ISO-IEC-25002-2024

International
Standard
ISO/IEC 25002
Systems and software First edition
engineering — Systems and 2024-03
software Quality Requirements
and Evaluation (SQuaRE) — Quality
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model overview and usage
(https://standards.iteh.ai)
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ISO/IEC 25002:2024
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Reference number
ISO/IEC 25002:2024(en) © ISO/IEC 2024
ISO/IEC 25002:2024(en)
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ISO/IEC 25002:2024
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© ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
ii
ISO/IEC 25002:2024(en)
Contents Page
Foreword..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
Introduction.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. v
1 Scope.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
3 Terms and definitions................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
4 Abbreviated terms.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
5 Guidance for using SQuaRE quality models......................................................................................................................................... 7
6 Quality model overview............................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
7 Quality model framework....................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
7.1 Quality model structure............................................................................................................................................................................... 8
7.2 Quality model categories..........................................................................................................................................................................10
7.3 Ontology of quality model concepts...............................................................................................................................................11
7.4 Quality requirement priorities and conditions................................................................................................................... 12
7.5 Applying and extending quality models.................................................................................................................................... 12
8 Quality model usage................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
8.1 Stakeholders....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
8.2 Use of quality models within quality processes.................................................................................................................. 14
8.2.1 Introduction to quality model usage examples................................................................................................. 14
8.2.2 Quality requirements definition..................................................................................................................................... 14
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8.2.3 Quality engineering................................................................................................................................................................... 15
8.2.4 Quality evaluation....................................................................................................................................................................... 15
8.2.5 Quality measurement...............................................................................................................................................................16
8.2.6 Quality management..................................................................................................................................................................16
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Bibliography.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
ISO/IEC 25002:2024

iii
ISO/IEC 25002:2024(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity.
ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/
IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives or www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).
ISO and IEC draw attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the
use of (a) patent(s). ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any
claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO and IEC had not
received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers
are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents and https://patents.iec.ch. ISO and IEC shall not be held
responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
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related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 7, Software and Document
systems engineering. Preview
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards
body. A complete listing of these bodies ISO/IECcan
25002:2024
be found at www.iso.org/members.html and
www.iec.ch/national-committees.

iv
ISO/IEC 25002:2024(en)
Introduction
A wide variety of organizational functions and personal activities are increasingly performed by information
systems and IT services. Therefore, high-quality information systems and IT services are essential to
providing value and avoiding potential negative consequences for their stakeholders. Unfortunately, quality
assurance has traditionally focused primarily on functional requirements, giving far less attention to the
non-functional attributes of a system/product. Comprehensive specification, design, and evaluation of all
quality attributes of information systems and IT services are critical to optimizing the value of information
systems to their stakeholders.
The comprehensive specification of quality characteristics associated with a specific type of information
system is represented in a quality model. A quality model can be used as an objective reference supporting
requirements definition, evaluation, and validation/verification. By establishing an international agreement
on quality characteristics and their measurement, the SQuaRE family of standards provides a framework for
reliable world-wide development and delivery of information systems and IT services.
This document is intended to provide guidelines for interpreting and using ISO/IEC 25010, ISO/IEC TS 25011,
ISO/IEC 25012, ISO/IEC 25019, and other SQuaRE quality models to be published in the future. Quality
models in the SQuaRE family can guide the development of quality measures and evaluation processes used
to provide evidence that information systems, ICT products, data, and IT services have the capability to
perform their role in achieving the sustainable development goals of SDGs 4, 9, and 11.
This document introduces the structure of SQuaRE quality models and provides requirements for developing
them. This document describes how SQuaRE quality models in the quality model division (ISO/IEC 2501n)
can be used in conjunction with other SQuaRE standards to guide quality-related activities across the
information system lifecycle. These quality models can guide the development of measures for evaluating
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the quality of information systems and IT services to meet the requirements of their stakeholders. These
models provide a common language for describing quality characteristics that can be understood by all
stakeholders and should be considered in defining product requirements. They also provide a basis for
defining standard quantitative measures of quality characteristics for evaluating the quality properties of a
target entity.
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The complexity of information systems has grown exponentially with the advent of modern digital
technologies. This complexity elevates the importance
ISO/IEC of non-functional requirements and qualities.
25002:2024
SQuaRE quality models can help guide the development of modern digital technologies that are trustworthy
and that delight their users.
This document is a part of the SQuaRE series of International Standards, which consists of the following
divisions:
— quality management division;
— quality model division;
— quality measurement division;
— quality requirements division;
— quality evaluation division;
— SQuaRE extension division.
Figure 1 (adapted from ISO/IEC 25000) illustrates the organization of the SQuaRE family of International
Standards. Similar standards are grouped into divisions. Each division provides guidance and resources for
performing a different function in ensuring system and software product quality.

