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Practical 3rd Sem[1]SQL

SQL, or Structured Query Language, is a standard language used for accessing and manipulating data in databases. It includes commands for creating, updating, deleting, and retrieving data, with key commands such as SELECT, INSERT INTO, and CREATE TABLE. A database is a structured collection of data, and SQL provides various commands to manage and interact with this data effectively.

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7 views

Practical 3rd Sem[1]SQL

SQL, or Structured Query Language, is a standard language used for accessing and manipulating data in databases. It includes commands for creating, updating, deleting, and retrieving data, with key commands such as SELECT, INSERT INTO, and CREATE TABLE. A database is a structured collection of data, and SQL provides various commands to manage and interact with this data effectively.

Uploaded by

05ritika2005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL QUERY……..

SQL is a standard database language


>>>What is SQL?

used to access and manipulate data in databases. SQL


stands for Structured Query Language. It was
developed by IBM Computer Scientists in the 1970s.
By executing queries SQL can create, update, delete,
and retrieve data in databases like MySQL, Oracle,
PostgreSQL, etc. Overall, SQL is a query language that
communicates with databases.

>>>What is Database?
A database is a collection of data that is
organized, which is also called structured data.

>>>SQL Queries:
1. CREATE DATABASE query in SQL is used to
create a new database in the database
management system.
Syntax: create database (Name of the database);
Example: create database mysql;

2. We use the SHOW DATABASES command and it


will return a list of all the databases that exist in
our system.
Syntax: show databases;
3. USE Statement is use to a specific database in
SQL,
Syntax: use (Name of the database);
Example: use mysql;

A CREATE DATABASE statement is used to create


a database.

A database consists of tables and inside the tables,


we store the data.

The database name is case-insensitive, so we need


to create a unique database name.

Keep the limit of database names to 128


characters.

>>>Some of The Most Important SQL


Commands
 SELECT - extracts data from a database
 UPDATE - updates data in a database
 DELETE - deletes data from a database
 INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database
 CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database
 ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database
 CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
 ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
 DROP TABLE - deletes a table
 CREATE INDEX - creates an index (search key)
 DROP INDEX - deletes an index

1. SQL DROP DATABASE statement is a powerful


command used to permanently delete an existing
database from a database management system.

2. To change the name of a table in SQL, use the


ALTER TABLE current_table_name;
MODIFY [new_table_name];
syntax:

3. The CREATE TABLE command is a crucial tool for


database administration
CREATE table table_name
(
Column1 datatype (size),
column2 datatype (size),
.
.
columnN datatype(size)
);

4. To add data to the table, we use INSERT


INTO command

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, …)


VALUES (value1, value2, …);

5. The SELECT statement in SQL is used to query


and retrieve data from a database.
To see table,we use this select statement with this
syntax;
 SELECT * FROM Table_name;
6. SELECT name, age FROM employees;

7. SELECT name, age FROM employees WHERE age


>= 35;

8. SELECT name, age FROM employees ORDER BY


age DESC;
9. We can Create Table From Another Table
CREATE TABLE SubTable AS
SELECT CustomerID, CustomerName
FROM customer;

Note: We can use * instead of column name to copy


whole table to another table.
 We can also add constraint to table like NOT
NULL, UNIQUE, CHECK, and DEFAULT.
10. The DESC table_name; command can be used
to display the structure of the created table

10.The DROP TABLE statement in SQL is used to


delete a table and all of its data from the database
permanently.
Drop table table name;

11.SQL DELETE is a basic SQL operation used to


delete data in a database.

DELETE FROM table_name


WHERE some_condition;

SQL ALTER TABLE command. If you need to rename a


table, add a new column, or change the name of an
existing column in SQL, the ALTER command is crucial
for making schema changes without affecting the data
that is already there.
12.Lets Add a new column in Existing Table so
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD
new_column_name(datatype);

We can update this too just like this


update hood set Area ='Delhi' where age>15;
13. Change the name of existing Column,
ALTER TABLE table_name Rename old_column_name
to new_name;

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