. Political or Administrative
Carrying Capacity – concerned
with how the local, political, and
administrative bodies can cope
with tourism and to what extent it
is needed to put limits on tourism
inflow.
12
PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT SYSTEM
A process that involves predicting and evaluating the likely

impacts of a project on the environment during construction,
commissioning, operation and abandonment. It also includes
designing appropriate preventive, mitigating and
enhancement measures addressing these consequences to
protect the environment and the community’s welfare.
-DENR
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• The basic carrying capacity
(BCC) is the maximum number
of visitors that can fit into a
specific space over a given
period of time.
• The rotation coefficient (RC) is
a value that measures how
many people an area can
accommodate for an activity
in one day, taking into account
how tourists rotate.
14
Compute for the BCC, RC
and PCC of Intramuros. Its
area is 67 hectares with a
capacity standard of 200m2
per person. It is open from
8am-7pm and tourist usually
stays for 4 hours.
15
Pinto Art Museum has a
perimeter of 1,200m2 and a
capacity standard of 250m2
per person. It is open from
9am-6pm and visitors
usually stays for at least 3
hours. Compute for the BCC,
RC and PCC.
16
Real carrying capacity
(RCC) is the maximum
number of visitors that can
be allowed to a specific
location while considering
the limiting factors that
affect the physical
carrying capacity. These
limiting factors are
specific to each location
and can include
biophysical, ecological,
social, and management
conditions.
17
A beach has a total area of 5,000 m², with
an average individual space requirement
of 10 m². The beach is open from 8 AM to
6 PM daily, and the average visitor spends
2 hours at the beach.
Due to environmental factors:
• Typhoons and strong waves make the
beach unusable for 50 days annually.
• The available time for swimming is
reduced by 2 hours daily due to high
tide.
• Intense sunlight reduces the usable
hours by 3 hours daily during midday.
18
An island reserve welcomes tourists for
snorkeling and relaxation. The total
usable area is 8,000 m², and each tourist
requires 5 m². The island is accessible
from 8 AM to 5 PM, and the average visit
lasts 3 hours.
Environmental limitations include:
• Rough seas prevent access for 30 days
annually.
• The swimming area is unavailable for 3
hours daily due to high tides.
• Strong sunlight reduces safe usage by 2
hours daily during midday.
19
• Limit of Acceptable Change shifts the
focus from quantifying visitor numbers
to assessing the extent of
environmental, social, and ecological
changes that a destination can
sustainably accommodate (Stankey,
1973; Stankey, Cole, Lucas, Petersen,
& Frissell, 1985).
• This approach prioritizes the quality
of the environment and visitor
experience over numerical thresholds,
aiming to maintain the integrity of
destinations amidst increasing
tourism pressures (Diedrich et al.,
2011; Frauman & Banks, 2011).
20
Loboc River Floating Cruise has a capacity of 60pax per cruise with at
least 4 cruises per day. The Loboc River has a length of 1500 meters.
The average length of boat used in the cruise is 40m2. The cruise is
open for 6 hours and usually last for 1.5 -2 hours.
LAC1 Views/preference of the key informant-visitors or users = 60m2

LAC2 Views/opinion of the Bohol LGU = 200m2
LAC3 Computed distance (LGUs’ recommendation minus visitors’
preference divided by 2) = 140m2
LAC4 Compromised distance (doubling the visitors’ preference) =
120m2
Lf1 Capacity of anchorage area (number of boats) = 4 boats

Lf2 Number of available boatmen = 12 boatmen
Lf3 Capacity of holding area = 15 visitors
Lf4 Number of days the area is closed for visitors = 52 days
Compute for LAC 1-4 along with their respective BCC, RC, PCC and
RCC.
21
Lake Balinsasayao offers boat cruises with a capacity of 50 pax per
cruise and operates 5 cruises per day. The lake has a length of 2,000
meters, and the average length of the boats used is 30 m². The cruise
operates for 8 hours daily, with each cruise lasting 1.5 hours.
LAC1: Views/preferences of visitors = 80 m²

LAC2: Recommendation of the Local Government Unit (LGU) = 250 m²
LAC3: Computed distance (LGU recommendation minus visitors’
preference divided by 2) = 170 m²
LAC4: Compromised distance (doubling the visitors’ preference) = 160
m²
Lf1 Capacity of anchorage area (number of boats) = 3 boats
Lf2 Number of available boatmen = 6 boatmen
Lf3 Capacity of holding area = 100 visitors
Lf4 Number of days the area is closed for visitors = 53 days
Compute for LAC 1-4 along with their respective BCC, RC, PCC and
RCC.
22
Thank
Thank you
you for
for a
a
great
great semester!
semester!

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TOURISM IMPACTS

Ms. Ciara Mae R. Cervantes

What is carrying capacity?

2. Perceptual Carrying Capacity – look

3. Social or Sociocultural Carrying

A process that involves predicting and evaluating the likely

LAC1 Views/preference of the key informant-visitors or users = 60m2

Lf1 Capacity of anchorage area (number of boats) = 4 boats

LAC1: Views/preferences of visitors = 80 m²

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