Rajasthani School of Miniature

Paintings
 Maru Ragini -:

1) Artist - Sahibdin

2) Sub school - Mewar (udaipur)

3) School - Rajasthan

4) Circa - 18th century

5) Medium- water colour

6) Technique - Tempera on handmade paper

7) Collection- National Museum, New Delhi

 Maru Ragini is a painting from a series of Ragmala painted by Sahibdin.(The court painter of udaipur).
 The king with his queen is riding on well decorated camel in yellow desert background.
 For ground is in light green colour.
 The King holding reins of the camel in his right hand and looking towards his queen.
 The sky is painted in deep blue colour shown night scene.
 Two male escorts with stick on their shoulder per running side with the camel.
 One attendant is leading the camel.
 A white Colour Racing dog is shown a head of the escorts.
 The dresses of all the figures are in flate transparent colour with the effect of the mughal style.
 Maru shri Ragini is written on the top of this miniature painting.
 Now it is collection National Museum New Delhi .

 Mewar:

→Mewar school get success under the care of Rajput King in a completely local folk art style.
→This school attained its height during the rule of Maharaja jagat singh (1628 - 1652].
→Sahibdin a court painter of Mewar and Manohar an artist from Mandu were hated painter of this school.
→Sahibdin painted Nayak -nayika bheda, Bhagwat puran and series of Ramayan, Ragmala Painting the themes
from the social and cultural life.
→ The background is mewar school was decorated with bright flat colour.
  Chaughan Players:-

1) Artist →Dana
2) Sub school →Jodhpur
3) School →Rajasthan
4) Medium→ watercolor
5) Technique →Tempera on handmade paper
6) Circa→ 18th century
7 ) Collection →N. M. New Delhi.
 It Is the horizontal tempera painting of Jodhpur school painted by Dana in 18th century.
 Two princess were shown sitting on their horses facing each other.
 They are playing polo with their four lady companions.
 They are sitting on their horses in lower side painting.
 Though their horse are running in the opposite directions the partner face are on the same side where
princesses are looking.
 They are trying to control the ball by long polo stick.
 Profile face of all ladies have high rounded forehead of and elongated (long) eyes.
 The head of all maids covered with odhnis.
 All dress are in pure rajputana style and well decorated.
 Their bell shaped ghaghras are shown on fluttering on back of horses.
 Very bright colour have been used in this painting light and flat green background.
 Now it is a collection of National Museum New Delhi.

 Jodhpur: -

→Jodhpur is the largest state of Rajasthan established by the Rathore . Rao jodha founded Jodhpur in 1459.
→At the beginning Jodhpur painter painted in Jain style .
→Jodhpur style developed during (1760-1780) AD in the rule of ' Bijay singh ‘
→ The school reached its climax during the rule of Man Singh (1803 - 1843 ) AD .
→ A" lady flying kite' is one of its best example.
→A women figure are shown having uplifted forehead sharp nose like beak of parrot eyes like wagtails, stretched up
to ear, slim waists and long legs.
→ A series of 121 painting painted in 1820.
→ AD based on "dhola' and 'Marwari" based are assets of this school.
→The dresses are in bright colour gorgeous Rajput costumes.
→They are decorated with variety of ornaments.
→Male figures have beautiful moustache Side burns. Their turbans are shown very high.
→Artist- Irtmal, Dana, Sivdas and Kalu
→ Themes- episodes from krishna leela, Ramayana, Nayak - Nayika bheda Barahmasa, Panchtantra; shiv Puran.

 Krishna on swing: -
1 ) Artist →Nuruddin

2) Subschool→ Bikaner

3) School→ Rajasthan

4 ) Medium→ water colour

5) Techniques → Tempra on Handmade Paper

6) Circa → 1683 AD

7) Collection → N.H. New Delhi

• Amazing tempera painting of Bikaner school done by Nuruddin in 17th century .

 The painting divided 2 different parts of scene .The leaves of tree are shown in detail in mincature pattern.
 First part of panel krishna is shown sitting on well decorated swing and Radha is sitting in front of krishna in
the balcony on red carpet.
 The blue complexioned krishna has tiara on his head and white garland of flower on his neck.
 A golden dupatta is also put his shoulders. He is wearing orange colour dhoti.
 Radha is shown in traditional Rajasthani ghaghra choli and transparent odhani.
 In the lower panel both radha and krishna are sitting at different place under a tree on red carpet.
 Krishna is shown on left side while Radha is painted on right side.
 Radha's attendent is standing in front of krishna maybe she is Passing radha's message.
 Krishna is also wearing the same dress but his dhoti is yellow.
 Radha is wearing yellow coloured ghaghra choli and transparent odhani.
• The maid of radha has worn light purple striped ghaghra choli and transpatent odhani.

 Bikaner:-
→ Bikaner was founded by the sixth son of Rao Jodha the founder of Jodhpur in 1485.
→ Bikaner developed as an important center of rajasthani painting in the 17th century under 'Raja Raj Singh' large
number of artist from Aurangzeb court migrated to bikaner.
→Ustad Hamid Rukunddin a famous painter was one of theme . He illustrated themes of ‘Rasik Priya ‘ , bhagwat
purana in this style .
→He was also expert in painting female figures and portrait.
→Ali Raza and hazan Raza worked for Raja karan singh and painted a large number of portraits in shahjahan style
with mughal impact .
→ ‘Varsha Vihar’ is an important work of famous nature painter "LUFE”.
→The domes and Lattices painted in this style have clear mughal effect.
→ Mostly Purple, grey, green and badant colours are used.
→ Artist of Bikaner School - Ali Raza, Hasan Raza ,Nuruddin and Sahibdin and LUFE.
→Theme →Mahabharat, Ramayan, Krishna legend, Ragmala, Brahmsa, and love scene of Radha krishna, Hunting
scene, portraits.
  Bani Thani -:

1) Artist-Nihal Chand
2) Sub school - Kishangarh
3) School- Rajasthan
4 ) Technique - Tempera on handmade paper
5) Medium- water colour
6) Circa-1760
7) Collection- Maharaja sawai singh Museum,Jaipur.
 The world famous painting of kishangarh school in water tempera medium painted by genius artist nihal
chand in 18 th century.
 The govt. of India has alo issued a postal stamp on this painting.
• Her face was longer and receding forehead.
• Her sharp pointed nose and chin with long wagtailed (khanjan pakshi) eyes slightly tinged with pink .
 Arch like eyebrows and then red lips.
 she is holding 2 lotus buds in left hand.
 Her long black curly Hair flows down her shoulder to her waist and a thick lock of hair dangling down the
lotus. wisp of her hair partly falling on her cheek.
 She is very softly holding her gold studded bordered transparent chunari in a graceful womanly manner.
 palm slightly tinged red.
 Her dress and jewellery has been painted according to rajput tradition.
 Radha's odhani is painted to look transparent to reval the whiteness of her marble white skin .
 The background is painted in dark blue colour.
 Radha is smiling mysteriously and her eyes with womanly beauty worth seeing
 Her smile is mysterious like monalisa she is painted as an ideal woman hood & can easily be compared to
monalisa .

 Kishangarh: -

→ A very small estate kishangarh surrounded by Jaipur, Jodhpur, shahpur, Ajmer.

→Kishangarh established by "Kishan Singh" the eighth son of Rana Uday Singh of Jodhpur.
→ Kishangarh school to its greatest heighs goes to Raja " sawant singh" crowned as king in 1747.
→He himself was great poet, critic, artist, musician and well versed in hindi.
→ He wrote 76 Books under his pen name "Nagari Das".
→ The love for Bani thani a maid in his step mother household.The love was so deep that he started worshiping her
as radha.
→ He call himself nagari das the servent of radha bani thani.
→Artist- Chhotu, Amirchand, surdwaj, bhawani Das, Surajmal, Meghraj and sitaram, nihalchand .
→ Themes- geet govind, Bhagwat purana, Bihari chandrika (written by Nagari Das) , Nayak- Nayaki bheda.
→ Mostly primary colours ted, yellows, blue and white have been used silver and gold colours add extra beauty to
these painting.

 Bharat meets Ram at chitrakut: -

1) Artist- guman
2) Sub school - Jaipur
3) school- Raj
4) Medium-water colour
5) Technique –Temperera on handmade paper.
6) Circa- 18"century
7) collection- N.M. New delhi
 Guman has painted an episodes of Ramayana through 49 very normal human figures,in nine different
groups.
 Bharat came to chitrakut for taking back his elder brother RAMA to ayodhya with his 3 mothers and gurus.
 Dark skined Rama with halo has been shown in ruddle coloured clothes. All the mothers have been painted
in white clothes.
 The gurus have been shown in white beard and wearing pink and ruddle colours clothes.
 Bharat and shatrughna have worn similar light pink clothes.
 Sita as well as the other wives have worn pink sarees.
 In the upper part of the painting Rama Lakhshman and sita have been shown in different face greeting the
mothers.
 Below Rama is shown making respect the gurus.
 At the one place having heard the sad news of death of his father, dashrath,rama has been shown fainted
(Behosh).
 In upper portion sita is discussing with her mother in law and other wives.
 One place rama has been shown begging & apologizing from his gurus , and all have been show standing on
right side in a line maybe this is time of farewell.
 Bharat & shatrughna have been sitting together.
 In the background of the painting dark green has been shown on which a black coloured special structure
has been painted.
 Behind that many tress and flowers an Plants behind these trees a hill has been shown.
 Blue ,green, yellow, ocher, white and Red colours are used.
 In front part of painting there is a water source in which so many flowers of lotus have been shown, near the
water source there is clump of trees.
  jaipur :-

→Raja Sawai jai Singh (1693 - 1793) AD established Jaipur . the ruler of jaipur were great lover of Art and care
painting.
→The development period of this school is from (1700 - 1900) AD. Jaipur reached its climax during the empire of
"Raja pratap singh" (1779- 1803) AD. He was great Art lover and devotee of lord Krishna.
→Lines are flexible, soft and rhythmic. The use of light and shade is clearly visible.
→The human face are round and of medium size.
→Their eyes are painted long like fish.
→ Females have bright face ,red lips ,fleshy bodies and pre dominant breasts.
→Males have robust bodies, round noses, yellow face and hair reaching upto ear.
→They wear pajamas and turbans in which diamonds and pearls are studded.
→The ghagharas of ladies are painted in dark colours, ornamented border are richness of gold colour add beauty to
this style.
→Artist - Sahibram, Ghasilal, Lalchitara, Maula baksh, Hirachand, guman, Hukma.
→Themes - Ragmala, Krishna leela, Ramayan, Mahabharat, Hunting scenes, Musical concerts and romantic scenes.

