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Some Important SQL Command

The document outlines essential SQL commands for managing databases and tables, including creating and deleting databases, creating tables, and performing CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete). It provides syntax and examples for each command, such as inserting data, retrieving data, modifying existing data, and removing data from tables. Additionally, it covers altering tables by adding, deleting, and renaming columns.

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8 views

Some Important SQL Command

The document outlines essential SQL commands for managing databases and tables, including creating and deleting databases, creating tables, and performing CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete). It provides syntax and examples for each command, such as inserting data, retrieving data, modifying existing data, and removing data from tables. Additionally, it covers altering tables by adding, deleting, and renaming columns.

Uploaded by

jahanvisoni00
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Some Important SQL Command

1 Create Database

To create a new database:

Syntax:

sql

CREATE DATABASE database_name;

Example:

sql

CREATE DATABASE school;

2. Delete (Drop) Database

To delete an existing database:

Syntax:

sql

DROP DATABASE database_name;

Example:

sql

DROP DATABASE school;

3. Create Table

To create a table within a specific database:

Syntax:

sql
CREATE TABLE table_name (

column1 datatype constraints,

column2 datatype constraints,

...

columnN datatype constraints

);

Example:

Create a table ipstudents in the school database with the columns roll_no,
name, and marks

sql

CREATE TABLE ipstudents (

roll_no INT PRIMARY KEY,

name VARCHAR(100),

marks INT

);

Steps:

First, create or select the database:

sql

USE school;

Then, create the table with the above CREATE TABLE command.

Here are the basic SQL commands for CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update,
Delete) in MySQL:
1. Create (Inserting data into a table)

The INSERT INTO command is used to add data into a table.

Syntax:

sql

Copy code

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3, ...)

VALUES (value1, value2, value3, ...);

Example:

sql

INSERT INTO ipstudents (roll_no, name, marks)

VALUES (1, 'John Doe', 85);

Or

INSERT INTO ipstudents VALUES (1, 'John Doe', 85);

If you want to Insert multiple value

INSERT INTO ipstudents VALUES (1, 'John Doe', 85), (2, ‘ram’, 95), (3, ‘suraj’,
55);

2. Read (Retrieving data from a table)

The SELECT command is used to fetch data from a table.

Syntax:

sql

SELECT column1, column2, ...


FROM table_name

WHERE condition;

Example:

Retrieve all columns:

Sql:

SELECT * FROM ipstudents;

Retrieve specific columns:

Sql:

SELECT name, marks FROM ipstudents WHERE roll_no = 1;

3. Update (Modifying existing data in a table)

The UPDATE command is used to modify existing data.

Syntax:

sql

UPDATE table_name

SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, ...

WHERE condition;

Example:

Update a student’s marks:

Sql

UPDATE ipstudents

SET marks = 90
WHERE roll_no = 1;

4. Delete (Removing data from a table)

The DELETE command is used to remove rows from a table.

Syntax:

sql

DELETE FROM table_name

WHERE condition;

Example:

Delete a student record with roll_no = 1:

sql

DELETE FROM ipstudents

WHERE roll_no = 1;

Deleting Rows with NULL values:

If you want to delete rows where a column has NULL values:

sql

DELETE FROM ipstudents

WHERE marks IS NULL;

These are the basic CRUD operations that help manage data in a MySQL
database
5. Add a New Column

The ALTER TABLE statement is used to add a new column to an existing table.

Syntax:

sql

ALTER TABLE table_name

ADD column_name datatype;

Example:

Add a new column address of type VARCHAR(255) to the ipstudents table:

sql

ALTER TABLE ipstudents

ADD address VARCHAR(255);

6. Delete a Column

To remove a column from a table, you use the ALTER TABLE command with the
DROP keyword.

Syntax:

sql

ALTER TABLE table_name

DROP COLUMN column_name;

example

ALTER TABLE ipstudents

DROP COLUMN address;


7. Rename column

Syntax:

sql

ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME COLUMN old_column_name TO


new_column_name;

Example:

sql

ALTER TABLE ipstudents RENAME COLUMN marks TO total_marks;

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