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Murmansk, located on the Barents Sea, is a key Arctic port and the starting point of the Northern Sea Route (NSR), with India accounting for 35% of its cargo this year. The NSR, spanning 5,600 km, provides a vital shipping route between Europe and the Asia-Pacific, gaining attention after the 2021 Suez Canal blockage. The Arctic Council, established in 1996, addresses issues in the Arctic region and includes member countries such as Canada, Russia, and the United States.

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2 views

irmapping_lecture2

Murmansk, located on the Barents Sea, is a key Arctic port and the starting point of the Northern Sea Route (NSR), with India accounting for 35% of its cargo this year. The NSR, spanning 5,600 km, provides a vital shipping route between Europe and the Asia-Pacific, gaining attention after the 2021 Suez Canal blockage. The Arctic Council, established in 1996, addresses issues in the Arctic region and includes member countries such as Canada, Russia, and the United States.

Uploaded by

safiullah ansari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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⑯

Q. Murmansk, popularly called the capital of the Arctic region


and the beginning point of the Northern Sea Route (NSR), is
located on the coast of which of the following seas?

(a) Barents Sea


(b) Kara Sea
(c) Bering Sea
(d) Sea of Okhotsk
News:

● India’s engagement with Russia’s Arctic region has been


strengthening with India-bound goods constituting the maximum
share of cargo handled this year by Murmansk, located about 2,000
km northwest of Moscow.

● India accounted for 35% of cargo handled by the Murmansk port.


Murmansk port

● Popularly called the capital of the Arctic region and the


beginning point of the Northern Sea Route (NSR)

● It is a seaport located on the eastern shore of the Kola Bay of


the Barents Sea.

● Murmansk seaport is one of the largest ice-free ports in Russia


The Northern Sea Route (NSR)

● The Northern Sea Route (NSR), the shortest shipping route


for freight transportation between Europe and countries of the
Asia-Pacific region, straddles four seas of the Arctic Ocean.

● Running to 5,600 km, the Route begins at the boundary


between the Barents and the Kara seas (Kara Strait) and ends in
the Bering Strait (Provideniya Bay).

● The 2021 blockage of the Suez Canal, which forms part of the
widely-used maritime route involving Europe and Asia, has led
to greater attention on the NSR.
Bering Sea

Chukchi
Sea Seas along the Northern
East Sea Route from east to
Siberian Laptev , west:
Sea LSea

Chukchi Sea
Kara
East Siberian Sea
Sea Laptev Sea
Kara Sea
Barents Sea
Barents
Sea

Norwegian
Sea
-
·
8
🔥

White sea

- Recently Russia's nuclear-powered submarine Imperator


Alexander III carried out a successful test launch of the
Bulava ballistic missile in white sea

-The White Sea is a southern inlet of the Barents Sea located


on the northwest coast of Russia.

- It is surrounded by Karelia to the west, the Kola Peninsula


to the north, and the Kanin Peninsula to the northeast.

- The major Sea port of Arkhangelsk is located on the White


Sea.
🔴
Arctic Ocean

-The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest among the


world's five major oceans.

-It is one of the coldest oceans and is recognized by the


International Hydrographic Organization (IHO).

-Some oceanographers refer to it as the Arctic Mediterranean Sea.

Countries Bordering the Arctic Ocean


-Russia: Has the longest coastline along the Arctic Ocean.
-Canada
-United States (Alaska)
-Norway
-Denmark (Greenland)
The Arctic Council is a high-level intergovernmental
forum that addresses issues faced by the Arctic
governments and the indigenous people of the Arctic.

The 1996 Ottawa Declaration established the


Arctic Council

Headquarters Tromsø, Norway (since 2012)


Member Countries

Canada
Denmark (including Greenland and the Faroe Islands)
Finland
Iceland
Norway
Russia
Sweden
United States

Permanent Participants: In addition to the member


states, the Council includes Permanent Participants,
which are organizations representing the indigenous
peoples of the Arctic.
India’s research centres at Antarctica

Dakshin Gangotri: first Indian research base in


Antarctica, now only used as a supply base

Maitri: second permanent station established in 1989

Bharti: latest research centre operational since 2012

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