The document provides an introduction to MATLAB 7, focusing on its basic operations, commands, and syntax for engineers. It covers variable assignment, mathematical operations, array manipulation, and plotting functions, along with examples of using MATLAB for calculations and solving equations. Key commands and their descriptions are also included to assist users in navigating the MATLAB environment.
The document provides an introduction to MATLAB 7, focusing on its basic operations, commands, and syntax for engineers. It covers variable assignment, mathematical operations, array manipulation, and plotting functions, along with examples of using MATLAB for calculations and solving equations. Key commands and their descriptions are also included to assist users in navigating the MATLAB environment.
The document provides an introduction to MATLAB 7, focusing on its basic operations, commands, and syntax for engineers. It covers variable assignment, mathematical operations, array manipulation, and plotting functions, along with examples of using MATLAB for calculations and solving equations. Key commands and their descriptions are also included to assist users in navigating the MATLAB environment.
The document provides an introduction to MATLAB 7, focusing on its basic operations, commands, and syntax for engineers. It covers variable assignment, mathematical operations, array manipulation, and plotting functions, along with examples of using MATLAB for calculations and solving equations. Key commands and their descriptions are also included to assist users in navigating the MATLAB environment.
for Engineers William J. Palm III Chapter 1 An Overview of MATLAB >> 8/10 % Note ans = 0.8000
>> 5*ans ans = 4
>> r=8/10 r= 0.8000
>> r r= 0.8000 Note: The MATLAB use high precision for its computations, but displays the >> s=20*r default short format. s= 16 Symbol Operation
^ exponentiation: aª a^b
* multiplication: ab a*b
/ right division: a/b a/b
\ left division: b/a a\b
+ addition: a + b a+b
- subtraction: a -b a-b Precedence operation:
First: Parentheses ( ), evaluated starting with the innermost
pair.
Second: Exponentiation (power) ^, evaluated from left to
right.
Third: Multiplication * and division / with equal precedence,
evaluated from left to right.
Fourth: Addition + and subtraction - with equal precedence,
evaluated from left to right. >> 8 + 3*5 ans =23
>> 8 + (3*5) ans =23
>>(8 + 3)*5 ans =55
>>4^2-128/(4*2) ans =0
>>4^2-128/4*2 ans =-48 3*4^2+5 ans = 53
5 + 2^)4*3( ans = 4101
27^(1/3) + 32 ^(0.2) ans = 5
27 ^(1/3) + 32^0.2 ans = 5
27 ^1/3 + 32^0.2 ans = 11 The term workspace refers to the names and values of any variables in use in the current work session. Variable names must begin with a letter; the rest of the name can contain letters, digits, and underscore characters.
MATLAB is casesensitive.
Thus the following names represent different variables: speed,
Speed, SPEED, Speed_1, and Speed_2. In MATLAB 7, variable names can be no longer than 63 characters. Typing x = 3 assigns the value 3 to the variable x.
We can then type x= x+2. This assigns the value 3+2= 5
to x. But in algebra this implies that 0 = 2 ?!!!.
In algebra we can write x+2=20, but in MATLAB we
cannot?!!!. Command Description
clc : Clears the Command window.
clear : Removes all variables from memory.
clear v1 v2 : Removes the variables v1 and v2 from memory.
exist (‘var’): Determines if a file or variable exists having the
name ‘var’.
quit or exit : Stops MATLAB.
who : Lists the variables currently in memory .
whos : Lists the current variables and sizes, and
indicates if they have imaginary parts.
: colon ; generates an array having regularly
spaced elements .
, Comma; separates elements of an array.
; Semicolon; suppresses screen printing; also
denotes a new row in an array. Command Description
ans Temporary variable containing the most
recent answer.
i,j The imaginary unit√−1, ( ∠90°).
Inf Infinity ( ∞) (example: 7/0).
NaN Indicates an undefined numerical result
(Not a Number), (example: 0/0).
pi The number π =3.141592653589793...
• The number c1= 1 –2i is entered as follows: >> c1 = 1-2i % or c1 = 1-2j
• An asterisk (*) is not needed between I or j and a number,
although it is required with a variable, such as: >>c2 = 5 - i*c1
• Be careful. The expressions
>> y = 7/2*i and >> x = 7/2i
give two different results: y = (7/2)i = 3.5i
and x = 7/(2i) = –3.5i. The volume of a circular cylinder of height h and radius r is given by . A particular cylindrical tank is 15 m tall and has a radius of 8 m. We want to construct another cylindrical tank with a volume 20 percent greater but having the same height. How large must its radius be? Arrays The numbers 0, 0.1, 0.2, …, 10 can be assigned to the variable u by typing >> u = [0:0.1:10];
To compute w= 5 sin u for u= 0, 0.1, 0.2, …, 10,
the session is;
>>u = [0:0.1:10]; >>w = 5*sin(u);
The single line, w = 5*sin(u),computed the formula
w = 5 sin u; 101 times. (continued …) >> u(7) ans =
0.6000
>> w(7) ans =
2.8232
• Use the length function to determine how many values are in an
array.
>>m = length(w) m= 101 Command Description
plot(x,y) Generates a plot of the array y versus
the array x on rectilinear axes.
title(’text’) Puts text in a title at the top of the plot.
xlabel(’text’) Adds a text label to the horizontal
axis (the abscissa).
ylabel(’text’) Adds a text label to the vertical axis
(the ordinate). Command Description
[x , y ]= ginput(n) Enables the mouse to get n points from
a plot, and returns the x and y coordinates in the vectors x and y, which have a length n.
grid Puts grid lines on the plot.
gtext(’text’) Enables placement of text with the
mouse.
(continued …) Q1. Suppose that x = 2 & y = 4. Write MATLAB command(s) to compute the following. Then write the answer. (Ask the instructor to select 1&3 or 2&4 only).
Q2. Write down a simple MATLAB command(s) to plot
Y= 5 sin2πt function. Equations as a single matrix equation. For example, consider the following set:
This set can be expressed in vector-matrix form as
which can be represented in the following compact form
Ax = b x=b/A MATLAB provides the left-division method for solving the equation set Ax = b. The left-division method is based on Gauss elimination. To use the left-division method to solve for x, type x = A\b.
For example,
>> A = [6, -10; 3, -4]; b = [2; 5];
>> x = A\b % (try b/A)?!!! x= 7 4 The MATLAB command inv(A)computes the inverse of the matrix A. The following MATLAB session solves the following equations using MATLAB inv command.
>>A = [2,9;3,-4]; >> b = [5;7] >> x = inv(A)*b x= 2.3714 0.0286 Note : If you attempt to solve a singular problem using the inv command, MATLAB displays an error message. >>A = [6,12,4;7,-2,3;2,8,-9];
>>B = [70;5;64];
>> Solution = A\B %(try B/A)?!!!
Solution = 3 5 -2
The solution is x= 3, y= 5, and z= –2.
1- In the interactive mode(similar to using a calculator), in which all commands are entered directly in the Command window.
2- By running a MATLAB program stored in script file.
This type of file contains MATLAB commands, so running it is equivalent to typing all the commands -one at a time -at the Command window prompt .You can run the file by typing its name at the Command window prompt.
