Index

Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 2

Objectives .................................................................................................................................. 2

Methodology .............................................................................................................................. 2

Definition and meaning of human rights and duties .................................................................. 3

Why are human rights so important? ......................................................................................... 3

The impact of human rights on society ...................................................................................... 4

International Human Rights Day ............................................................................................... 4

Human rights .............................................................................................................................. 4

Duties ......................................................................................................................................... 7

Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 8

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................. 9
Introduction
This work will talk about human rights and duties, it has been defined in different ways; some
writers even question the expression “human rights” because, for them, it is a version that has
existed since humans have been marked by the presence of man, that is, of a person. Therefore,
Baxi prefers the word “huper” instead of “human.” Thus, human rights become “huper rights.”
Some definitions are given below. According to Boutros Boutros-Ghali, former Secretary-
General of the UN, human rights constitute a common language of humanity. Milne argues that
human rights are simply what every human being owes to every other human being and, as
such, represent universal moral obligations. The same work is organized by titles, that are,
definition and meaning of human rights and duties, why are human right so important and so
on.

Objectives
General:

 Analyzing human rights and duties.

Specific:

 Talk about human rights;

 Defining human rights;
 Mentioning and describing each human right.

Methodology
As procedure, this work was carried out through indirect and inductive observation. We started
with a document analysis and its respective content to obtain a generalized opinion on the
subject matter.

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Definition and meaning of human rights and duties
Human rights have been defined differently; some writers even question the expression. Human
rights, because, to them, it is a exits version since human is marked by the presence of man, so
a person. Thus, Baxi prefers the word huper, in place of “human”. Therefore, human rights
become “huper rights”. Some definitions are given below.

According to Boutros BoutrosGhali, the former Secretary General of the UN, human rights
constitute a common language of humanity.

Milne argues that human rights are simply what every human being ovens to every other human
being and as such represent universal moral obligations. These rights can be summarized as
the right to life, to freedom from unproved violence and arbitrary coercion, to be dealt with
honestly, to receive aid in distress, and to be respected as a human person.

Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality,
ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status. Human rights include the right to life and
liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work
and education, and many more.

Rights and duties are two wheels on which the chariot of life moves forward smoothly. Life
can become smoother if rights and duties go hand in hand and become complementary to each
other.

Why are human rights so important?

Even though human rights are a man-made invention without a natural foundation, it cannot be
argued against that humans have sought freedom and equality for centuries. In Ancient Babylon
in 1750 BC, laws were written that included principles of justice and fairness. King Hammurabi
of Babylon wrote that people should be protected by law and not be mistreated

Of course, these were hardly the same as modern human rights – there was a definite hierarchy
of order and violent punishments were often doled out. However, these ancient laws
demonstrate that humans innately seek freedom, equality and protection. Therefore, the
creation of a declaration of human rights appeals to some of the strongest human desires and
allows people to feel safer, happier and more free.

One of the main reasons why human rights are so important, as argued by the Humanists in
their human rights open step, is because they help protect vulnerable minorities from tyranny.

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While dictators and oppressive governments still have a lot of power over vulnerable groups,
human rights make it more difficult for them to get away with crimes against humanity. Often,
oppressive leaders will not want to risk making their country look bad.

The impact of human rights on society

The positive impact that human rights have had on society is enormous. In 2018, the declaration
turned 70, and it continues to inspire human rights efforts to this day. Since it was created,
we’ve seen plenty more human rights treaties and laws put into place.

International Human Rights Day

To commemorate the creation of the declaration of human rights, we celebrate International
Human Rights Day on the 10th of December every year. The day offers up a chance to highlight
human rights issues all over the world so we can keep pushing for change.

