The document provides an overview of the Normal Distribution, detailing its properties, including the bell-shaped curve, symmetry, and the relationship between mean, median, and mode. It introduces the Standard Normal Distribution and the Standard Deviation Rule, which describes data spread in a normal distribution. Additionally, it explains the use of the standard normal table for calculating probabilities and the concept of z-scores for standardizing values.
The document provides an overview of the Normal Distribution, detailing its properties, including the bell-shaped curve, symmetry, and the relationship between mean, median, and mode. It introduces the Standard Normal Distribution and the Standard Deviation Rule, which describes data spread in a normal distribution. Additionally, it explains the use of the standard normal table for calculating probabilities and the concept of z-scores for standardizing values.
The document provides an overview of the Normal Distribution, detailing its properties, including the bell-shaped curve, symmetry, and the relationship between mean, median, and mode. It introduces the Standard Normal Distribution and the Standard Deviation Rule, which describes data spread in a normal distribution. Additionally, it explains the use of the standard normal table for calculating probabilities and the concept of z-scores for standardizing values.
The document provides an overview of the Normal Distribution, detailing its properties, including the bell-shaped curve, symmetry, and the relationship between mean, median, and mode. It introduces the Standard Normal Distribution and the Standard Deviation Rule, which describes data spread in a normal distribution. Additionally, it explains the use of the standard normal table for calculating probabilities and the concept of z-scores for standardizing values.
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The Normal Random Variable Lesson 1
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Normal Random Variable •It is a continuous random variable that follows a normal distribution. •It represents a continuous variable whose values are most likely to be near the mean and become less likely as they move further away from the mean, following the characteristic bell-shaped curve. Normal Distribution (Normal Curve) •It is a distribution of a continuous random variable whose graph is a bell- shaped curve. •It provides a graphical representation of statistical values that are needed in describing the characteristics of populations as well as in making decisions. •It is also known as the Gaussian distribution. What is it and how do we interpret it? Properties of Normal Probability Distribution 1. The distribution curve is bell – shaped. 2. The curve is symmetrical about its center. 3. The mean, the median, and the mode coincide at the center. 4. The width of the curve is determined by the standard deviation of the distribution. 5. The curve is asymptotic to the base. 6. The area under the curve is 1. Standard Normal Distribution •It is a normal distribution of standardized values. •It is a normal probability distribution whose mean is zero 𝜇=0 and whose standard deviation is 1 𝜎 = 1 . The Standard deviation Rule Lesson 2 Standard Deviation Rule •It describes how data in a normal distribution are spread around the mean. •It also known as the empirical rule or the 68-95-99.7 rule. Try me: The distribution of the grades of the Senior High School students in Statistics and Probability for the Third Quarter are distributed normally with a mean of 87 and a standard deviation of 4. a) What percent of the grades are between 83 to 91? b) What percent of the grades are between 79 to 95? c) What grades fall within 99.7% of the distribution? Try me: The scores of Grade 11 students in their Mathematics final exam are normally distributed with a mean (𝜇) of 75 and a standard deviation (𝜎) of 5. What percent of the scores are between 70 and 80? What percent of the scores are between 65 and 85? What scores fall within 99.7% of the distribution? REVIEW: •The test scores in a standardized exam are normally distributed, with a mean μ of 85 and a standard deviation σ of 5. 1.What percentage of scores are between 75 and 95? 2.What percentage of scores are between 80 and 90? 3.What range of scores includes 99.7% of all test results? REVIEW: •The weights of newborn puppies in a certain breed are normally distributed, with a mean μ of 3.5 kg and a standard deviation σ of 0.5 kg. 1.What percentage of puppies weigh between 3.0 kg and 4.0 kg? 2.What percentage of puppies weigh between 2.5 kg and 4.5 kg? 3.What weight range covers 99.7% of the puppies? EXAMPLE 1: The school nurse of LUNHS needs to measure the BMI (Body Mass Index) of the Alternative Learning System (ALS) students. She found out that the heights of male students are normally distributed with a mean of 160 cm and a standard deviation of 7 cm. What is the percentage of male students whose height is within 153 cm to 174 cm? The Standard Normal Table Lesson 3 Standard normal table •It is a mathematical table that provides the values of the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the standard normal distribution. •It is an indispensable tool for calculating probabilities, statistical inference, and hypothesis testing. •It is also known as the unit normal table or Z-table. How to use the z-table? 1. Express the given z-value into a three – digit form. 2. Using the z-Table, find the first two digits on the left column. 3. Match the third digit with the appropriate column on the right. 4. Read the area (or probability) at the intersection of the row and the column. This is the required area. Example 1:
What is the area of z=1.85?
P(z=1.85) Example 1:
What is the area of z=1.85?
P(z=1.85) = 0.4678 Example 2:
What is the area of z=2.67?
P(z=2.67) Example 2:
What is the area of z=2.67?
P(z=2.67) = 0.4962 Example 3:
What is the area of z=-0.64?
P(z=-0.64) Example 3:
What is the area of z=-0.64?
P(z=-0.64) = 0.2611 More Examples: a) Find the area that corresponds to z = 1. b) Find the area that corresponds to z = 1.36. c) Find the area that corresponds to z = -2.58. More Examples: a) Find the area that corresponds •P(z=1) = 0.3413 to z = 1. b) Find the area that corresponds •P(z=1.36) = 0.4131 to z = 1.36. c) Find the area that corresponds •P(z=-2.58) = 0.4951 to z = -2.58. The Z-score Lesson 4 Z-Score •It is the normal random variable of a standard normal distribution. •It indicates how many standard deviations an element (data point) is from the mean. •It is also known as the standard score or z – value. How to convert z-score to raw score?
𝑋−𝜇 𝑧= 𝜎 Example 1:
Reading Scores: Given the mean is 50 and the standard deviation is 4 of a population of Reading Scores. Find the z – value that corresponds to a score X = 58. Example 2:
Score in PE: Locate the z – value that corresponds to a PE score of 39 given that the mean is 45 and the standard deviation is 6. How to convert raw score to z-score?
𝑋 = 𝑧𝜎 + 𝜇 Example 1: Monthly Income: In a certain city, the mean household monthly income is ₱45,000.00 with a standard deviation of ₱ 6,000.00. Suppose a certain household has a monthly income with a 𝑧-score of 1.5. What is their monthly income? Example 2:
Plant Heights: The mean height of a certain species of plant is 8 inches with a standard deviation of 1.2 inches. Suppose a certain plant has a height with a 𝑧-score of -2.01. What is the height of this plant?