Origin & Development

-Rajasthani School
→ Rajput painting is considered as a bright chapter in the history of hindu miniature paintings.
→ Dr. Anand Kumar Swami the great scholar of Indian art history discovered this school and introduced it as a
Rajput painting later this school was rajasthani school.
→Rajput painting was limited around Rajasthani ,Bundelkhand andPunjab region of the himalyas
→ It has been subdivided into two styles based on geographic and stylistic differences.

1) The rajasthani school covering the areas of Mewar , Jaipur, Bundi , Kishangarh , Jodhpur,Bikaner.
2) The pahari school includes painting of Bosohli , Kangra, guler, Nurpur, chamba, mandi, Haripura, and tehri
Garwal.
→It was inspired and influenced by jain manuscript painting of Gujarat along with Indian traditional Art.
→krishna Leela the most popular theme in the Rajasthani school.
→ In the 14th century the influence of poets and writers like Ramanuja the worshipper of lord vishnu and Jaydev
the worshipper of lord krishna brought about great changes in the art literature spiritual awakening of the people
all over india
→ Important illustration of the Ramayana and Mahabharata of this school are also found.
→Beside this theme late on painting have been done on romance, general folk themes, illustration of Ragmala,
Barashmasa and nayak - nayika bheda. Sanskrit classics like Kadambari by ban bhatta, Rashik priya, Ramchand - rika
and love episodes of chaur panchasika, Nala Damayanti were illustrated.
→ The use of different colours to express different thought is very clear in this style.
→Colours carry for them separate meaning as red depicts warm, emation and fury, yellow the marvellous, brown
the erotic.
→ There is a special position in the series of Ragmala painting bright colour and bold outlines are its saliant feature.
In this style generally when the artist painted the figure of a woman the same figure would be duplicated for other
women in this painting.

 Features of Rajasthani School

1. Rajasthani painting were done for diving pleasure and mental satisfaction of the Artists.
2. They were not court painter they painted each and every aspect of human life from king to common people.
3. The themes from "shringar Rasa “ word also main subject matter of school.
4. The sacred (पवित्र) love of Radha krishna Religious themes, base on Ramayana and bhagwata puran, Raga Raginis,
Barahmasa, Nayak- Nayika bheda, and general life of common people were the favourite themes of Rajasthani
school.
5. The love for Radha Krishna was regarded as the symbol of love b/w soul and god in this school.
6. Main figures standout against of flat background in dark of bright colour.
7. Face are general shown in profile.
8. Bold out time, highly decorative designs, Regional Idioms.
9. They painted different types of trees, flora & fauna mountains, water spring.
10. In Rajasthani style Colours have been very carefully used .
11. In this style generally when the artist painted figure of a woman the same figure would be duplicated for other
women in this painting.
12. Colours carry for them separate meaning as red depicts warm, emotion & fury, yellow the marvellous, brown the
erotic.
13. Similarly, healthy cows, elephant, horses, peacock & other birds were also painted nicely in this school.
14. The main colour were primary but different colours like gold and silver have also been used in this painting.
15. The thin lines are also full of softness.

Pahari School
Krishna with Gopis

1) Artist- Manakal
School - Paharı
Subschool - Bashali
Medium - Water colour
Technique- Tempera on hand made paper
Collection- NM New Delhi
Circa – 1730 AD
2) The painting Krishna with gopis is based on jaydeva is geet Govinda painted by famous painter Manaku.
3) Blue skinned krishna has been shown in happily mood singing & dancing gopis on the back of river yamuna.
4) All the 8 gopis decorated in luxurious costumes expressing their honest regards & emotions to love krishna.
5) Krishna is wearing bright yellow colour dhoti & a jewellery decorated crown with Peacock feather on on his head.
6) The upper part of his body is naked & decorated with variety of ornaments.
7)All the figures have profile face, slopping head, eyes like lotus & sharp noše.
8) Lord krishna is embracing two Gopies, 3rd goft is touching his feet, 4th is in knee down posture & praying down
him, 5th Is in stooping posture with her palms folded, 6th is holding a fam like round sturcture 7th is looking back &
8th is holding a white chauri.
9) I'm background has been shown multi coloured & multi designed leaves of trees.
10) Middle part of background has been shown in light scarlet colour which indicates the surface.

 Basohli
→ Basohli was a small estate in Kathua district of present jammu Kashmir state.
→Basohli style was developed as mixture of local folk Art & religious art tradition & refined realism of mughal
miniature.
→ It's individual style & reached its climax during the raja Kripal of Basohli.
→The main center of this school were at Kullu, chamba, nurpur, suket, bilaspur & malagarh.
→Mainly artist painted lord krishna & his various mood.
→The themes from Ramayan , Mahabharat, Bhagwat puran, incarnation of lord vishnu, geet govinda, baramasa,
Nayak Nayika bheda, are their subject matter.
→Here Radha Krishna have been painted as a symbol of soul has god which conveys a Spiritual message that soul has
to cross many obstacles to meet almighty power & finally submerges into god.
→ These are full of love, romance, mood emotions.
→Profile human face are painted in bright intense flat coloux lovelorn lotus like large eyes & use of posture of hands
for expressing thought & emotion are the main feature of Basohli.
→It was just a tradition in basohli school artist to paint one inch wide blue sky called high horizon at the top of the
composition.
→ Female are shown wearing luxurious lehenga half sleeved choli & transparent veils (odhani)
→Men, women both are also variety of ornaments decorated with on their hands, legs, ears & neck, etc..
→Males are shown in mughal angrakhas, tight pajamas, and various types of turbans.
→Mostly red, yellow, blue & green are used.
→Each colour used has its own Symbol, Red represents the love & blue colour for Krishna.
→Krishna is wearing yellow dhoti his upper half is naked . He is wearing a white long pearl garland & jeweled crown
with peacock plumes along with other ormaments.
→Ornamently designed carpets, pillows, decorated gates, carved wooden pillars & latticed window, etc. add extra
beauty to the school painting.
→ Light & heavy rains are shown by dotted & straight lines.
→ Sunlight is depicted by yellow colour flat background with simplified forms of trees & high horizon are special
identity of Basohli style.
→Artist- Devidas, Manaku, Nainsukh, golu& Ranjha.
 Nand yashoda & Krishna with kinsmen going to vrindavan

1) Artist- Nainsukh
School-Pahari
Medium - water colour
Sub school- Kangra
Techinque- Tempera on Handmade paper
Circa - 18th century
Collection - N.M. New Delhi
2) This is a beautiful attractive & crowded tempera painting of Kangra school by Nainsukh an 18th century.
3) The theme of this painting is based on lord krishna childhood life..
4) In this painting a journey of Nand Yashoda & Krishna with kinsmen going to vrindavan has been illustration in a
very realistic mode.
5) All the human figures painted in this painting are shown in traditional dresses have profile face, slopping head,
eyes like lotus & sharp nose.
6) Nand baba is shown sitting under well decorated special type of of bullock cart having a frilled umbrella crown
above his head.
7) Just behind this bullock cart in another beautifully decorated bullock cart yashoda is shown sitting with Krishna.
8) Under the same round frilled crown Balram is sitting with her mother Rohini.
9) The kinsmen of all age groups of Nand Gram are also accompanying Nand baba to this divine journey to vrindavan
along with their thing of daily needs business & domestic cattle.
10) Some Kinsmen have milk curd & butter pitchers on their heads.
11) There is very alive & natural illustration of men, women, children, oxen, & cows in this painting.
12) In the background roadside vibrant forest scene & creepers add extra beauty to this miniature.

Kangra
→ Kangra painting have been considered one of the best miniature painting of the world.
→ This school was born in 18th century as a mixture of Rajasthani & mughal.
→ It reached under the care of kangra Raja Sansar chand 1775-1823 AD-Kangra schod for flourished due to devotion
& effort of refugee Artist of Aurangzeb court & local folk pahari Artist of gular and chamba.
→It is noticed that Kangra painting are painted in planned manner after removing all the defects of Rajasthani &
Mughal miniature.
→Kangra style has its own original virtues & tradition.
→Gular, nurpur and sujanpur were main centres of Kangra school.
→ Manaku and his two son khushala & fattoo, Kishanlal, Basia, purkhoo, etc.
→Raja Sansar chand devotion to krishna culture & his love for romantic literature Inspired the Kangra school Artists
to paint on the theme like love for romantic, religion & literature.
→They painted many painting based on different episode of Ramayana, mahabharat , Bhagwat purana, jaidev's geet
govinda, Keshav dass-Rasik priya, Beharilal's satsai Barahmasa & Ragmala.
→They also painted general life scenes like workers in the field, people taking warmth of fire, festival like holi, & fair,
etc.
→ The worship of of mount Govardhana a theme painted from Bhagwat Purana is the finest & alive example of
kangra painting .
→They are painted wearing traditional Indian garments choli, lehenga & transparent veil ( odhani).
→They are decorated with Payal, bangles, rings, garland & Kumkum on forehead.
→Male are shown in angrakha, pajamas & turbans.
→ Krishna has always been shown in yellow dhoti & blue naked body.
→There is very alive & natural depiction of birds & animals in this school.
→Kangra artist mostly used very bright Red, yellow, blue colour. They used mixed colour like pink, green & purple,
etc.
→Application of gold & silver colour has increased the beauty, reality & brightness of Kangra painting.
→These colour are used in Beautifully garments, ornaments, utensils, furniture to show moonlight & lightening also.
→similarly the illustration of trees, mountains, flowers & waterfall.