Human rights
Main provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights - The main provisions of the
Universal Declaration of Human rights adopted by the General Assembly of the United
Nations are as follows:

 Right to equality: All human beings are born free and equal ion dignity and rights. They
are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit
of brother hood.
 No Discrimination on the ground of race ,colour etc: Every One is entitled to all the
rights and freedoms set forth in thios Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such
as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or othert opinion, natural or social
origin, property, birth or other status.
 Right to life, liberty and security: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of
person.
 Prohibition of slavery: No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and
slavetrade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
 Prohibition of torture and inhuman treatment: No one shall be subjected to torture or
to cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment.
 Right to recognition as a person before law: Everyone has the right to recognition
everywhere as a person before the law.

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 Equality before law and equal protection of law: All are equal before the law and are
entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to
equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against
any incitement to such discrimination.
 Remedy for violation of fundamental rights: Everyone has the right to as effective
remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights
granted to him by the constitution or by law.
 Prohibition against arbitrary arrest or detention: No one shall be subjected to arbitrary
arrest, detention or exile.
 Right to have fair and public hearing: Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and
public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his
rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.
 Right to privacy: No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy,
family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation.
Everyone
has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
 Right to freedom of movement and residence: Everyone has the right to freedom of
movement and residence within the borders of each State. Everyone has the right to
leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.
 Right to seek asylum: Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries
asylum from prosecution. This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions
genuinely arising from nonpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and
principles of the United Nations.
 Right to nationality: Everyone has the right to nationality. No one arbitrarily deprived
of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.
 Right to marry: Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race,
nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled
to equal rights as to marriage during marriage and at its dissolution. Marriage shall be
entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses. The family is
the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society
and the State.
 Right to own property: Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in
association with others. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.

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 Right to freedom of thought: Everyone has the right of freedom of thought,
conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and
freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest
his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.
 Right to freedom of opinion and expression: Everyone has the right to freedom of
opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without
interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media
and regardless
of frontiers.
 Right to freedom of peaceful assembly: Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful
assembly and association. No one may be compelled to belong to an association.
 Right to participate in the government of his country, directly or through freely
chosen representatives:
Everyone has the right to equal access to public services in his country.
The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will be
expressed in periodic and genuine elections, which shall be by universal and equal
suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.
 Right to social security: Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social
security and id entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-
operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the
economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free
development of his personality.
 Right to work: Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just
and favorable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment. Everyone,
without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work. Everyone, who
works, has the right to just and favorable remuneration ensuring for himself and his
family as existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary by other
means of a social protection. Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for
the protection of his interests.
 Right to rest and leisure: Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including
reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.
 Right to education: Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at
least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be
compulsory.

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  Right to enjoy culture etc: Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural
life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its
benefits. Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests
resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.
 Right to enjoy human rights: Everyone is entitled to a social and international order
in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.

Duties
All people have a responsibility to protect the air, water and soil of the earth for the sake of
present inhabitants and future generation. Every person has a responsibility to behave with
integrity, honest and fairness. No person or group should rob and arbitrarily deprive any other
person or group of their property. Therefore, every individual shall have the duty to:

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Conclusion
In a few words, human rights are fundamental entitlements that belong to every individual by
the mere fact of being human. Various definitions and perspectives exist on human rights, with
some scholars even proposing alternative terms like “huper rights” to emphasize the
universality and inherent nature of these rights. Human rights encompass a wide range of
freedoms and protections, including the right to life, liberty, security, and dignity. They are
considered universal, inalienable, and indivisible, applying to all individuals regardless of their
background or status. Alongside rights, there are also fundamental duties that citizens have
towards each other and society as a whole. The relationship between rights and duties is often
likened to two wheels moving a car forward smoothly, highlighting the interconnectedness and
mutual reinforcement of these concepts. It was so good having this work, because it make us
know about our rights and duties.

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Bibliography
PALO JOAO. Universal declaration of human responsibilities. Available on:
www.en.m.wikisourse.org. accessed on July 3rd

ARTHUR MORGAN. Universal Declaration of Human duties. Available on:

www.archieves.au.int. accessed on July 3rd

FLAVY F. FOSTEN. Human rights. Available on: www.un.org. accessed on 3rd