EDUCATION+CRITICAL THINKING

In a country where government and families alike are tightening their belts and trying to make
do with less, you could be pardoned for thinking that private education would be in a bit of a
jam right now. And yet, although fees at independent schools in Britain have approximately
doubled over the last two and a half decades, pupil numbers are the highest since records
started in 1974.
Although there are numerous reasons why parents might choose to fork out an average of
£12,500 per year on their child’s education, there is one which stands out more than any other:
their reputation for getting their students into elite universities, such as the American Ivy
League colleges and Britain’s most prestigious universities: Oxford and Cambridge.
Private schools with experience in these admissions processes run like well-oiled machines.
Their informed careers advisers have in-depth tactical knowledge of which colleges would best
suit each candidate, and help them to edit their personal statements to reflect the qualities that
elite universities are looking for. Interview training sessions guide young applicants through an
interview system which has been described as being ‘more reminiscent of an old-boy network
than justice for society’. Those with family members and teachers who have successfully gone
through the admissions process are at a considerable advantage to those who are the first to
apply among their social group.
Consequently, the social mix of students at the top universities remains sadly biased towards
the rich and privately educated – although thanks to increasing numbers of bursaries providing
free private school education to academically gifted youngsters, it is possible to be one without
the other. Even so, the fact is that 7% of British children go to private schools, while more than
40% of the intake at Oxford and Cambridge is privately educated, and this statistic depicts a
worryingly skewed trend.
The proportion matters because, although there are obviously plenty of other universities
offering excellent study programmes, an Oxbridge or Ivy-League degree undoubtedly enhances
employability in the ruling professions. According to recent studies by the UK educational
charity The Sutton Trust, over 30% of leading professionals in the United Kingdom, including
almost 80% of lawyers, 47% of highflyers in financial services and 41% of top journalists
attended Oxford or Cambridge. Every university-educated Prime Minister since 1937 except
one, Gordon Brown, is an alumnus of one or the other, as are approximately two-thirds of the
current government cabinet.
This bias is bad news not only for the clever but underprivileged students who have to settle for
a less renowned university; it is bad news for Britain, as decisions that affect the whole nation
are made by a select group with a narrow pool of experience, rather than one that is
representative of society as a whole.
This disproportion was brought to public attention in 2000, when politician Gordon Brown
launched an attack on the selection processes at Oxford University. He publicised the story of
Laura Spence, a gifted students who had the “best A-level qualifications you can have”, but
nevertheless was turned down by Magdalen College, Oxford. Later, Member of Parliament
David Lammy used the freedom of information act to examine admissions data at Oxford and
Cambridge Universities, and found that almost 90% of the student body at both universities was
drawn from the upper and middle classes, that in 2009 Oxford accepted only one British black
Caribbean undergraduate, and it focused its attentions on admissions events at private schools
such as Kate Middleton’s school, Marlborough College, and Prince William’s alma mater, Eton.
Since then, universities have been forced to up their game welcoming the less privileged among
their students. Quotas have been put into place to ensure that the colleges admit a larger
proportion of less privileged students. These targets are not often met, however, and they have
brought about a new practice in which parents privately educate their children up to the age of
16, giving them a sound academic background, then put them in state education for their two
final years, to better improve their chances of being accepted at a top university as part of their
‘less privileged’ quota.
Even so, Oxford now spends $4 million a year on student outreach, a $1.6 million increase since
2006–07. Much of this is spent on school visits and teacher-training programmes aimed at
supporting poor and minority students who wish to apply to the university. The university has
also launched a summer school, which allows around 500 academically talented, state-school
students a chance to experience studying at Oxford for a week.
And yet these strategies depend on state schools being able to educate students to the same
level as private schools; where stringent selection processes, partnered with high budgets,
parental support and top-class facilities allow schools to spew out students of an impressively
high academic calibre. State schools have much less opportunity to do this.
Or have they? One commentator argues that the success of private schools is not in their
money, but in their organisation. State schools fail their pupils because, under government
control, they lack options. But if head teachers at state schools were given the same freedom as
those at private schools, namely to sack poor teachers and pay more to good ones, parents
would not need to send their children to private schools any more.
CRITICAL THINKING:
Read the following text: “One commentator argues that the success of private schools is
not in their money, but in their organisation. State schools fail their pupils because,
under government control, they lack options. But if head teachers at state schools were
given the same freedom as those at private schools, namely to sack poor teachers and
pay more to good ones, parents would not need to send their children to private schools
any more.”
Do you agree that the success of private schools is not in their money, but in their
organization? Write a paragraph of 150 words to give your answer. Use the examples,
evidence from the text and of your own to support the answer.

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In a country where government and families alike are tightening their belts and trying to make

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