Origin & development Pahari School

→The painting style developed the hill state of punjab & jammu within & around the5 tributaries of river sindhu is
known as pahari miniature painting.
→Aurangzeb prohibition of art in the 1st half of 17th century & the destruction of mughal empire by middle of 18th
century.
→Artist from mughal court as well as from courts of hindu noble found. It to there advantage seek refuge in to
smaller hill state of Himalayas like chamba, nurpur, Basohli, gular, Kangra, mandi, kulu & garwal.
→Pahari painting came in light through a book" Rajput painting “written by Dr Anand Kumar swami 1916. "Metcalf
was the first man to discover pahari painting in Kangra.
→After long research the birth place of pahari school is taken Basohli & gular.
→ It is developed as a miniature of the technique used in regional folk Art mughal & Rajasthani miniature.
→During the empire of Raja sansar chand the pahari school reached its climax in 18th century.
→It is a hybrid & mixed style of Gujarat miniature painting the mughal style of Aurangzeb's time of 1658-1707 &
Rajasthani school of 1st half of 17th century .

Features of Pahari school

1) In this school, artists specially used the beauty of women & nature to depict love, Romance& mood.
2 ) In Basohli use of strong brilliant colours (bright Red, yellow, green].
3) The romanticism & divine love of Radha Krishna aze popularly painted un a very emotional style.
4 ) Figure with Especial features such as fish shaped elongated eyes, or large expressive lotus shaped eyes ,round
chins, prominent noses, oval face, receding forehead; powerful body.
5) Classical literature, music religious theme from indian mythology & local culture etc. are the favourite subject
matter of school.
6) Clarity of designs & wonderful effected is created by the mixture of blue & yellow, Red & blue, grey & brown
colours which developed the beauty of painting.
7) The main centre of this school were Basohli ,guler, Kangra, chamba,mandi, garwal , Jammu &Kashmir, dharmshala.
8) These painting are done on a special type handmade paper called sialketi paper.
9)The animals & birds are very lively depicted in such a manner that their presence is need of painting are symbolizes
emotions cawing crow is painted as a symbol of hero of the painting.
10) Painted royal places, lattices & domes look like made up of marbles.
11) Beautiful female figures are speciality of pahari school.
12) The tempera technique is used in pahari school painting.
13) They look like ideal indian woman wearing traditional garment a transparent veils (odhani) they are
decorated with variety of ornaments.
14) Males are show n in traditional costumes like angrakha, pajama & turban.
15) The face of the human being are profile.
16 ) Allmost all painting are based on hindu religion. There are vivid illustration of 10 incarnation of vishnu , themes
of nayak-nayika bheda, geet govind, Rasik priya, Behari satsai, Bhagwat puran gave a great inspiration to pahari
Artist.

Mughal School
Krishna lifting Mount govardhan
1. Artist-Miskin
Period - Akbar
School - Mughal
Medium- Water colour
Technique - Tempera on handmade paper
Collection - N.M. New Delhi
Circa - 1585 - 1590 AD

2. This painting is a special creation of Akbar Library this was drawn for the manuscript of Harivansh puran.
3. Lord krishna is painted in standing position in dark blue colour.
4. Blue skin Krishna has been shown lifting up the multi coloured Govardhan Parvata on his left hand as if it is
weightless.
5. The mountain shown strong persian influence.
6. Krishna has worn yellow clothes his naked upper portion decorated with a very beautiful long garland of white
flower, this feet touching garland is also decorated with Red flower and green leaves.
7. He worn a crown on his head which is made of peacock tail feathers. He is also wearing various ornaments.
8. Under the mountain all folks of Braja are gathered along with their cattle to take shelter from the flood caused by
the angry rain god Indra.
9. Krishna is painted in his virata Rupa.
10. In the right of lord krishna a bright green colour tree.
11. The Illustration of trees, shrubs, grass, deer, monkey, The herd of cow is painted very realistically in mughal
style in the lower part of painting.
12. While a little bit dark blue coloured sky is visible from its top most part.

Falcon on Bird Rest

1. Artist - Ustad Mansoor
School – Mughal
Period - Jahangir
Medium- water colour
Technique - Tempera
Circa- 1618-19
Collection- Maharaja sawai singh Museum, Jaipur
2. In his famous painting falcon on the bird Rest Mansoor has painted.
3. He was specialist in painting variety of Birds as well as master of portraits.
4. This falcon was gifted to Jahangir by shahabbas the emperor of Iran late it was killed by cat.
5. The bird is painted in white against the yellow background which is contrasted with the brownish black feather of
its folded wings.
6. Its sharp beak & Round vigilant eyes painted in shade of light brown & deep yellow in ocher look very natural.
7. Three word are written "Jahangir- Paat- span' at the top and"bahari" near the falcon in the middle and ‘uttam’
bottom of painting.
8. A thin thread around falcon’s neck is also painted.
9. This is one of the famous painting of the world.

Kabir & Raidas

1. Artist- Ustad Faquirullah Khan
Period - shahjahan
School - Mughal
Medium – water colour
Technique - Tempera on handmade paper
Circa- 1640 AD
Collection- N.M, N.D
2. This miniature painting was painted by UFK in 1640 AD in request of Dara shikoh paid due request to
subis & saints.
3. This painting saint kabir is weaving both the side his hut in rural area.
4. The othet great saint Raidas is sitting Close to him with mala of beads.
5. Both saints have tied turbans on there head.
6. The tracing of ribs on half naked body apparent.
7. Both saints seen discussing on some mystery.
8. The painting brings forth the simple & peaceful life in Indian village where work & worship go hand in
hand.
9. The colours used are shade of brown & the border of this painting is blue .
→ Saint Kabir is painted beside his hut weaving his loom.
His companion saint Raidas is sitting close by with mala of beads in his hands.

Marriage procession of Dara shikoh

1. Artist - Haji Madni
Period - Provincial Mughal
School - Mughal
Medium- Water colour
Technique - Tempera on handmade paper.
Circa - 1740-50 AD
Collection - NM,ND.
It's a painting of wedding procession of Dara shikoh.
2. In this painting a well decorated Dara shikoh is shown sitting on a decorated horse, back he is leading his
marriage procession himself.
3. His father mughal emperor shahajaan is also shown riding on another horse just behind him.
4. A light blue halo around shahjahan's head is shown to mark him special.
5. Some of the royal people of the barat are shown sitting on different horses and some are on foot.
6. The illustration of large no. of horses of different colours.
7. Some women are also riding on elephants on background and some drummers beating their drum on
elephant .
8. The large no. of men women and young children of bride party is joyful receiving the barat.
9. Most of the figures of miniature are shown profile and few are in semi- profile.
10. All the people of both parties are dressed in bright colours garments decorated with golden colour.
11. They are dancing , clapping ,singing and enjoying and holding candles in their hands.
12. The lively and brilliant light produced by burning firework is painted nicely in this miniature.
13. The perspective of whole composition and border decorated are made very carefully .
 Origin & Development Of Mughal School
→ Humayun before he could consolidate his empire he was driven to exile by shershah suri an usurper in
1540, he took shelter under the persain safavid ruler.
→ He met two young master Khwaja abdus samad and mir sayyid Ali of Tabrez & shiraz
→According to some critics Humayun before his death in 1556 had set his Artists to take up illustrating ,
the great & the earliest mughal manuscript. Dastan-i-Amir - Hamza popularly known as Hamza-Nama while
he was still in Kabul in 1550.
→ The Hamza-Nama series, Illustration popular romantic stories with many legends of propnet
Muhammad’s uncle & is considered a popular book in the Persian literation painted on cloth .
→Akbar succeeded to one at age of 13 in 1556 he built up the great imperial.
→He Himself had received training in art by Khwaja Abdus samad in his childhood.
→ Hindu painter- Baswan, Jagannath, Mukund, Miskin, Mahesh, Madhav by Abul Fazal his Ain-i-Akbari.
→The 1st series of illustration for Dastan-i–Amir Hamza ( Hamza Nama) which began in Humayun time in
1550 (or 1556) took 25 year to finish in 1575( or 1582).
→Persian manuscripts like ( Hamza Nama) Sadi's gulistana (moral tales ) Hafiz Diwan or the Persian version
of Mahabharata (Razm Nama) Ramayana.
→ The Illustration of historical manuscript is a distinct contribution by Akbar Taswirkhana. There
include Tarık - i - Alfi (History of the world), Jami - al - Tawarikh ( History of mongoles), Darab Nama,
shanama, Taimur Nama, babar Nama.
→ The sphere of spiritual work of akbar ruler include "yoga vashist (Hindu – vedant philosopher ) &
Nafthat-ul- uns ( breaths of fellow ship) the book on sufi saints.

Features Of Mughal School

1. Mughal miniature is male dominated in character.
2. No painting was done by a single artist but was a collective effort of 2 to 5 artist.
3. In Jahangir ruler the nature is shown in the delightful painting of the birds , animals and flowers .
4. During his ruler gorgeous & bright colours were replaced by softless enamel colours.
5. The artist painted for desire and pleasure of king.
6. The calligraphic inscription ‘halo’ around the emperors head & Decorative hasiah (border) are the special
feature in this style.
7. They use to pay much respect ,name & fame to its artists.
8. Mughal painting are based on indian and non Indian stories.
9. The artist of mughal school also painted the favorite topics of their masters like royal splendour, hunting
scene, night scene, luxury nature beauty, birds & animals.
10. The carpet on the floor are full of beautiful designs.
11. The composition of crowded scene is very lively in mughal minature involving too many forms and
figures, trees, plants, rivers,mountains .
12. The decoration of garments & ornaments done in mughal school is also marvellous.
13. Hunting scenes of mughal school are full of nice discription of elephant, horses, lions, tigers, goats.
14. Ustad mansoor was a noted birds painter of this school whose matchless painting of falcon is world
known.
15. The portraits of hindu saints like tulsidas meeru, surdas, sufi saints, shekh salim , chishti, saint Kabir,
shekh pool added another feature to the beauty of school.
16. Profile face is the main feature of the mughal school.
17. Specially designed painted ornaments border around the painting reflect th effect of persian style on
mughal school.
18. The brightness of colours used in mughal school direct colours have been used without mixing.
19. The use of gold & silver from crown to footwears reflected the royal luxury of mughal.
20. Every mughal ruler was very much found of portrait painting. Border made floral designs.

