Hci Ch2 Conceptulaization Id
Hci Ch2 Conceptulaization Id
Hci Ch2 Conceptulaization Id
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تفاهم
Chapter 2
تصور
UNDERSTANDING AND CONCEPTUALIZING
INTERACTION DESIGN
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C O N C E PT UALI Z I N G
I N T E R A C T I O N DESIGN
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Conceptualizing Interaction
• 2.3 Conceptual Models
• 2.4 Interface Metaphors
• 2.5 Interaction Types
• 2.6 Paradigms, Visions, Theories, Models, and
Frameworks
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2.1: Introduction
• HCI has moved beyond designing interfaces
for desktop machines
• Facilitating user experiences through
designing interactions:
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المشكلة مساحة
Understanding the problem space
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تصور
ّ التفاعل
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االفتراضات
What is an assumption?
• taking something for granted when it needs
further investigation
– e.g. people will want to watch TV while
driving
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دعوى
What is a claim?
• stating something to be true when it is still open
to question
– e.g. a multimodal style of interaction for
controlling GPS — one that involves speaking
while driving — is safe
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A framework for analysing
the problem space
• Are there problems with an existing product or
user experience? If so, what are they?
• Why do you think there are problems?
• How do you think your proposed design ideas
might overcome these?
• If you are designing for a new user experience how
do you think your proposed design ideas support,
change, or extend current ways of doing things?
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Activity (1)
• What are the assumptions and claims made about 3D TV?
Benefits of conceptualising
• Orientation توجيه
– enables design team to ask specific questions
about how the conceptual model will be
understood
• Open-minded منفتح العقل
– prevents design team from becoming narrowly
focused early on, Allowing the team to explore a
range of different ideas to address the problems
identified.
• Common ground أرضية مشتركة
– allows design team to establish a set of commonly
agreed terms 12
مساحة المشكلة مساحة التصميم
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النموذج المفاهيمي
2.3: Conceptual models
• A model is:
– a simplified description of a system or process that
helps describe how it works.
• Enables
– designers to straighten out their thinking before they
start laying out their widgets.
(Johnson and Henderson, 2002, p28) 14
مكونات النموذج المفاهيمي
Conceptual models Components
• In a nutshell, a conceptual model provides a working
strategy and a framework of general concepts and their
interrelations.
• The core components are as follows:
• Metaphors and analogies that convey to people
– how to understand what a product is for and how to use it for
an activity (e.g browsing and bookmarking).
• Concepts that people are exposed to through the product
– task–domain objects, their attributes, and operations (e.g.
saving, revisiting, organizing).
• Relationship and mappings between these concepts
– and the user experience the product is designed to (e.g. one
object contains another, one can revisit a page through looking
at a list of visited sites). 15
First steps in formulating
a conceptual model
• What will the users be doing when carrying
out their tasks?
• How will the system support these?
• What kind of interface metaphor, if any, will
be appropriate?
• What kinds of interaction modes and styles to
use?
- always keep in mind when making design
decisions how the user will understand the
underlying conceptual model
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استعارات الواجهة
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مشاكل مع استعارات الواجهة
• Conversing التحدث
– interacting with a system as if having a conversation
• Manipulating التالعب
– interacting with objects in a virtual or physical space by
manipulating them
• Exploring االستكشاف
– moving through a virtual environment or a physical space
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1. Instructing
• Where users instruct a system and tell it what to do
– e.g. tell the time, print a file, save a file
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Activity (3)
Which is easiest and why?
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2. Conversing
• Underlying model of having a conversation with
another human
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3. Manipulating
• Involves dragging, selecting, opening, closing and
zooming actions on virtual objects
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The disadvantages with DM
• Some people take the metaphor of direct
manipulation too literally
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Which conceptual model is best?
• Direct manipulation is good for ‘doing’ types of tasks,
e.g. designing, drawing, flying, driving, sizing windows
• Interface type:
– the kind of interface used to support the
Interaction type,
– e.g. menu-based, speech, gesture, browse
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Many kinds of interface types
• Command Button instructing
• Drop-Down Menus instructing
• Speech conversing
• Graphical manipulating
• Pen manipulating
• Augmented reality exploring
• Virtual 3D exploring