 Computer Systems

a. A computer system is an integrated set of hardware and software components that process
data to produce meaningful output.
b. Components:

 Hardware: Physical devices like CPU, monitor, and keyboard.

 Software: Programs and applications like operating systems and word processors.
 Users: People interacting with the system.
c. Advantages:
 Increases productivity through automation.
 Enhances data storage and retrieval.
 Disadvantage: Can lead to job displacement due to automation.

 Primary and Secondary Storage

a. Primary storage (RAM) is volatile and temporary, while secondary storage (hard drives) is
non-volatile and permanent.
b. Roles:

 Primary storage holds data currently being processed.

 Secondary storage retains files and programs long-term.
c. Emerging Technology: SSDs offer faster read/write speeds and improved
durability compared to HDDs.

 Information Processing: Verification and Validation

a. Verification checks data accuracy (e.g., double-entry), while validation ensures data
reasonableness (e.g., range checks).
b. Examples:

 Verification: Reviewing entered data, checksum in file transfers.

 Validation: Ensuring a date is valid, confirming numeric fields contain numbers.
c. Both ensure data accuracy and quality, reducing errors and enhancing reliability.

 Evaluating the Reliability of Data

a. Factors:

 Data source credibility.

 Timeliness of data.
 Consistency of data across systems.
b. Strategies:
 Regular audits.
 Use of reliable data collection tools.

 Computer Networks and Topology

a. A computer network is a collection of interconnected devices that share resources and
information, enabling communication and collaboration.
b. Star Topology: Easy to troubleshoot but relies on a central hub.
Ring Topology: Equal data flow but failure in one node disrupts the network.
c. Mesh Topology Diagram: (Draw a diagram showing devices interconnected in multiple
paths.)
 Impact of ICT on Education and Business
a. Education:

 Provides access to online learning resources.

 Facilitates virtual classrooms and communication.
 Enhances engagement through multimedia tools.
b. Business:
 Automates inventory management.
 Enhances customer service through CRM systems

1. For EACH phrase underlined above, write the appropriate information

processing documents term:
o (A) Source Document
o (B) Data Capture Form
o (C) Output Document
o (D) Turnaround Document

2. Difference between validation and verification:

o Validation checks whether data entered is reasonable and meets
predetermined criteria (e.g., range checks, format checks).
o Verification ensures data accuracy by comparing it with the original source
(e.g., double-entry, proofreading).

3. Define the term information processing:

Information processing is the collection, organization, manipulation, storage, and
output of data to produce meaningful information.

4. Three characteristics that make information useful other than being 'accurate'
and 'timely':
o Relevance: Information must be pertinent to the task at hand.
o Completeness: Information should contain all necessary details.
o Clarity: Information should be easily understood.

5. Control Systems
a. Define the term control system:
A control system is a set of devices or software designed to manage, command, direct,
or regulate the behavior of other systems automatically.

b. Two types of control systems:

o Open-loop Control System: Operates without feedback, relying on

predefined settings (e.g., a washing machine).
 o Closed-loop Control System: Uses feedback to adjust its operations (e.g., a
thermostat regulating room temperature).

c. Examples of each type of control system:

o Open-loop: Traffic signal timer, toaster.

o Closed-loop: Cruise control in cars, automatic temperature control in air
conditioners.

6. Payroll Information Processing System

a. Two advantages of an information processing system:
o Increased efficiency by automating repetitive tasks.
o Improved accuracy in calculations and record-keeping.

b. Two types of processing carried out by a payroll system:

o Calculating employee salaries and deductions.

o Generating tax reports and compliance documents.

c. Two examples of output provided by the system:

o Pay slips for employees.

o Financial reports for management.

7. a. Identify two components of a computer system that could affect performance and
explain how each impacts speed. (6 marks)
b. Suggest two software-related solutions that could improve performance in this
scenario. (4 marks)
c. Explain one way the school could use the new system to improve student learning.
(5 marks)

 RAM: Insufficient RAM can slow down multitasking and overall speed.
 Processor: A slow processor affects how quickly tasks are completed.
 b. Software-related solutions:
 Remove unnecessary programs.
 Update the operating system and software.
 c. Improvement for student learning:
 The system can be used for research, multimedia learning, and educational software to
make lessons engaging.
 a. Recommend one type of primary storage and one type of secondary storage for the
student’s needs. Justify your choices. (6 marks)
b. Outline one advantage and one disadvantage of cloud storage for this scenario. (4
marks)

o Primary storage: USB flash drive for portability.

o Secondary storage: External hard drive for large-capacity backups.
o b. Cloud storage:
o Advantage: Accessible from any device with an internet connection.
o Disadvantage: Dependent on internet availability.

8. a. Suggest one method of verification and one method of validation that the center
could use to minimize errors. (6 marks)
b. Discuss the importance of implementing both verification and validation during
data entry in this context. (4 marks)

o Verification: Cross-check registration details against ID.

o Validation: Use drop-down menus for consistent data entry.
o b. Importance:
o Ensures accurate data entry and prevents delays caused by errors.

9. a. List three factors the teacher should consider when evaluating the reliability of the
online data. (6 marks)
b. Recommend two strategies for ensuring that the information used is accurate and
reliable. (4 marks)

o Author's credentials.
o Date of publication.
o Consistency with other reliable sources.
o b. Strategies:
o Use peer-reviewed sources.
 o Verify information from multiple reputable websites.
10. a. Describe how the school could use a local area network (LAN) to enhance teaching
and learning. (6 marks)
b. The school is considering either a star or bus topology for its network. Compare
these two topologies and recommend the better option for the school, providing
reasons. (6 marks)
c. Identify one potential security issue with the network and suggest a solution. (3
marks)
o Share resources like printers and files.
o Provide centralized internet access for research.
o b. Topology comparison:
o Star topology: Reliable, but costly due to cables.
o Bus topology: Cheaper, but failure of the main cable affects all devices.
o Recommendation: Star topology for its reliability.
o c. Security issue and solution:
o Issue: Unauthorized access.
o Solution: Implement strong passwords and firewalls.

11. a. Explain three ways ICT tools can help Peter improve his business operations. (9
marks)
b. Discuss two challenges Peter might face when using ICT in his business and
suggest solutions for each. (6 marks)
c. Evaluate the overall impact of ICT on small businesses like Peter’s.
 Social media for marketing to a wider audience.
 Online payment systems for convenience.
 Inventory management for efficient stock control.
 b. Challenges and solutions:
 Challenge: Learning to use new tools.
 Solution: Attend training sessions.
 Challenge: Risk of cyberattacks.
 Solution: Use secure platforms and antivirus software.
 c. Overall impact

ICT improves efficiency, marketing reach, and customer satisfaction, but requires upfront
investment and security measures.
12. a. Identify three ways virtual learning platforms can benefit CSEC students. (6 marks)
b. Outline two limitations of online learning for CSEC students and suggest practical
solutions. (6 marks)
c. Assess the long-term impact of integrating ICT in CSEC education, focusing on
accessibility and student outcomes. (8 marks)
o Access to a wide range of learning resources.
o Flexible learning schedules.
o Collaboration through discussion boards and chats.
o b. Limitations and solutions:
o Limitation: Poor internet access.
o Solution: Provide offline learning materials.
o Limitation: Lack of personal interaction.
o Solution: Include live video sessions.
o c. Long-term impact:
o ICT makes education more accessible but requires investment in infrastructure
to ensure equity. Outcomes improve as students adapt to using technology
effectively.