Deccan school
Chand Bibi playing polo
1. Artist-Unknown
Sub school- Golconda
School – Deccan
Medium-water colour
Technique - Tempera on handmade paper
Circa-1750 AD
Collection- N.M. New Delhi
2. Chand Bibi was daughter of Husain Nizam Shah-1 of ahmednagar. She was the great muslim female
warrior of Indian history& great known for defending Ahmedmagar against the mughal forces of Akbar.
3. Chand Bibi playing polo with three other maid/ partner.
4. All the 4 are sitting on horse back. All the 4 horses are drawn in 4 different colours red, yellow, white,
blue.
5. There is another figures on the ground who is may be directing the game.
6. Two players are trying to possess the ball with their polo sticks, horses are properly decorated.
7. All the five female figures are covered with head gear.
8. They are wearing multi-coloured ghaghra and cholis.
9. The polo ground is painted in green colour & reflect on the persain style.
10. In foreground a pond with flowers & six water birds in semi circle formation has been painted. The
flowers are of Red, Blue & white colour.
11. In the background the sky has been painted in deep blue with a sun, there is a fort near the horizon
with trees in dark colour here & there.
12. In upper & lower part of the painting wide margins with green & yellow colours have been shown.
In the middle of margins in yellow part has been done calligraphic work with black colour in persian style.

Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya & Amir Khusro

1. Artist- unknown
Sub school- hyderabad
School- Deccan
Medium - Water colour
Technique - Tempera on handmade paper
Circa- 1750 - 70 A.D.
Collection - N.M. New Delhi

2. This is a beautiful tempera miniature painting of hyderabad a sub school of Deccan of 29x22 cm.
3. In this painting sufi saint Hazrat Nizamuddi -Auliya has been shown in green colour clothes wearing a
headgear white beard is giving him speciality.
4. Behind his head a yellow-coloured halo in form of the sun has been shown.
5. Amir Khusro is wearing brown angrakha and turban. He has tied a red colours waistband.
6. Nigamuddin Auliya is shown listening a soft song from his beloved (dear) disciple Amir Khusro in a
peaceful & silent atmosphere.
7. Both are sitting on a specially designed wide platform covered with yellow carpet in a beautiful open
garden.
8. Amir khusro sitting on his knees playing a musical instrument.
9. The courtyard is surrounded on all the four side with a red coloured lattice.
10. The front part of the steps has been shown with three dimensional effect.
11. On Both side of the way the flowering beds have been made..
12. In back side the clear blue sky has been shown, on the horizon the flowering plants have been shown.
13. A big tree has also been shown on which red & yellow coloured fruits & flowers have been shown.
 Origin & development- Deccan School

→ The Deccan school is known from the miniature painting rendors from 16th century to 19th century at bijapur.
ahmednagar, galkonda & hyderabad.
→Deccan islamic painting indicates a special painting style that developed during a limited period from 1347 to 1627
& ended with the death of Ibrahim Adil shah of Ahmednagar.
→The Deccan sultans are mystery today. They were indifferent to history and left a few accounts of their lives from
thousands of manuscripts only about 200 copies of them are left.
→Ali Adil-shah-1 of Bijapur (1558-80) got the manuscript Nazum-ul- ulm (science of the stars) illustrated.
→The bijapur court encouraged Indian music under the care of adil-shah-1 & Ibrahim Adil shah 2- produced the
earliest series of Ragmala painting noted among such painting are gouri Ragini, rag hindala & sri raga
→Deccan school of miniature painting was developed in the Narmada and krishna rivers in south India during (1560-
1800) AD.
→Though Deccan school is contemporary to mughal school but It developed differently.
→One can see the impact of Chinese, mughal , European, Persian & even Arabian painting on Deccan school.
→In spite of these basic nature looks like Hindu murals of vijaynagar temples.
→The decorative details 3 dimensional effects use of repetitive motifs, elongated human beings & symmetrical
architectures. make deccani miniature look special.

Features of Deccan school

1. Deccan school miniature are highly decorative.
2. Elongated Human beings, repetitive motifs, symmetrical architecture realistic trees, shrubs, animals & birds.
3. Colour used in them are rich & bright but style of application is different from that of northern region.
4. Used golden colour add extra charm to these painting.
5. Deccan painting have highly balance composition & intense colours.
6. Deccan school painted tall fair, complexioned & emotionally charged males & sensuous looking females.
7. Lovely face, large wide open eyes, bold feature, broad forehead, high necks, oversized jewellery, tall & slender
figures
8. Blue, red & pink are the chosen colours In the deccan school.
9. The sky & foreground are generally of the same size or have slight difference in the size.
10. Fine calligraphy, high horizon, prussian blue sky, golden, background & pink mountains.
 National flag

1. The evolution of Indian flag, the tri colour reflects the political development In the country during 20th century.
2. ( 1st Flag )The 1st National flag of India was hosted on august 7,1906 in parsee bagan square (greenpark) calcutta.
3. The flag was composed of 3 equal horizontal stripes of green, yellow, Red. The green stripe on top had eight white
lotus embossed in a row. The word vande matram was Inscribed in deep blue on the middle yellow stripe in devnagri
script. The red stripe at the bottom had sun in white on the left & the star in white on right.

(2nd Flag)The 2nd flag came out in 1921 when gandhi was at the helm of Indian National Congress During its (now
vijayawada) session on Andhra youth Pingali venk aiyah prepared a flag handed it to Gandhi if It was two colours
was red & green representing the two major communities (Hindu & Muslim) & a large charkha extending to both the
bands as a symbol of progress.

(3rd Flag) On July 22, 1947 constituent Assembly adapted a new flag as free India national flag with saffron at top,
white at middle & green at bottom in equal proportions & charkha to be replaced by chakra in navy blue which
appears on the lion capital of Ashok at sarmath as Dharm chakra . 24 spokes represented 24 hours of a day.
Saffron-courage & sacrifice
White - Trust & peace
Green- faith & happiness.

Contribution of Indian artist towards National freedom Movement

→Under the planned propaganda (Publicity) the british were trying to prove that India has no national identity of its
own.
→ At no time before anything in India has been labelled as Indian.
→ It was the last 150 years of british rule & its impact that led to spirit to search for Indians (National Identity)
→Aim of the bengal school was to regenerate the patriotism to explore India's past & recollect Indian cultural values
in the field of Art by boycotting foreign trends & means.
→Along with the artists this school also Inspired scholars poets, reformers thinkers philosophers & musicians etc.
→ To join the main stream of the struggle for national freedom movement.
→Dr. Aanand Kumar swami the most noted writer of Indian Art a pioneer historian & scholar published a book Art &
Swadeshi In 1910, which was regarded as a menifest of Art of India.
→ This book gave a plea to return to those Indian sources & ideas which were being demolished by british political
fervor.
→In 1907 Indian society for oriental Arts was founded in London by EB Havell, Abindranath & Gaganendranath
Takur.
→ 2 monthly magazines "Modern Review" & "Pravasi" edited by Ramananda chatterji & published by the society
printed at studio London & studio International USA created awakening to art and Indian Artistic heritage.
→ This society also organised the exhibition of painting of Abindranath Tagore Nandlal Bose, K. Venkatapa,
Ganganendranath Takur & Shailendera Nath dey in 1903 on international stage which brought appreciation for
Indian Art & fulfilled the aim of Bengal school.
→ In this series Nandlal Bose copied the painting of Ajanta & painted his famous line drawing "Dandi" March of
Mahatma Gandhi
→He also painted about 60 paintings on handmade paper for Haripura congress of the request of Mahatma Gandhi.

Bengal school
Journey’s end

1. Artist - Abindranath Tagore

Period- Modern
Medium-Water colour
Technique- Wash
Circa- 1937AD
Collection – NGM. New Delhi
2. The painting with & wash technique of water colour was painted by abindranath tagore.
3. Journey end was 1st published in the bengali Magazine Prabas
4. In this picture has been shown a camel with yellow brown colour & massive goods laden on has back tied with
Rope shown by the proper combination of blue black brown & yellow colour.
5. Foreground is painted in the darker tones of the same colour to enhance the scene of pain.
6. The massive load laden on his back in the symbol of his ultimate exploitation & outage by his owner.
7. Never the less this animal wants to be stay faithful to his owner.
8. Therefore, with all the power & courage he tries to stand up again.
9. His half closed eyes & tiredness expressess that work done by camel is much more than his capacity.
10. His front leg are shown bent on his knees while his back leg are upright.
11. His head is painted some high from the ground as if he has a desire to get up once again.
12. The sky is shown with the diffused light of sunset in the background & a tint blue colour is given at the place
when the camel died.
13. The whole environment & main object is made the most realistic.

Abindranath Tagore (1871-1951)

1. He was born on August 7 , 1871 at Jorasanka calcutta, in tagore family. He was nephew of Rabindranath. He was in
10 year younger than him.
2. Creativity was inherent part of tagore Residence.
3. He was a student of sanskrit college from (1881-1890), he also learn music "for few years.
4. Then he started learning art under European teacher “ O Cilhardi & "C.L palmer" in western academic technique..
5. Later he come in the contact of’ E.B Havell’ principle of madras school of Art.
6. who inspired him to pursue the technique followed mughal painting..
7. He also get an opportunity to understand the art & culture of china & Japan.
8. He mixed the mughal rajput & Ajanta style with the combination of chinese & Japanese style which finally became
his original style called wash techique.
9. Abindranath studied the Rajput & Mughal school of painting after wards he began a series of painting base on
krishnaleela & followed It by " Arabian Night" series which fused myth & the contemporary life of Calcutta.
10. In 1907 when he was the principal of govt. school of Art calcutta he formed” Indian society of oriental Art".
11. This later on become an important platform for the Display of Indian Art.
12. The society exhibited Indian painting on international stage and increased the reputation of Indian Art.
13. Being a good teacher Abindranath also wanted that every students should develop his own style & should have a
sound knowledge of out art & culture..
14. By his effort so many Art schools were opened at different place of the country & mostly his students headed the
same.
15. His 2 mains gifts to Indian Art world are a series of “Natural landscapes" & "world of portraits” made in pastel &
water color.
16. He wrote approximately 20 books in bengla language & 2 books on art in english namely” some notes on Indian
Artist anatomy" & Khadhanga.
17. He also worked on small statue called Kattum- Kattam made from waste materials and easily available object..
18. Abindranath self established himself as the father of Modern Indian Painting .
19. He was a real teacher & true artist.
20. Painting - Landscapes, world of portraits, birth of buddha, buddha & Sujata, santhal girl going towards Kashmir ,
Ganesh Jahani , Radha Krishna, omar khyyam, Journey's end.

