CULTURAL PRESERVATION: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTURE

AND MODERNIZATION

BEJO, JAZMINE KATE P.

CELINO, SAMANTHA RHIAN O.

DE PERALTA, STACEY KRYSTYL NOHLIN K.

GUMAGA, ELHAAM I.

SELLONA, JAYLORD P.

A QUALITATIVE STUDY SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE

SULTAN KUDARAT STATE UNIVERSITY - LABORATORY HIGH
SCHOOL ACCESS, EJC MONTILLA, TACURONG CITY, IN PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS IN THE COURSE

RESEARCH 7

2024
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Cultural preservation is the act of preserving our old ancestor's culture,

whether the tribes range from small to big indigenous tribes. Many cultures can
be found in the South-East Asia. The Philippines is one of the countries in the
South-East that is so rich in cultures and traditions, the Philippines consists of
three major Island that are known as; Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, and these
three major islands have many different and unique cultures that some are
blended with different foreign cultures like; Indo, Malay, Tshino, Spanish, etc…
Though the Philippines is full of unique and different cultures and traditions, they
are soon to be extinct due to the influence of the modernization.

The preservation and revitalization of endangered languages have

become urgent concerns in a world that is rapidly becoming more
interconnected. This essay looks at the various issues that linguistic diversity
faces and investigates creative approaches to language revitalization and
preservation. The paper explores the social, cultural, and political significance of
language preservation efforts using case studies from around the world. It
investigates how indigenous languages and minority dialects are affected by
urbanization, globalization, and colonial legacies. The study also examines
effective programs that have been put in place to revive endangered languages,
such as digital technology tools, community-based language programs, and
language policy changes. Through the integration of theoretical frameworks and
real-world examples, this paper provides valuable insights into 21st-century
strategies for preserving linguistic diversity and promoting cultural heritage.(
Turdiyeva N.A., & Ashirova M.M. 2024)

Asia is a region with hundreds of languages, cultures, and historical sites,

making cultural preservation there particularly crucial. The only things that can
counteract the risks of urbanization and globalization are pride in local customs,
the preservation of oral histories, and the restoration of historical sites. As
UNESCO's efforts to conserve Angkor Wat in Cambodia attest, it is no laughing
matter to keep cultural heritage alive in a world that is changing too swiftly. As
Hobsbawm and Ranger (1983) would say, tradition is not a static object; rather, it
is being produced and remade for modern society.

The Philippines' Western Visayas region is not an exception to these

modifications brought about by urbanization. The provinces provide for the
indigenous groups in Antique, Aklan, Iloilo, and Capizas well as Guimaras. The
rural areas around each province's towns are recognized as the Ati and Panay
Bukidnon residence communities. A group of indigenous people known as the Ati.
has rounder eyes, kinky hair, dark complexion, and shorter stature. Their ancient
language is called inatè. The Panay Conversely, the people of Bukidnon have fair
skin. Dark brown eyes and straight black hair, and they are also less. Kiniray-a is
what they use as their antiquated-native tongue.(Biclar, 2023)

For a very long time, the indigenous people of the Philippines have
worked to preserve their own traditions. The indigenous Dulangan Manobo
people of the southern Philippines exhibit remarkable resilience despite
challenging economic circumstances. If future generations participate in or watch
violent conflicts, they will most likely experience bodily and psychological
suffering (Day, 2023). However, research indicates that safeguarding indigenous
languages and cultural heritage also benefits indigenous communities' physical
and mental health (American Psychiatric Association, 2016). Peace between the
military and rebels has led to challenges in Sultan Kudarat and Region XII,
threatening their traditional and cultural heritage. The location of these issues are
irrelevant.

This study will provide us with further and newer knowledge on how to
preserve different cultures and traditions that our ancestors had practiced in their
early times. This also gives us the opportunity to teach everyone about the
different types of unique cultures that their community had practiced, how to
respect the cultural lands and traditions that other tribes follow and learn, how to
help and address the issues and concerns in preserving the culture, it also helps
us recognize our own community needs. The importance of this study is that it
will help us recognize and preserve each culture and tradition of each region of
the Philippines.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This open-access book addresses the challenge of making the shift to a

sustainable, low-carbon future through a cultural lens and a unique analytical
approach. The world must drastically change long-standing social, economic,
and technological structures in order to live within the biophysical bounds of the
planet and ensure a fair and long-lasting transition. This seems like an
insurmountable challenge. These elements serve as the foundation of the
framework for examining the connections between culture and sustainability
results, which has undergone extensive testing. With the help of the framework,
culture becomes a useful notion that can be analytically applied to nearly any
sustainability issue. Stephenson demonstrates how cultural revolution, cultural
adaptability, and cultural stability all play a role in the shift to sustainability
through a variety of global instances. Culture and Sustainability is a must-read for
academics, students, policymakers, and anybody else interested in a sustainable
future since it is written in an understandable and captivating manner.
(Stephenson, 2023)

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1. How did these students preserve their cultural heritage?

