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By Fakhar ul Hassan

SQL Performance Tuning - Best Practices & Examples

Fakhar ul Hassan
Cloud Infrastructure | Azure, Azure AD/Entra ID, AWS, DevOps, Automation,
Infrastructure as Code (IaC), GitHub, GitLab CICD, Ansible, Terraform, Python,…

16 de abril de 2023

SQL performance tuning is essential for ensuring the efficient operation of databases and the applications that rely on them. Slow or inefficient SQL queries can result in poor application performance, user frustration, and
lost productivity. By optimizing SQL performance, you can improve application response times, increase productivity, and reduce downtime. It can also help to reduce server load, leading to improved scalability and
reduced costs.

This article is organized as follows:

1. Introduction
2. SQL Performance Best Practices
3. SQL Performance Tuning Example-1
4. SQL Performance Tuning Example-2
5. Conclusion

1. Introduction
SQL performance tuning is the process of optimizing the performance of SQL queries and database operations to improve the overall performance of an application. It involves identifying and resolving performance
issues, such as slow-running queries, inefficient database design, and configuration problems. SQL performance tuning can involve techniques such as indexing, query optimization, data normalization, server optimization,
parameterization, using stored procedures, monitoring performance, and optimizing hardware. By implementing these best practices, you can optimize the performance of your SQL queries and database operations,
resulting in faster and more efficient applications.

2. SQL Performance Best Practices

SQL performance tuning involves optimizing the performance of SQL queries and database operations to improve the overall performance of an application. Here are some best practices for SQL performance tuning:

1. Indexing: Proper indexing can significantly improve query performance. Identify the columns that are frequently used in WHERE and JOIN clauses and create indexes on those columns.
2. Query optimization: Optimize SQL queries by avoiding the use of subqueries, using efficient joins, and minimizing the use of wildcard characters.
3. Data normalization: Normalize your database to eliminate redundant data and improve data consistency, which can lead to faster queries.
4. Server optimization: Configure the server settings, such as memory allocation and disk I/O, to optimize the performance of the SQL Server.
5. Parameterize queries: Use parameterized queries instead of dynamic SQL to reduce the risk of SQL injection and improve performance.
6. Use stored procedures: Stored procedures can reduce network traffic and improve performance by executing a set of SQL statements as a single unit.
7. Monitor performance: Regularly monitor the performance of your SQL queries and database operations to identify bottlenecks and areas for improvement.
8. Optimize hardware: Consider upgrading hardware components such as RAM, hard drive, and CPU to improve the performance of the server and the database.

By following these best practices, you can optimize the performance of your SQL queries and database operations, resulting in faster and more efficient applications.

3. SQL Performance Tuning: Example-1

Let's take an example to illustrate SQL performance tuning. Consider the following query:

SELECT customer_name, order_date, order_total

FROM customers
INNER JOIN orders ON customers.customer_id = orders.customer_id
WHERE order_date >= '2022-01-01' AND order_date <= '2022-12-31'

This query retrieves customer names, order dates, and order totals for all orders placed in the year 2022. Here are some steps you can take to tune the performance of this query:

1. Indexing: Create an index on the customer_id column in both the customers and orders tables to improve the performance of the join operation.
 2. Query optimization: Rewrite the query to use the BETWEEN operator instead of the greater than and less than operators, as follows:

SELECT customer_name, order_date, order_total

FROM customers
INNER JOIN orders ON customers.customer_id = orders.customer_id
WHERE order_date BETWEEN '2022-01-01' AND '2022-12-31'

This can improve the performance of the query by reducing the number of comparisons that the database engine has to make.

1. Data normalization: Normalize the database by creating separate tables for customer information and order information, instead of storing them in a single table. This can reduce the amount of redundant data and improve
data consistency.
2. Monitor performance: Regularly monitor the performance of the query and use tools like SQL Server Profiler to identify any bottlenecks or areas for improvement.

By following the above steps, you can optimize the performance of this query and database as well.

4. SQL Performance Tuning: Example-2

Let's consider another example to demonstrate SQL performance tuning. Consider the following query:

SELECT customers.customer_name, SUM(orders.order_total) AS total_sale

FROM customers
INNER JOIN orders ON customers.customer_id = orders.customer_id
GROUP BY customers.customer_name
ORDER BY total_sales DESC

This query retrieves the total sales for each customer, ordered by the total sales in descending order. Here are some steps you can take to tune the performance of this query:

1. Indexing: Create an index on the customer_id column in both the customers and orders tables to improve the performance of the join operation. Also, create an index on the order_total column in the orders table.
2. Query optimization: Rewrite the query to use a subquery to retrieve the total sales for each customer, as follows:

SELECT customers.customer_name, subquery.total_sale

FROM customers
INNER JOIN
(
SELECT customer_id, SUM(order_total) AS total_sales
FROM orders
GROUP BY customer_id
) subquery
ON customers.customer_id = subquery.customer_id
ORDER BY subquery.total_sales DESC

This can improve the performance of the query by reducing the amount of data that needs to be processed during the aggregation.

1. Monitor performance: Regularly monitor the performance of the query and use tools like SQL Server Profiler to identify any bottlenecks or areas for improvement.

By following the above step, you can optimize the performance of this query and improve the overall performance of your database.

5. Conclusion
In conclusion, SQL performance tuning is a crucial aspect of database optimization. By following best practices such as indexing, query optimization, data normalization, server optimization, parameterization, using stored
procedures, monitoring performance, and optimizing hardware, you can improve the performance of your SQL queries and database operations.

SQL performance tuning requires a combination of knowledge of database design, query optimization techniques, and SQL Server configuration, along with regular monitoring and analysis of performance data. By
implementing these best practices and continuously improving the performance of your SQL queries, you can ensure that your database is running optimally and your applications are performing efficiently.

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9 meses
Timnit Araia • 3er+

I am a SQL DBA with more than 5+ years of experience in managing, configuring and installation and administering a SQL server across various versions.
Thanks for the clear and precise explanation.
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9 meses
Fakhar ul Hassan Autor

Cloud Infrastructure | Azure, Azure AD/Entra ID, AWS, DevOps, Automation, Infrastructure as Code (IaC), GitHub, GitLab CICD, Ansible, Terraform, Python, PowerShell, Bash
Thanks

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9 meses
SalahElddin Abakaray • 3er+

Head Of Database Section at SPC

good explanation

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9 meses
Fakhar ul Hassan Autor

Cloud Infrastructure | Azure, Azure AD/Entra ID, AWS, DevOps, Automation, Infrastructure as Code (IaC), GitHub, GitLab CICD, Ansible, Terraform, Python, PowerShell, Bash
Salah Abakaray Thanks

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Fakhar ul Hassan

Cloud Infrastructure | Azure, Azure AD/Entra ID, AWS, DevOps, Automation,

Infrastructure as Code (IaC), GitHub, GitLab CICD, Ansible, Terraform, Python,
PowerShell, Bash

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