Shiv & Sati

1. Artist - Nandlal Bose
Medium- water colour
Technique- wash
Circa - 1947
Collection- NGM. New Delhi

2. Shiv & Sati is beautiful wash painting of Nandalal Bose.

3. It is one of series of his wash painting based on Shiv mythology.
4. He transformed religious prototype worship from of lord shiva to simple person of eternal youth who give lesson
to everyone from & his work & behavior.
5. His shiva in a new look infact, represent shiva- tatva the essence of shavisim on new spiritual platform..
6. In this painting we feel internal peace and sorrow is spread everywhere because sati's body is shown in the lap of
Shiva.
7. The face of shiva is shown in deep meditation.
8. There is a halo shown around the head of shiva.
9. The flat colour used in this painting but the plasticity of sati body is shown by drawing.
10. The outline of the whole composition is smooth rhythmic and sharp.
11. The soft and monochromatic effect of the mixture of white, yellow, ocher, orange, brown and black is nice.

Nandlal Bose

1. Nandlal Bose is one of the most prominent & main artist of Indian pre birth of art. He is known as a second major
painter of Bengal school of Abindranath.
2. His painting represent on mixed of tradition & modernity.
3.He was born on December 3, 1883 at Kharagpur Monghyr in bihar, he had in born artistic talent.
4. Before joining art college he used to make image of Godess Durga and Tajia-gohara of Muharram in his village.
5. He liked to copy the works of great artist . He completed education from Art school under the guidance of
Abindranath.
6. He got 1st appreciation in the field of Art through his painting" sati" & "sati deh tyag" in the 1st exhibition of the
Indian society of oriental Art in 1907 where he won a cash prize of 500/-.
7. He spent one year (1910-11) in copying Ajanta painting with lady Harringham a british mural painter.
8. He was very much impressed by rythm & flow of lines used in Ajanta.
9. In 1911 he made 26 illustration from Ramayana in Ajanta style.
10. He worked in his own style enriched by intimate experience of Ajanta, Jain, Rajput & mughal Art & led the
massage of swadeshi in practical aspect.
11.He decorated the pandals for 3 continuously sessions of India National Congress in 1935, 1936 & 1937 in lucknow,
faizpur & Haripura on the request of Gandhiji & contributed in freedom movement.
12. He painted in numberable paintings of hindu gods & goddesses.
13. His work in wash & mural painting done on the wall of Kala-Wahavan Santiniketan reflect his artistic calibre.
14. His famous line drawing are "dandi March “ in linocut & "veena vadini in pen & ink.
15. He also illustrated "Jatak stories. He prepared 53 batik designs for decoration of the back of tagore publication.
He published his book shilpa charcha based on the technique used in Indian Art.
16. At the request of Pt. Jawahar lal Nehru, he designed the different forms of the lotus for sivilian award
Padmashree, Padmabhushan & Padmavi bhushan.
17. He also designed "Bharat Ratna award in the form of small leaf of the aswatha tree.
18. He was a principal at Kala Bhavan (college of Art & craft) santiniketan during 1922-1951.
19. He was popularly known as master masai among his students.
20. In 1951 he received the degree of desikottam from visvabharati university santiniketan (W.B).
21. The govt. of India awarded him Padmavibhushan in 1954. He received honorary D. lit. Degree from banaras hindu
university, in 1950 from Calcutta university in 1955 & from rabindra bharti university in 1955 for his Art work.
22 . The academy of fine art calcutta honoured Medal him with a silver jubilee medal in 1958. In 1965 the Asiatic
society of Bengal awarded him the tagore Birth centenary Medal.
 Radhika
1. Artist- M.A.R. chunghtai
Period- Modern
Medium - water colour
Technique - wash
Circa - 1940
Collection- N. G. M. Art, New Delhi (National Gallery Musem)
2. Radhika is one of the beautiful wash. painting of M.A.R. Chunghtai 1940 AD.
3. In this painting Indian lady is shown Coming out of her room.
4. Her face is profile, head is down & eyes are in graceful look with sharp eyebrows.
5. Her left foot is in forward motion.
6. She is holding lotus flower in her both hand.
7. Her left hand is shown near face while right hand is hanging down in a typical posture.
8. A honeybee sitting on the flower on the flower-right hand flower.
9. She is wearing light purple lehenga, red blouse & yellow odhani.
10. Her hair is painted in black & brown combination & reaches up to her back.
11. She is wearing well finished pearl necklace with pendent & thread necklace along with a beautiful pendant.
12. In background a lamp along with lampshad is shown with burning flame & smoke.
13. The wrinkles of the clothes have been shown by darking the same colour.
14. She has bangles in her hand's & Rings in fingers.
15. The background is made beautiful by the fusion of Red yellow & Black colours.

Md. Abdul Rehman Chughtai (1899-1975)

1. He was born on sept 21, 1899 at lahore in the family of famous mughal architects who designed the layouts of taj
mahal, red fort & Jama masjid during the rule of mughal emperor shahjahan.
2. His father wanted him to be an engineer chugtai himself choose painting as his career.
3. He took admission in Maya school of Art lahore in 1911, after completing his study he joined as a teacher litho
department of the same institution in 1916.
4. He went to london to learn print making European style of painting did not impress him.
5. He returned & joined bengal school under Abanindranath tagore.
6. He learnt wash painting from ukil brothers of Delhi.
7. He painted beauty & Romance of traditional Indian miniature Rajasthani, bahari, mughal & Ajanta etc. in wash
technique.
8. His style displays a strong sense of line scale and form many of his painting miniature.
9. He used to exhibit his painting in london, paris,berlin,Philadelphia. After the partition of the country he went &
settled in lahore.
 Megh doot
1. Artist - Ramgopal
Period - Modern
Medium- Water Colour
Circa- 1940
Technique - Wash
Collection- NG of M art New Delhi
2. Ramgopal painted the theme meghdoot in 3 separate series base on famous Sanskrit classic abhigyan
shakuntalam written by Kalidas.
3. Each series consist of 60 to 70 painting.
4. With the excellent colour co-ordination of this painting has been delineated in artist style.
5. Yaksha & yakshani are riding & flying on white cottony clouds have been shown.
6. Yaksh's curly hair, earing made of pearls a pearl necklace on the throat excellent body structure smile on face.
7. Feeling of softness in hand fingers ,taking a lotus flower in his right hand .
8. Clothes decorative with the highlight shades of green colour in them (cloth) & rhythmicity of colour full lines.
9. The Yakshini is shown sitting behind the yaksha with he back sticking to her & right hand on her chest like 2 lovers
are embraced.
10. Yakshini hair have been shown tied with white flowers band.
11. A beautiful necklace made of pearls is appearing around her throat.
12. She is covering her breast with pink coloured cloth below the lorn is wearing a bright yellow cloth on which have
been shown wrinkles.
13. On her legs are anklets as Jewellery are both the hands she has worn armlets.
14. The feeling of love in eyes lips & smile on lips is seen obviously.
15. The colour of sky has been shown blue in upper side & down near the clouds becoming light..
16. 4 white birds have been shown flying in her foreground.

Ramgopal vijayvargiya

→ Ram gopal was born at a small village name karauli in sawai madhopur district in Rajasthan in 1905.
→ His father bharwan lal taking into though of art admitted him in Maharaja school of Art & craft there he got
education under the supervision of Guru shailendra nath dey.
→He worked as the principal of Rajasthan School of Art from 1945 - 1966.
→ He learned especially wash technique of Bengal school. He was a well known poet & write.
→ His figure & forms speak themselves. He painted human being having graceful curve body, soft smiling face, half
closed done Iike eyes ,thin arms & long tapering fingers.
→He painted several 1000 painting & more than 250 of them are in various part of world.
→He was awarded padmashree in 1984 from govt. of India.
→ His famous work are vijayvargiya picture albam, Meghdoot, chitrawali, Kumar sam bhavee, umar khaiyan, & bihari
satgai, abhigana shakuntam.
 Origin & Development of Bengal school

1) Indian Art has a rich history & Tradition. It survived in its suggestive, spiritualistic & symbolic from till 18th
century.
2) This Art has the Power to reveal life in Painting through from a colour.
3) After the start of east india company and first war of Independence in 1857 a series of political change breakup
out every wait of life including art & culture.
4) The britishers left no. of stone unturned to finish our greater.
5) To Teach western art three art school were opened at Bombay, Calcutta & Madras where either students were
helpless to copy European art or to make painting as the Miniature of Mughal & western art.
6) The 1st encouragement for revival of India art was used by the famous european artist E. В Havell principle of art
School Madras & later an art school Calcutta.
7) He appreciated Indian art for its own values.
8) He took abanindranath Tagore to fulfill his resolve.
9 ) Abanindranath the 1st artist of this artistic rebirth.
10) He motivated & inspired abanindranath to study the technique used to Mughal, Pahari, Rajput & Ajanta painting
to create a new style.
11) After that abanindranath painted a series of "Radha Krishna painting”.
12) E. B Havell & Dr Anand Kumar swami increased the popularity of abanindranath by exhibiting his painting .
13) After the foundation of archeological survey of India in 1902. The beauty of Indian art all over the world.
14) His main students were Nandlal Bose, Asit Kumar Haider, K. venkattpa, surengangully, Dev Prasad Roy,
choudhary who exhibited their painting on international stage.
15) We can say that it was Havell's construction idea, decisions, inspiration, & keen effort of Patriotic abanindranath
that gave rebirth to Indian art & laid the foundation stone of Bengal school.
16) Indian sentiments are deeply routed in Bengal school.
17) Its main aim was to regenerate the patriotism & to re- establish Indian cultural values.
18) Under the guidelines of Bengal school several new art school of lahore, lucknow,Calcutta, Madras Delhi, Jaipur,
Mysore were opened all over the country by him & his students efforts.
19) Gurudev Ravidranath start teaching of art at santiniketan as a separate Department called Kala Bhawan Nandlal
Bose was the head of painting department there.
 Bengal school features
1. Bengal artists gave a sense of direction to the 1st art movement of country.
2. The base of Bengal school was full of indian tradition.
3. The bengal artist adopted a new Japanese Water colour technique called wash which mix with European
transparent water colour & Indian tempera.
4. Bengal painters were inspired by Ajanta & Bagh, Mughal & Rajput 8 shilpasatra.
5. During this period all types of painting including religious,social & historical events birds & animals & landscapes.
were painted.
6. The colour are soft w/o shadow The Bangal painted introduced linear delicacy, Rhythm, & grace of Ajanta.
7. Bengal school enriched & preserved the traditional values & saved india from slavery of expression.