2. How will it affect these students if their cultural heritage is conserved?

3. How will these students nurture their economic value?

4. How will these students aid in sustaining their cultural assortment?

5. How will these students enhance their ecological balance?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1. Economic Value: Preserving culture can boost tourism, leading to economic
benefits for local communities.

2. Cultural Diversity: The study helps maintain global cultural diversity,

preventing the loss of unique traditions and languages.

3. Intergenerational Learning: It ensures that future generations learn and

appreciate their cultural heritage, fostering a sense of identity and belonging.

4. Ecological Balance: Many traditional practices support sustainable

interactions with the environment, helping conserve local ecosystems.

5. Cultural Resilience: Research into cultural preservation can help

communities strengthen their resilience against external pressures like
globalization and modernization, protecting their identities.

6. Civic Engagement: It fosters local and national pride, motivating communities

to safeguard their cultural heritage actively.

7. Cultural Innovation: By studying how cultures evolve, the research can

promote the integration of traditional knowledge with modern practices,
encouraging creative adaptations without losing cultural essence.

8. International Cooperation: It supports global efforts to protect endangered

cultures through collaboration across nations and organizations like UNESCO.

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

Cultural Preservation: The act of maintaining and safeguarding cultural

heritage, traditions, and practices from extinction or degradation.

Intangible Cultural Heritage: Cultural expressions such as rituals, language,

and customs that are passed down orally or through practices rather than in
physical form.
Cultural Heritage Site: A location of historical, cultural, or archaeological
importance, often legally protected to prevent damage or destruction.

Review Of Related Literature

The term "cultural heritage" was first used in the middle of the 20th
century, primarily by organizations that were concerned with protecting it. One
such organization is the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO), which defines it as "all tangible and intangible cultural
expressions" in a document that was produced as a result of the 1972
Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, which
was held in Paris. When it comes to protecting, disseminating, and educating the
next generation about their nation's cultural and intangible heritage, information
and communication technology have shown to be an incredibly helpful resource.
These technologies have been used to promote traditional locations. Various
technologies are employed globally to preserve cultural heritage. To furnish
insights into technological approaches that can be employed to foster both
tangible and intangible cultural heritage, this article examines references that,
from a technological standpoint, are directly related to the promotion,
dissemination, and appropriation of heritage overall. The aim is to enable those
who are interested in this topic to adopt best practices for their future research
endeavors. This paradigm's goals and underlying tenets include the application
of technology to preventive maintenance of cultural heritage, enhanced energy
efficiency, visitor profile analysis, increased security and surveillance of cultural
heritage, and promotion of preservation and dissemination activities in support of
cultural heritage conservation and dissemination. (María Antonia Diaz Mendoza,
et al, 2023).

It's common to hear that protecting the environment and cultural legacy is
something that is done for the benefit of future generations, but it's rare to
consider exactly how these actions relate to the future. In-depth uncertainties and
precarities—such as waste and accumulation, concern and hope, and the natural
and the toxic—that influence contemporary politics and daily life are exposed in
Heritage Futures. "It serves as an exceptionally remarkable intellectual and
empirical guide for both projecting and challenging future paths, as well as the
strange and foreign places our ancestry will lead us to." - Tim Winter, University
of Western Australia (Harrison, Rodney et al, 2020).

Research emphasizes the critical role of education in the preservation of

cultural heritage. Alvero (2024) highlights that teaching historical significance
within the Filipino educational system is highly effective in fostering cultural
awareness. His study surveyed 70 learner-respondents and demonstrated that
integrating historical significance into the curriculum instills pride and
responsibility toward cultural preservation. The findings indicate that education,
combined with community engagement, enhances the appreciation of cultural
heritage. This aligns with Mekonnen, Bires, and Berhanu’s (2022) assertion that
the preservation of cultural heritage begins at the school level, where future
generations are taught the importance of their cultural identity (Mekonnen, Bires,
& Berhanu, 2022; Achille & Fiorillo, 2022).