v
ISO/IEC 25002:2024(en)
Figure 1 — Organization of SQuaRE family of International Standards
The divisions within the SQuaRE family are:

— ISO/IEC 25000 to ISO/IEC 25009 - quality management division. The International Standards that form
this division define all common models, terms, and definitions referred to by all other International
Standards from the SQuaRE family. This division also provides requirements and guidance for a
supporting function that is responsible for the management of the requirements, specification, and
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evaluation of software product quality. Practical guidance on the use of the quality models is also
provided.
— (https://standards.iteh.ai)
ISO/IEC 25000: Guide to SQuaRE
—
—
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ISO/IEC 25001: Planning and management
ISO/IEC 25002: Quality models overview and usage
— ISO/IEC 25010 to ISO/IEC 25019 - quality ISO/IEC 25002:2024
model division. The International Standards that form this
division present detailed quality models for computer systems and software products, data, IT services
and quality-in-use.
— ISO/IEC 25010: Product quality model
— ISO/IEC TS 25011: IT service quality model
— ISO/IEC 25012: Data quality model
— ISO/IEC 25019: Quality-in-use model
— ISO/IEC 25020 to ISO/IEC 25029 - quality measurement division. The International Standards that form
this division include a quality measurement framework, mathematical definitions of quality measures,
and practical guidance for their application. Examples are given of quality measures for internal and
external properties of products, data, IT services and quality-in-use. Quality measure elements (QME)
forming foundations for quality measures for internal and external properties of products are defined
and presented.
— ISO/IEC 25030 to ISO/IEC 25039 - quality requirements division. The International Standards that
form this division help specify quality requirements based on quality models and quality measures.
These quality requirements can be used in the process of eliciting quality requirements for information
systems and IT services to be developed or as input for an evaluation process.
— ISO/IEC 25040 to ISO/IEC 25049 - quality evaluation division. The International Standards that form
this division provide requirements, recommendations and guidelines for software product evaluation,

vi
ISO/IEC 25002:2024(en)
whether performed by evaluators, acquirers or developers. The guideline for documenting a measure as
an evaluation module is also provided.
— ISO/IEC 25050 to ISO/IEC 25099 - SQuaRE extension division. These International Standards currently
include requirements for quality of ready-to-use software product (RUSP), Common Industry Formats
for usability reports, and quality models and measures for new technologies such as cloud services and
artificial intelligence.
The SQuaRE standards can be used in conjunction with ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288, particularly the processes
for the specification and evaluation of quality requirements. ISO/IEC 25030 describes how quality models
can be used for systems and software quality requirements; and ISO/IEC 25040 describes how the quality
models can be used for systems and software quality evaluation.
The SQuaRE standards can also be used in conjunction with ISO/IEC 33000 family of International Standards
which are concerned with software process assessment to provide:
— a framework for software product quality definition in the customer-supplier process;
— support for quality review, verification, and validation, as well as a framework for establishing
quantitative quality characteristics;
— support for setting organizational quality goals in the management process.
The SQuaRE standards can be used in conjunction with ISO 9001 (which is concerned with quality assurance
processes) to provide:
— support for setting quality goals;
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— support for design review, verification, and validation.
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ISO/IEC 25002:2024

vii
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ISO/IEC 25002:2024
International Standard ISO/IEC 25002:2024(en)
Systems and software engineering — Systems and software

Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) — Quality
model overview and usage
1 Scope
This document establishes a framework for defining quality models which are composed of quality
characteristics and sub-characteristics. In particular, this document provides:
— the concept of a quality model;
— the structure and semantics of quality models;
— the relationship between quality models and the other concepts, including measurement, requirement
definition, and evaluation;
— guidelines, requirements and examples for using quality models.
2 Normative references
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There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
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For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use 25002:2024
ISO/IEC in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://w ww.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://w ww.electropedia.org/
3.1
attribute
inherent property or characteristic of an entity that can be distinguished quantitatively or qualitatively by
human or automated means
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 25000:2014, 4.1, modified — Notes to entry have been removed.]
3.2
component
entity with discrete structure, such as an assembly or software module, within a system (3.29) considered
at a particular level of analysis
Note 1 to entry: ICT products (3.8) are composed from multiple entities including sub-ICT products, hardware,
firmware, communication infrastructure, software, software components, and data
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 19770-5:2015, modified — The term has been changed from "software component" to
"component"; the original note 1 to entry has been replaced by a new one.]

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ISO/IEC 25002:2024(en)
3.3
context of use
users (3.31), tasks, equipment (hardware, software and materials), and the physical and social environments
in which a product (3.15) is used
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 25000:2014, 4.2]
3.4
data quality
capability of the characteristics of data to satisfy stated and implied needs when used under specified
conditions
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 25000:2014, 4.5, modified— “degree to which the characteristics of data satisfy” has been
changed to “capability of the characteristics of data to satisfy”.]
3.5
developer
individual or organization that performs development activities [including requirements (3.25) analysis,
design, testing through acceptance] during the system (3.29) or software life cycle process
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 25000:2014, 4.6]
3.6
direct user
person who interacts with the product (3.15)
Note 1 to entry: This includes primary users (3.31) who use the system (3.29) to achieve their goals and secondary
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users like content providers, system managers, administrators, operators and installers.
3.7
evaluator (https://standards.iteh.ai)
individual or organization that performs an evaluation
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 25000:2014, 4.10]Document Preview
3.8
ICT product ISO/IEC 25002:2024
product (3.15) which uses information and communication technologies (ICTs) and can be a part of
information system (3.10)
Note 1 to entry: ICT product can constitute other ICT products (sub-products) and sometimes a component (3.2) of
an ICT product can also be considered as ICT products by themselves. Examples of ICT products includes computer
hardware, software products (3.15), and data.
Note 2 to entry: ICT product refers to combination of one or more technology components (e.g. cloud, internet, data,
multimedia, communication, hardware, firmware, software, and middleware) that enables modern computing and
allows people and organizations to interact and operate in the digital world.
Note 3 to entry: ICT product does not include people, machines, infrastructure, and other facilities which are
independent from communication and data. ICT product includes hardware with embedded computer, such as sensors
and communicators, but not the users (3.31).
Note 4 to entry: While many artefacts like data sheets, user manuals, installation manuals, operations guides, and
configuration guides contribute to the quality of an ICT product and the information system that constitutes it, they
are not ICT products by themselves.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 25030:2019, 3.8, modified — The original note 1 to entry has been removed; 4 new notes
to entry have been added.]
3.9
indirect user
person who receives output from a system (3.29), but does not interact with the system
EXAMPLE business managers, acquirers, product managers


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Figure 1 — Organization of SQuaRE family of International Standards

The divisions within the SQuaRE family are:

Systems and software engineering — Systems and software

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