Contemporary Artist
Raja Ravi verma (1848-1906)

→Ravi Verma is the most popular Artist of hindus because the olographic of his gods & goddesses are worshiped in
millions of homes.
→He is a member of Royal family of travan core. He got primary education of painting from his uncle & got training
of oil painting from a dutch painter name Theodoree Jensen.
→He is known as the introduced of new medium oil on canvas.
→He was born on april 1848 in a small village killimanoor of kerala state in a royal family.
→Raja Ravi Verma has rebirth the indian themes in European style by his own technique.
→He painted Indian themes in European style based on great Hindu Ramayana & Mahabharta.
→He used southern women a models for his painting of sita sakuntala & other ladies
→His other famous painting are sukeshi, Srikrishina, The victory over Indrajeet Harishchandra Ravan & Jatayu,
Indian fruit seller, All are painted in oil.

BENGAL SCHOOL FEATURES

1. Bengal artists gave a sense of direction to the first art movment of the Country
2 .The base of Bengal School was full of Indian traditions,
3. The Bengal artist adopted a new Japanese water Colour technique called wash which mix with Europeen
transparent water colour and Indian
4. Bengal painters and were inspired by Ajanta, Bagh Mughal and Rajput and shilpaşasta
5. During this period all types of painting including religious Social and historical events birds, and animals and
landscapes were painted.
6 . The colour are soft without shadow on The Bengal Painted introduced linear de licacy, rhythm and grace of
Ajanta.
7. The bengal School enriched and preserved the traditional Values, and saved India from the slavery of expression.
 CONTEMPORARY ARTIST
RAJA RAVI VARMA
→ Raja Ravi varma (1848-1906) - Ravi Varma is the most popular Artist of hindus because the welages of his gods and
goddesses are worshiped in millions of homes.
→ Raja Ravi varma a member of the Royal family of travancaze. He got primary education of painting from his uncle
and got training of oil painting from a dutch painter name THEODORE JENSEN.
→ He is known as the introduced of new medium oil on canvas.
→He was Born on April 1848 in a small village Killimona of Kerala state in a royal family.
→Raja Ravi varma has rebirth the Indian thems in European style by his own technique.
→ He painted Indian themes in European style based on great Hindu Ramayana and Mahabharata.
→He used Southern women a models for his models for his painting of sita sakuntala & other ladies
→His other famous painting are "Sukeshi, saswikrit The victory over Indrajit, Harishchandra, Ravan and Jatayu,
Indian fruit Seller, All are painted in oil.

Rama vanquishing the pride of the ocean

1. Artist-Raja Ravi varma
Medium – oil colour on canvas.
Circa-late 10th century
Collection-chitra shala, Mysore
2.This is a famous mythological painting of Raja Ravi Varma painted on an important episode of Valmiki Ramayana.
3.The painting, shows the roma anger at the ocean for his non co operation to give the way for lanka.
4. Ram wanted to Construct a temporary bridge over the ocean to reach lanka with his forces for bringing back his
wife sita from ravan.
5. Ram threatened , Varuna" god of water that he was able to dry the ocean from his bow and arrow.
6. Varun along with his wifes speedly came forward and requested Rama not to dry the ocean, the he allowed angry
rama to build a bridge on the ocean.
7. Ram has been shown rock of the shore near ocean in angry mood holding a bow in his left hand and arrow in the
right hand.
8. His clothes give the feeling of blowing the air.
9. The wave advancing very swiftly from the ocean toward the shore striking off the rock seem to be dispersing like
white milk.
10. Middle of the distant waves have been shown three human figure.
11. In the middle the big shape is of ocean (the god of sea who has shown lifting both his hand up request sri Rama
not to do So while two small shape are the gods of aquatic creatures who are afraid and prey Sri Rama for the
Forgivenes of the animal.
12. Bright flash of lighting has been shown in the middle of sky.
13. Brown, Blue, yellow and peach colours are special in the Composition.
14. Now it is Collection of chitrashala mysore.
 M.F. Hussain (1981-2011)

Magbol fida hussain was born on september In pandhapur, Madhya pradesh . After his mother death in childhood,
his father move to indoor. He got primary education. He come to Bombay at the age of 22 and take the admission to
j.j school of art . But he had possible to leave the school soon and maintain himself by painting Cinema hoarding. In
1947 his printing "sunehra Sansar" was shown in the exhibition of Bombay art Society and series Exhibitions from
1948 to 5o Brought hussain work to notice of the public all over india. There he joined as a member of progressive
Artist group in 1947. Early in his wife, he was attracted by Basohli painting and he used to use bright Contastied
Colours in his painting. The series of his painting based on the ramayana and Mahabharata are world famous M.F
Hussain expressed, violence, injustice and dejection in his many painting in mother teresa has been visible love ,hope
who received PADMASHREE in 1968, PADMABHUSHAN in 1973 and PADMAVIBHUSAN in 1989, D. lit of Banaras
university . He had painted and sketched oil, acrylic, water, çharcoal. He painted horse, social life, Ramayana,
Mahabharata, Buddha life, Bangladesh war, Mother teresa, Mudhuri dixit, Madona. He always tried to experiment in
the latest theme and style based in indian art. he had gone on from filen to still photography, from architecture, to
sculpted, furniture, from poster from toy to jewellery.
A golden era in Modern India art ended on june 9 2011 at the royal Brompton hospital in London.

Mother Teresa

1. Artist - M. f. Hussain
Medium - oil and acrylic on canvas
Circa-1979 AD
Period – Modern
Collection - M.G.M. Art, New Delhi
2. M. f. Hussain begin the series mother Teresa in 1979.
3. The painting are done in different medium like oil, acrylic, etc.
4. In the famous painting world famous friendly mother teresa and different work from related to human sensations
have been show begin done by her institutions.
5. The painter has extended the blue borderd white" Saree in such a way that the colourless face might become
dominant without describing sentiments like religion, Caste, breed.
6. On the side of the saree she is giving shelter to an friendly girl who represents the orphan homeless children has
been shown.
7. One the other side the painter has shown a Sick person lying on his knees.
8. The right Hand seems Symbolizes them of keeping hope, Comfort and guts.
9. In the shadow of the shape of Blue bordered yellow Saree he has show green Coloured leaves infusing in them the
nurturing of an child of all happiness of life in friendly lap.
10. In this was by dividing the picture in three phase the painter has expressed his feeling.
11. Line are bold sharp and full of expression.
 Jamini Roy (1887-1942)

 Jamini Roy was one of the greatest painter of 20th century . Jamini Roy was born in a small landlord family in
in beliator village, Bankura district in west Bengal in 1887 A.D.
 Enrolled himself in the goverment School of Art and Craft . Calcutta in 1903 under abanindranath tagore,
 After completing his education he did not like to work either in traditional style of Bengal Shool or in
european Impressionist style.
 He start a new style in 1921 based on folk Art and rural life.
 He took inspiration from patua's of Kaligat. He was very much fascinated by the bold Sweeping line and
bright colour of Kaligar pats.
 Jamini roy style has unique novation and modernity along with traditionalism.
 He used cloth, wood, even mats coated with lime as painting Surface and painted with natural colours.
 He painted them from Ramayana ,Radha Krishna, jesus Christ, and daily life of rural Bengalis and santhalis.
 The government of india award him padmabhushan in 1955.

Mother and child

1. Artist - Jamini Roy

Circa- 1930 AD
Medium- water colour
Technique - Temper
Collection - N.G.M. Art,New Delhi

2. The picture has been painted with tempera technique of water colour in 1930 AD by jamini Roy in which has been
shown infinite love between a mother and child.
3. A standing mother is holding her naked child with left hand her left waist.
4. Both of them have fish shaped open eyes and bold eyebrows.
5. The shape of their face look like a cup and has Cool and silent expression love.
6. They are decorated perfectly with white colour.
7. Mother right hand palm is red.
8. She is wearing brown saree of green border decorated with black lines.
9. on the left lower part of this vertical work a flowering stem of the plant is show.
10. The final decoration done in bold lines is very sharp which make detailed composition very rhythmic and
attractive.
11. Perfect used of vermilliom yellow, ocher, brown ,green , Blue, Black and white colour is given extra look to this
folk type painting.
12. This work resemble with kaligat pat work.
 Amrita shergil (1913-1940)

 Amrita shergil was born in Budapest Hungary in January 30 1913 of Hungarian mother and indian father of
Sikh royal family.
 The family returned to india after the 1st world war in 1921.
 Extraordinary intrest in art she was admitted to Ecole Nationale an Art School in france ,Paris under Lucien
Simon where she got Capacity in making of oil painting.
 She was deeply influneced the European post impressionist painter paul cezanne, paul gauging and the
Modigliani .
 She returned to india in 1934 and travelled ancient art site Ajanta ellora and far South For study purpose.
 She also studied indian miniature. He's first show was in shimla in 1935 and then followed by at Delhi,
Bombay, Hyderabad, allahabad.
 Her work reflect a strong union of the western and indian Art.
 She painted inner reality of pain and hoplessness of indian people.
 The down face, Cast eyes, simple appearanceand helpers hand painting mirors, she also worked on nude
masses.
 She made about painting the goverment of india are in Collection national gallery of modern Art.
 Painting Name- Hill women (1935) , Red clay elephant (1938), The Red Varanda, Resting , Women Resting in
a charpai.