Heritage tourism destinations (HTDs) frequently face challenges in

maintaining a balance between preserving cultural heritage and incorporating
innovation, with differing scholarly opinions on whether innovation strengthens or
undermines cultural authenticity (Richards & Wilson, 2006; Santa-Cruz & López-
Guzmán, 2017). Cultural inheritance-based innovation (CIBI) provides a potential
solution by integrating tradition with modern needs, supporting sustainable
development (Wang et al., 2023). Despite its importance, there is limited
research on the factors influencing CIBI, especially in a multilevel framework
(Pikkemaat et al., 2018; Ozseker, 2018). This study aims to fill this gap by
examining how HTDs can successfully adopt innovation while preserving their
cultural heritage (Richards & Wilson, 2006).

This study demonstrates the use of technological models to illustrate or

represent historical cultural heritage structures. This generation offers a wide
range of 3D surveying technologies and many more that rely on these
technological 2D models. These models are techniques that are selected based
on project requirements, money, and other factors, among others. These
technologically-assisted digital representations or constructions represent the
entire geometry of the structure under study. Others employ range sensors or
close-range photogrammetry to create 3D models of cultural heritage buildings,
and cameras are used to gather additional data.(Rizzi, Voltolin, et al).

Cultural heritage conservation gives rise to a variety of study fields,

including language identification, dance automation techniques, social
recommendation services, regional music classification, and heritage building
conservation. The focus of heritage building conservation is on scheduling
maintenance tasks and determining when, how, and when not to do them. In
(Prieto et al., 2017), they suggest utilising multiple linear regression analysis to
forecast the built heritage's serviceability. A recommender system for cultural
heritage based on artwork features by Hong et al. (Hong et al., 2017) takes into
account the social affinity from the user experience and the user's context as
input (Li et al., 2019).

Masschelein and Simons (2013) argue that public schools, despite being adult-
centered institutions, have the potential to challenge the view of children as
parental property and foster a more egalitarian relationship between adults and
children. However, concerns arise about the uniform nature of state-controlled
schooling and its potential harm to minority and indigenous cultures. Despite this,
the literature suggests that schools can play a vital role in preserving and
revitalizing these cultures by creating spaces for students to integrate their
unique perspectives with their cultural identities (Masschelein & Simons, 2013;
Author, Year).

This study will demonstrate how libraries in the United Arab Emirates
(UAE) employ technology to support cultural preservation. The UAE offers a wide
variety of libraries that display or make available to the public its cultural history
through various technological models. In the United Arab Emirates, a large
number of libraries rely on technology to assist record, archive, and conserve
their cultural heritage materials(Binay Baburaj Kaluvilla, 2024).
 Krisnansari and Kasiyan (2024) pointed out that traditional clothing such
as Udeng Banyuwangi significantly contributed to the conservation of Osing
culture identity, a tribe in Banyuwangi, Indonesia. Describing such clothing as
'traditional' dress the authors elaborate on how this attire serves both as an
expression of Osing cultural distinctiveness, and a symbolic representation of
religious, social and spiritual meanings. Such as Udeng indicating relationships
to God, gender roles and social relationship and become part in lives daily of
their culture practice. Furthermore, the continued use of traditional clothing at
community festivals, schools & government offices is evidence that culture-based
values are being preserved and passed down. By carrying out this practice, it is
believed that the Osing tribe will revive and Kebalian become more relevant in
facing modernisation and globalisation (Krisnansari & Kasiyan, 2024).

Khayrinov (2024) also notes importance of sustainable tourism practices for commercial
growth and preservation of natural and cultural heritage especially in case with
Uzbekistan versus South Korea, respectively as per studies. The author makes a case
that sustainable tourism is want to save historical sites. For its part, Uzbekistan has
concentrated on the restoration of Silk Road cities with an emphasis on community
based tourism, and South Korea put in place green tourism and Cultural Preservation
initiatives. Both countries have their share of issues: from infrastructure building to
managing the scourge of overtourism. Regulation and technology have been identified
as critical tools for tourism sustainability. This is supported by other scholars including
González and Pratt (2020) call for community participation in sustainable tourism;
Blichfeldt et al. (2021) studied the use of technology to promote eco-tourism (Khayrinov,
2014).
 CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY

This research will make use of a variety of methodologies to investigate

the role that cultural preservation plays in the lives of Sultan Kudarat State
University students who are impaired. Through in-depth interviews and focus
groups, we will examine these instructors' individual experiences, cultural values,
and perspectives on inclusion in order to accomplish this goal for the project. To
get accessible information on cultural understanding, involvement, and
perceptions of inclusivity.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The researchers used descriptive Qualitative-phenomenological research

to get information on saving cultural heritage for future generations. A personal
interview will be conducted with the chosen participants for this study to gain the
data needed. The information gathered would not only benefit the researchers
but rather the people who are affected by this study.

