The document provides an overview of converters and inverters, detailing their functions and types, including DC-AC and AC-DC conversions. It explains the necessity of inverters for converting solar panel DC power to household AC power, and discusses various inverter types and their applications. Additionally, it covers the operation and rating of inverters, particularly in single-phase systems, highlighting their benefits in energy savings and motor control.
The document provides an overview of converters and inverters, detailing their functions and types, including DC-AC and AC-DC conversions. It explains the necessity of inverters for converting solar panel DC power to household AC power, and discusses various inverter types and their applications. Additionally, it covers the operation and rating of inverters, particularly in single-phase systems, highlighting their benefits in energy savings and motor control.
The document provides an overview of converters and inverters, detailing their functions and types, including DC-AC and AC-DC conversions. It explains the necessity of inverters for converting solar panel DC power to household AC power, and discusses various inverter types and their applications. Additionally, it covers the operation and rating of inverters, particularly in single-phase systems, highlighting their benefits in energy savings and motor control.
The document provides an overview of converters and inverters, detailing their functions and types, including DC-AC and AC-DC conversions. It explains the necessity of inverters for converting solar panel DC power to household AC power, and discusses various inverter types and their applications. Additionally, it covers the operation and rating of inverters, particularly in single-phase systems, highlighting their benefits in energy savings and motor control.
1 Conversion scheme from electric 2 to electric by static switch control information
PROCESSED INPUT POWER OUTPUT POWER PROCESSOR POWER
dc-dc conversion
dc-ac ac-dc conv. conv.
ac-ac conversion Power Electronics Circuits Symbol Rectifier : AC-DC Converter
AC input DC output
DC CHOPPER : DC-DC Converter
DC input DC output
3 INVERTER : DC-AC Converter
DC input AC output What is an Inverter?
An inverter is an electrical circuit capable of turning DC power into AC power, while at the same time regulating the voltage, current, and frequency of the signal
4 5 Why do I need an inverter? Most solar panels provide 12V DC power Household devices use 120V AC power Necessary for a grid tie in system 6 What kind of inverter do I want? Inverters come in all different shapes and sizes, for all different purposes Inverters vary in output from 50 – 5,000 W Several different methods of changing DC power to AC power Some inverters put out electricity of higher ‘quality’ than others. What does that mean? Electrical wave forms 7 Graphs of voltage as a function of time
Power that Different types
comes from a of inverters give PV panel or outputs with battery is different wave generally 12V forms DC Power 12V DC Power
Square Wave Modified Sine Wave True Sine Wave
8 Different types of inverter output Square wave inverters are basically obsolete Modified sine wave output will power almost everything in your house. However, things like power drills, or battery chargers may not work True sine wave output is exactly the same as the power provided by a utility company, and is necessary for a grid inter-tie system Methods of inversion 9
Rotary inverters use a DC Electrical inverters use a
motor to turn an AC combination of ‘chopping’ Power generator, the circuits and transformers provide a true sine wave to change DC power into output, but are inefficient, AC. They are much more and have a low surge widely used and are far capacity rating more efficient and practical. Less expensive electrical inverters produce a modified sine wave, while more expensive models give a true sine wave. 10 How do they work? There are 2 types of electrical inverters, the first takes low voltage high current power from a PV panel or battery and sends it through a ‘chopping’ circuit which changes it to low voltage high current AC power at 60Hz. The power then goes through a series of large transformers which output 120V AC power at 60Hz 11 How do they work? The second type of electrical inverter is more complex. Two chopping circuits are employed to make it possible for a much smaller and lighter transformer to be used. The DC power is converted to very high frequency AC power which is easier to transform into high voltage low current power. The power is then rectified back into DC power and sent through a second chopping circuit to turn it into 60Hz 120V AC. 12 How are Inverters rated?
Continuous output rating: The maximum
wattage that the inverter can support long term, includes all everyday appliances, lights and anything else that consumes power. Surge capacity rating: The maximum wattage that cam be supported at any given time. Important when starting devices like refrigerators or water pumps which require more wattage to start then to run. 13 Applications of Inverters
Inverters are used for many practical
purposes Small inverters can plug into your car cigarette lighter Large inverters can be used in a solar or wind powered home Single phase Inverters 14 The slide is intended to be a general guide only for the installation of single phase frequency inverters on single phase power supplies. The two supply voltages discussed will include 220V (230V, 240V) and 480V Single Wire Earth Return (SWER) systems.
A frequency inverter provides many benefits including:
Significantly reduce the starting current, from 600-800% down to
<110-150% of the motors rated FLC. Automation & process control using the built-in electronics to provide constant pressure / flow systems for irrigation or other pumping applications. Ability to control the speed of the motor. Energy Savings: Substantial energy savings may be achievable for Fan & Pump loads. Soft starting of the motor & load reducing mechanical stresses & reduced water hammer with pumps. Single phase Inverters 15
The Power, Motor & Inverter Combination
The frequency inverter required will be dependent upon both the motor and the power source available. The general rule to remember is that a frequency inverter can convert single phase into three phase power but, it cannot provide a higher voltage out than what you put in. Therefore if you only have a 220V 1 phase power supply input, you cannot get three phase 415V output. It will only provide 220V 3 phase output. If you have a 480V power supply you can output three phase 415V - a lower voltage. Single phase Inverters 16
The Power, Motor & Inverter Combination
The frequency inverter required will be dependent upon both the motor and the power source available. The general rule to remember is that a frequency inverter can convert single phase into three phase power but, it cannot provide a higher voltage out than what you put in. Therefore if you only have a 220V 1 phase power supply input, you cannot get three phase 415V output. It will only provide 220V 3 phase output. If you have a 480V power supply you can output three phase 415V - a lower voltage. Single phase Inverters 17 The frequency inverter operates from the single phase power line connected to L1 and L2.
480 V Single Wire Earth Return Supply:
The inverter takes the 480V single phase AC power and
converts it to a 3 Phase output suitable for a standard 3phase 415 V motor. Single phase Inverters 18 220V single phase power:
The inverter takes the 220V single phase AC power and
converts it to a 3 Phase output suitable for a standard 3 phas 220V motor.