Hald grinder
1. Artist - Amrita shergil
Circa - 1940
Medium- oil on canvas
Collection- N.G.M. Art New Delhi

2. Amrita shergil first woman painter from india is the artist behind this beautiful work of Art done in oil on canvas in
year 1940.
3. The painting scene of typical real village life of india.
4. The colour composition of this painting is simple neat and rhythmic.
5. In this painting three women and a young girl wearing a regional dress are shown sitting behind two huge trees.
6. Two of them are grinding haldi with a small stone flour machine called janta.
7. One of them is in light yellow saree and shown wearing heavy silver anklet in her leg.
8. While other is in green saree and Red Kurta.
9. Third woman wearing black saree and brown kurta is shown sitting away from them in deep thoughts.
10. She has kept her hand painted in red on her head.
11. A girl is shown sitting in front of these two haldi grinders.
12. She is holding a plant in her right hand and is in Salwar and dark brown kameez.
13. Few raw haldi pieces are seen lying beside her.
14. All are dark complexion.
15. There face are not visible as they are covered with saree.
16. The foreground is painted red and background is painted is a shade of green giving a rustic village charm to the
painting.

Kamlesh dutt

 Kamlesh dutt is a scholar educationist writer and painter of his time. He was the follower of ‘sameekshavadi’
Art movement for which they gathered inspiration from indian philosoply and culture.
 Sameekshabad is the first indigenous art moment in modern indian started in 1974.
 This Art movement was started by Pof. Ramchandra Shukla (1925-201) a famous painter, Art Critic,
educationist and writer.
 He was HOD painting faculty of visual Art Banaras Hindu University ,Varanasi.
 Sameekshabadi painter are motivated by day to day happenings and are sensitive to political and Social.
Scenario in which they live.
 Its basic purpose is to supervise the role of art so that It can inspire educate and awaken people for a better
life and style.
 The Social, political and economical problem of india is depressing.
 Life is becoming insecure and helpless.
 Poverty, Cast system, dowry system, gambling and drinking are at heights.
 They paint on such subjects in symbolic and satirical language .
 Awaken people to fight againt the evils of the Society.
 Some Sameekshabadi artist-R.N.Mishra ,S.K. Singh, R.S. Dhir ,V.P mishra, G.M. chaturvedi and Bala Dutt
pandey.
 He was awarded for his research work on Bhartiya kala mein Nari chitran.
 The Vulture

1. Artist- Kamlesh Dutt,

Period -Modern
Medium-oil
Circa-1980
Collection- Artist personal Collection.
2. The vulture is an oil on canvas painted by sameekshabadi painter Kamlesh Dutt in 1980.
3. The subject of this painting is the devil of dowry system and female harassment which is related in a Sour.
4. Sense of helpless, insecurity, and pain in women are depicted in a very effective manner.
5. The painting shows how the dignity on and manner of the female is being crushed in the male dominated Society.
6. Our Society where a female is burnt alive, hanged or kill for dowry .
7. The background of this painting is of a dark room in which a young lady is seen hanging from the ceiling and
burning cider is painted below her feet.
8. A vulture is seen sitting on a table with her jewellery box and trying to snatch her chain with its beak.
9. The vulture and background are painted in shades of blue and lady is wearing a pink colour blouse and white cloth
draped on her body below waist till her knees.
10. Her hands being behind her body are not seen.
11. Her navel is shown lifeless with.
12. Her body appears lifeless no expression on her face.
13. On the left lower part of the the painting a part of the Kalash with Aamarapllava and a swastik Symbol in white
colour is also seen.
14. Vulture here symbolises the male dominated Society.

Somnath hore(1921-2006)

 Somnath hore was a all round personality in the field of Contemporary art of india. he reflected his
creativeness in various modes of expression drawing, Prinkmaking ,Sculpting.
 He was master of the relief printing media like wood cut wood engraving and multicoloured wood cut .
 He was born in april 1921 in chattagon in the undivided Bengal. He lost his father Rabat Mohan hore at the
age of 13 year.
 His mother inspired him to join communist party.
 In 1945 PC. joshi the communist party leader he joined goverment School of Art Calcutta.
 When Communist party was banned in 1949 his academic career got interrupted .
 Finally he took his diploma from Same College in 1957 as an external candidate inspired by chinese woodcut.
 He started training it and in 1947.
 A scene of meeting addressed by mahatma gandhi a group composition great number of figures with line
drawng only.
  By Completed Solidity Somnath achieved mastery of relief printing media of woodcut, wood engraving ,line
cut and multicolour wood cut.
 He started learning the technique of intaglio printing and by relentless effort mastered it in 1957.
 He was a lecturer in College of Art and draughtsmanship calcutta from 54-55 in 1958 he joined as senior
lecturer and head of graphic art delhi polytechnic and in1968 he was visiting professor in M.S university
baroda and also visiting professor in kala bhawan Santiniketan.
 His colour etching “Birth of Rose” was him second National award in 1962 and third national for dream an
Complex composition with technical marvels in 1963.
 He other noted Composition are standing girl in grief 1964 refugees 1964, unclad beggar family 1966 all had
their birth in the Injury he felt in the Bengal famine pre partition riots Indo pak war 71 and Vietnam war 75.

The children
1. Artist - Somnath hore
Medium - Copper plate
Technique- etching with aquatint,
Circa 1985,
Collection- N.G.M , New Delhi
2. This black and white Composition of catching with was done famous printmaking Artist Somnath in 1955.
3. Basically theme of this work reflects the injustice to innocent and poor people of our society.
4. This is a separate composition of five standing and poor people of our society.
5. Two boys are standing closely with their mother.
6. They are looking helplessly toward a girl standing in their right side.
7. This girl might be their sister whose back portion in visible.
8. One front looking child is shown at the top of the painting.
9. The visible part of his body are face and hand.
10. All member are shown in torn Clothing.
11. A thread is shown in the neck of front standing boy.
12. Their bloated stomach, large head small face,protruding eyes and cheek bones are speaking- about their
shoulders sympathetically.
13. The mother has put her protective hand on their shoulder sympathetically.
14. Now it is a Collection of National G. of Modern Art New Delhi.
 “Jyothi Bhatt “(Jyotindra Manshankar Bhatt)

 A noted graphic printmaker and reputed photographer Jyoti Bhatt is a product of Gujarat.
 He was born at bhawnagar in Gujarat in 1934.
 He took diploma in painting with graphic Art in 1954 and post diploma in creative painting In 1956 from M.S
University baroda under N.s. bendra, K.g. Subramanyam, and sankho choudhary.
 He also did two year course in graphic printmaking from pratt institute USA.
 He got inspiration from folk Art tradition of ruler india.
 In 1970 he learned intaglio method and screen painting .
 His teaching are very fine and have Capacity of giving messages.
 These are well planned in performance and design
 Their texture is very artistic. He has natural Command over line and create fine pattern in embossed intaglio
printing in his own style.
 He won Gold plaque at National exhibition In 1956 and National Award in 1964 by lalit kala Akademi New
Delhi.
 He also got first prize for designing postage stamp in a competition organized by Indian government to mark
silver jubiliee of India's Independence.

The Devi

1. Artist - Jyoti Bhatt

Medium - Brass surface
Technique- Etching
Circa - 1965
Collection – N.G of M Art, New Delhi.
2. Jyoti Bhatt has engraved this graphic print during 1965-70 on a hard surface of Brass with Black line by the
technique of etching .
3. Awakening of Kundalini has been shown.
4. This work is based on the Concept of kundalini power "which lies in the Muladhar chakra (end of the spine) in all
human beings.
5. Any one of us can get empowered with the power of this Kundalini by meditation under guidance of Sidha Guru.
6. When the power arises in a person it generates large power to feel divine pleasure and light forever. pleasure and
7. Jyoti Bhatt shows the female fertility power in the lower part of this Composition and male power in the heart of
Devi.
8. The spiritual grace of Devi is related by two flowers shown on her cheeks.
9. She is shown wearing flowers in her ears.
10. On her symbolically related right palm three word Pseudo , Tantrik and Kundalini are written in english script
while one word "Devi" is written in Devnagari Script.
11. Similarly on her left palm the artist has written his name in english and three word Tantrik, Ram-Ram and Shree
in Devnagari Script.
12. In the midst of serpentine kundalini the word Ram-Ram is also written.
13. On the fore head Bhrikuti (where Soul Resides) of Devi a brilliant Varmillion Colour Bindi make it Beautiful.
14. Her large open eyes resemble the image of goddess Durga.

Anupam Sud (women)

 She was born in 1944 at hoshiarpur in punjab.

 She did her diploma in fine art from College of Arts, New Delhi in 1967.
 Her specialization is in printmaking.
 She got Scholarship from the British Council for learning printmaking at slade school London.
 She completed it during 1971-72. she taught printmaking in Delhi College of Art.
 She has experimented in different areas of graphic medium . she mixes different intaglio processes like
etching, Mezzotint , aquatint with screen print and lithography.
 The beauty of her intaglio and mixed media prints lies in her treatment of light and shade.
 Among her works replete with emotions and face the very important one are "adam andera" and purush and
prakriti.
 She took part in 34 exhibitions National and international and five International print workshops and won 19
time award.
 She also won the president of india Gold plaque. In 1975 at Women Art Exhibition organized by lalit Kala
Akademi New Delhi.

OFFWALL

1. Artist- Anupam sud

Period-Modern
Medium-paper
Technique - lithograph,
Circa – 1982
Collection - N.G.M. Art New Delhi
2. The graphic print has been made by anupam sud in 1982 with the mix lithograph technique and photographic
image.
3. In this picture a widow has been shown in traditional white clothes sitting in a hopless.
4. In front of her only the legs and feet part of her lying dead husband have been shown.
5. On bricked wall behind her picture of live activities are made with white colour reminding that their was a time
when he also was a part of those activities .
6. Her face has been shown with black colour without any expression means she has no being now in this living
world.
7. So Socially she is also dead like her husband .
8. Through the creation the artist has expressed the truth which is the simulation of the life of a lady .