LOCALE OF THE STUDY

The study will be conducted in Sultan Kudarat, located in the southern part
of the Philippines. Specifically, the research will take place at Sultan Kudarat
State University, Access Campus, one of the province's premier institutions.

PARTICIPANTS OF THE STUDY

The main participants of the study are the students of Sultan Kudarat
State University-Access Campus between the junior grade level of 7 to 10 and
senior grade levels 11 and 12. The participants were asked questions about their
opinions on saving cultural heritage for future generations. The participants of
this study have been chosen through the following criteria: He or she must: (a) be
a Filipino citizen, (b) be a student at the Sultan Kudarat State University, (c) be
between the ages 12-18 and (b) be knowledgeable regarding cultural heritage.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

The researchers will use a sampling technique which is the Purposive

Sampling since this is the applicable technique to use in this study. According to
Bisht (2024), the researchers will be the ones to choose their own respondents
for their study who they think fit to answer their questions as well as help them to
identify how culture preservation will be seen in the future generations.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The researcher will be the one who will construct the interview
questionnaire in the study. Which is related to the personal experiences of the
respondents about cultural preservation.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

Semi-structured interviews were used to gather the necessary information.

First, the researcher will prepare their guide questions. Second, Identify the
participants. Third, the researcher will ask permission. Lastly, they will start
conducting the study.
DATA ANALYSIS

The researchers will use a Narrative Analysis since this allows them to
understand the preferences of their respondents. This is also the easiest way to
determine their respondent’s experience with cultural preservation (Efa, 2023).

RESEARCHER’S POSITIONING

The researchers will make sure that they will ask questions related to the
topic of the research, there are no sensitive questions and no relevant questions
in the interview questionnaire. Also, the researcher will ask permission from the
respondents to use their names, as well as their answers for this research. This
study aims to understand the different perceptions of students in cultural
preservation.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATION

In conducting this research, the researcher will not force the respondents
to participate in their research allowing them to respect the respondent's
decision. Researchers will also provide the privacy of each respondent when
they agree to participate in the study, for the respondents to give information
honestly and relevant to the research study.

REFERENCES :

- Alvero, J. (2024). The impact of education on cultural heritage

preservation in the Philippines. Journal of Cultural Education, 12(1),
45-60.
- Biclar, L. B.. (2014). The Socio-cultural and Political Undertones in
Demetillo's Barter in Panay: An Epic. JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research
 Journal, 16(1). Retrieved July 20, 2023 from
http://www.ejournals.ph/form/cite.php?id= 12371T.
- Bisht, R. (2024, July 14). What is Purposive Sampling? Methods,
Techniques, and Examples | Researcher.Life.
https://researcher.life/blog/article/what-is-purposive-sampling-methods-
techniques-an d-examples/

- Efe, A. (2023, December 14). Narrative analysis: Definition, methods &

examples. Narrative Analysis: Definition, Methods & Examples-
forms.app. https://forms.app/en/blog/what-is-narrative-analysis
- Harrison, Rodney et al, (2020).Heritage Futures Comparative
Approaches to Natural and Cultural Heritage Practices
- Hobsbawm, E. J., & Ranger, T. (1983). The Invention of Tradition.
Cambridge University Press
- Kaluvilla, B. B. (2024). Libraries and technology in the UAE:
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- Khayrinov, B. R. (2024). Sustainable tourism practices: Balancing
growth and conservation in Uzbekistan and South Korea. International
Conference on Interdisciplinary Science, 141-142.
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Symbolic Meaning, and Preservation of Local Cultural Identity.
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11(1), 558-568.\
- María Antonia Diaz Mendoza, et al, (2023). Technologies for the
Preservation of Cultural Heritage—A Systematic Review of the
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- Masschelein, J., & Simons, M. (2013). In Defence of the School: A
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REVITALIZATION IN A GLOBALIZED WORLD.
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