K.laxma Goud
 K. laxma Goud was born 1940 nizampur andhra pradesh
 He took a diploma in drawing and painting 1963 from government College of arts and Architecture
Hyderabad.
 He completed his post diploma in mural painting and printmaking from M.S. University , Baroda .
 For some time he was teacher of performing art and fine art in university of Hyderabad.
 He is known for his powerfull line drawing, etching and water colour.
 His main theme is the interaction between man, animal and nature.
 He want to spread universal message through his creation that co relation all cast in nature is must for our
being.
 He has developed his own special style which is very fine and detailed.
 He lives and work in Hyderabad.
 His works have been exihibited at National and international level.
 He has also painted shown eroticism in nature in disciplined manner in his Graphic print man to goat "goat in
to women”.

Man Women and tree

1. Artist - K.laxma goud

Period-Modern
Medium- paper
Technique - etching and aquatint,
Circa - 1980-20AD
Collection – N.G.M Art, New Delhi
2. The print of this etching and aquatint work is take on a very smooth paper In which a Couple starring each other
in the midst of beautiful shrubs.
3. Three tall tall trees are seen standing behind the man.
4. Only upper portion of his body is visible.
5. The bottom part of the man body is hidden in the shrubs of flower leaves.
6. Young woman is shown in a Saree of dotted print
7. She is wearing a nose ring, a mangal sutra and two bangles in each hand.
8. A one tree is shown behind her .
9. The face expressions of Both man and women are innocent and caring if they were doing the great job of
parenting nature.
 Sculptures(1899-1975)

Devi Prasad Roy Chowdhury

 He was born in 1899 in a Jamidar family at tajhat (now in Bangladesh) rangpur district Bengal.
 He had special talent in drawing, painting and clay modeling by birth.
 His father uma prasad roy chowdhury took him to abanindra nath tagore where he learned drawing and
painting.
 Abanindranath give freedom to his students. He learned life drawing and portrait from Mr. Boiess italian
painter in western technique.
 The age of 22 he made his father clay Sculpture.
 In 1929 he was appointed as principal in Government School of art Madras.
 He started making painting on men, women and labourers activity in work.
 D.P. Roy Choudhury was appointed as the director of lalit Kala Akademi New Delhi and Director of UNESCO
(united National Educational, Scientific and Cultural organization ) art seminar Tokyo
 He was honoured with the degree of D.Litt from Ravindra Bharati vishwavidyalay, Calcutta and padma
bhushan by the government of india.
 He drew figure based on bold line with beautiful colours.
 He had Complete mastery over the use of pen and ink. water colour, oil, pastels, pen and ink.
 The painting "lepcha girl" in 1925 is one such neatly drawn face.
 His painting “Green and gold" in water colour was shown in london exhibition.
 “Nirvana in oil” “Durgapuja procession in oil " "Bridge in pastel” are some of his great paintings.
 He was master of anatomy and early training in Sculpture under Hiranmay Roy Chowdhury.
 He was a genius both in painting and Sculpture.
 The statue of "Mahatma Gandhi “ at Kolkata Cast in bronze in 1958, "Triumph of labour” on Madras beach in
1954", "Martyr Memorial" installed in patha in 1956- bear evidence to the big size achievement of the
Sculptor never equalled in india after him.
 Some painting & Sculpture: lophicha girl, green & gold , Nirvana ,Bridge, Durgapuja, Mahatma gandi ,
triumph of labour, Martyr.

Triumph of labour
1. Artist- d. P. Roy chouwdhury
Medium-bronze and cement
Circa- 1953
Collection - N.M New Delhi
2. Beach on Madras- this is an extraordinary bronze Sculpture made by chowdhury a famous artist of Bengal School.
3. The subject matter of this Sculpture is taken from the life of Common man of india.
4. In this Composition artist has related triumps of labour which means one remains a live and progressive in unity.
5. Four labours are shown busy in moving a massive stone block with the help of wooden log by means of putting
their maximum physical effort in some hilly area.
6. These labourers are carved in perfect anatomical body balance
7. Their strong muscles mirror their strength and Capability.
8. Upper part of their bodies has been show naked and loin part has been covered only with a small lungi.
9. Their head are also covered with a piece or cloth.
10. These labourers have become successful in performing their work.

Ramkinker Baij (1910-1980)

 RamKinker Baij was the genious artist of santiniketan. He has developed his own individual style in the field
of Sculpture and painting both.
 He was born in 1910 in a poor family in bankura district of west bengal.
 The family could not spare money for his papers or paints or his teaching.
 Shri ramand chaterjee a famous writer and editor of modern review marked his talent when he visited
Ramkinker village.
• The painting entitled "sita exile" which he painted at the age of 15 was published in "prabasi" and helped him
to get admission at kala bhawan shantiniketan under Nandlal Bose. he recommended him to gurudev Rabindra .
 After completing his studies he joined as a faculty member of kala bhawan. He had lived at shantiniketan for
over 37 year.
 As a sculpture he used cement, concrete, stone and plaster which were easily available.
 In painting he worked in oil, tempera and water colours. the Santhals living around santiniketan were his a
live models .
 The Sculpture and painting like "the call of mill” (oil) reper" (water colour) and Sculpture like "girl and the
dog”. he out door Sculptures like the "Santhal family"," sujata” , “returning from the market", "girl and dog “
 He choose gravel from the ‘ khoai ‘and sand from the local river kopai flowing by Shantiniketan only things
he had to purchase were cement and iron rods.

Santhal family
1. Artist- ramkinkar Baij
Collection- shantiniketan west Bengal
Circa - 1938 AD.
Medium-Cement, concrete
2. Ram Kinkar made this Sculpture with cement and concrete in 1938 AD. Now it is established in the pavilion of
shanti Niketan West Bengal.
3. It is a rough textured composition of Santhal couple with a child and dog.
4. It reflects ramkinker's feeling and care for the Simplicty of Santhal people.
5. This work has powerfull energy and speed in this Sculpture.
6. One men is lifting a bahangi on his shoulder made for purpose of carrying loads.
7. He has put goods on his wife head who is moring with him.
8. Together with them a dog has been shown opening his mouth.
9. Ramkinker Sculptures reflect his worried and feeling for the life of that simple people around him.

Amarnath Sehgal (1922-2007)

 Amaranth Sehgal is a multitalented creative personality. He is a engineer, a philosopher, a poet and Sculptor.
 He was born on February 5 1922 at Campbellpur attok (Pakistan) and moved to India after partition.
 Internationally reputed Sculptor sehgal is basically, a Science graduate B.s.c in from baneras hindu university
 Art is a born talent. He started learning art privately at lahore School of fine art.
 He want to go USA and took master degree in art education from New york university.
 He says that the work of an artist should act as bridge between himself and Society.
 "Anguished cries " , " Rape", "hunger” and “cries” unheard are his master piece work in bronze.
 His some monumental Sculpture dedicated to Scientific achievements are “Conquest of moon" in
Washington D.C. to space unknown in Mascow and "Hamara Aakash" in new Delhi etc.
 He got national award for his Sculpture "Onward March"in 1957.
 He also Received gold plague of "Cries un heard” in 1958 and donated it to it Nehru during Chinese Invasion.
 He was awarded V. N. Peace medal in 1985.
 He worked in different medium as bronze, stone ,Concrete, wood , terracotta and even in gold. He want to
spread the message of peace, love and compassion through his art.

Cries un heard

1. Artist - Amarnath Sehgal

Medium-bronze
Circa - 1958
Collection- N.G.M. Art, New Delhi.
2. In 1958 the Sculpture cries un-heard was awarded president of india's Gold plague by lalit Kala Akademi New
Delhi.
3. This is a large size bronze statue done by amarnath in 1938.
4. This is a symbolic work in which three nude figures of a family are standing in deep pain mood.
5. They have sad face full of pain and distress.
6. All the three elongated figures of a man, women and child have hollow faces and their hands are raised to the sky
in the helpless position.
7. The right hand of the child is a up while his left hand is shown in down posture.
8. Man and child are looking up but women is looking down.
9. They all are asking for the help from all powerfull god because no one is ready to hear their protest in our society.
10. The theme of this sculpture shown the injustice and exploitation done by rich and powerful people.
11. They are exploiting the weaker section of the society from a long time.
12. Now it is a Collection of N.G of M Art New Delhi.

PV. Janakiram

 Janakiram was born in 1930 in Madras .He received the degree in fine Arts in 1953 from Govt. Art College.
 He joined Government College of Arts & Craft Madras in 1947 under the guidance of superb teachers D. P.
Roy choudhary and K.E.S. panikar.
 He took diploma in three branches of Art in paintings in Sculpture and in commercial Art and stayed
Continuously in Same Art College till 1964,
 It is his grit and strong determination of knowing art that led to be a student for 17 year Since 1947-1964.
 He is known for intonducing repousse technique. The idea of making freestanding two dimensional
sculptures from beaten and shaped metal pieces of Copper for making Sculpture.
 He took this idea from the masks of the gods for South india temple which are made from thin silver sheets.
 His famous work in this technique are “vargin mother” Christ, owl, eagle, Cat, monk, garuda and ganesh.
 These work also prove Copper sheet as the best suited material for him.
 He got two National award by lalit kala akademi New Delhi In 1964 and 1966 silver medal from Hyderabad
Art Society in 1965, Madras state Lalit Kala Akademy awards in 1965 and 1966 and diploma de prix Award
from second biennale of small plastics,Budapest in 1973.

Ganesh

1. Artist - P.V Jankiram

Medium - oxidised copper sheet
Technique - etching and aquatint
Circa – 1970-80
Collection – N.G.M Art , New Delhi

2. Ganesh is one of the best sculpture of P.V jankiram

3. This is the finest exmple of his respousse work done in oxidized Copper sheet and wires
4. In this creation Ganesha is shown having six hands.
5. He is playing sitar with his upper two hands while his other four hand are shown holding shankha, gada, padma,
and ankush in a traditional style.
6. He is wearing a special Crown and spiritual halo around his head.
7. His face expression has divine look.
8. He has large ears.
9. His face and broad trunk have been designed on the same copper sheets.
10. The posture of his both legs indicates that he is in dancing pose.
11. The whole Sculpture is decorated with Copper wires of different gauge, folded Copper sheet and welded small
Copper dots.
12. Red or yellow Colour patches shawn on his right arm and below knee on his legs and extra beauty to the
Sculpture.
13. The smoothness of the Surface Continuity of the form and ornamentation are nicely mantained .