The document provides a comprehensive overview of Python, detailing its characteristics, applications, and key concepts such as data types, variables, operators, control flow, functions, and object-oriented programming. It highlights the differences between Python and other languages like C, explains various Python constructs, and discusses programming paradigms like procedural and object-oriented programming. Additionally, it covers important topics like access specifiers, type conversion, and the use of built-in libraries.
The document provides a comprehensive overview of Python, detailing its characteristics, applications, and key concepts such as data types, variables, operators, control flow, functions, and object-oriented programming. It highlights the differences between Python and other languages like C, explains various Python constructs, and discusses programming paradigms like procedural and object-oriented programming. Additionally, it covers important topics like access specifiers, type conversion, and the use of built-in libraries.
The document provides a comprehensive overview of Python, detailing its characteristics, applications, and key concepts such as data types, variables, operators, control flow, functions, and object-oriented programming. It highlights the differences between Python and other languages like C, explains various Python constructs, and discusses programming paradigms like procedural and object-oriented programming. Additionally, it covers important topics like access specifiers, type conversion, and the use of built-in libraries.
The document provides a comprehensive overview of Python, detailing its characteristics, applications, and key concepts such as data types, variables, operators, control flow, functions, and object-oriented programming. It highlights the differences between Python and other languages like C, explains various Python constructs, and discusses programming paradigms like procedural and object-oriented programming. Additionally, it covers important topics like access specifiers, type conversion, and the use of built-in libraries.
1. What is Python? Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its simplicity and readability. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming.
2. Why Python? Python is favored for its simplicity, readability, and extensive standard library. It's versatile, used in web development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, scientific computing, and more.
3. What is the difference between C and Python?
● Syntax: Python has a simpler, more readable syntax than C.
● Compilation: C is a compiled language, whereas Python is interpreted. ● Performance: C is generally faster due to its compiled nature, but Python is more productive due to its ease of use. ● Memory Management: C requires manual memory management; Python uses automatic garbage collection.
4. What are the applications of Python?
● Web development (Django, Flask)
● Data Science and Machine Learning (Pandas, NumPy, Scikit-learn) ● Scripting and Automation ● Scientific Computing (SciPy) ● Game Development (Pygame) ● Software Development and Prototyping
5. What do you mean by Python literals? Literals are fixed values in Python that are directly assigned to variables. Examples include string literals, numeric literals, boolean literals, and special literals like None.
6. What is Python Identifiers? Identifiers are names used to identify variables, functions, classes, modules, etc. in Python. They must start with a letter (A-Z or a-z) or an underscore (_), followed by letters, underscores, or digits (0-9).
7. What is a Keyword? Keywords are reserved words in Python with special meanings. Examples include if, else, while, return, True, and False.
Data Types and Variables
8. What is type conversion? Type conversion refers to converting one data type into another. It can be implicit or explicit.
9. What is Implicit Type Conversion? Implicit type conversion, or coercion, occurs
automatically when Python converts data types without user intervention, such as adding an integer to a float.
10. What is Explicit Type Conversion? Explicit type conversion, or casting, is when the programmer manually converts one data type to another using functions like int(), float(), str(), etc.
11. What is a Variable? A variable is a named location in memory used to store data. It can hold different data types and can be changed during program execution.
25. What is operator precedence in Python? Operator precedence determines the order in which operations are evaluated. For example, multiplication and division have higher precedence than addition and subtraction.
26. What is Associativity of Python Operators? Associativity determines the order in which operators of the same precedence are processed. Most operators are left-associative, meaning they are evaluated from left to right.
Control Flow
27. What are Conditionals statements in Python? Conditional statements include if, elif, and else, used to execute code blocks based on conditions. 28. What are Repetition Statements (loops) in Python? Repetition statements include for and while loops, used to execute code repeatedly.
Break and Continue
29. What is the use of Break and Continue in Python?
● Break: Exits the current loop prematurely.
● Continue: Skips the rest of the code inside the current loop iteration and moves to the next iteration.
30. Python break statement:
for i in range(10): if i == 5: break print(i)
31. Python continue statement:
for i in range(10): if i == 5: continue print(i)
Miscellaneous
32. What is PEP 8? PEP 8 is the Python Enhancement Proposal that provides guidelines and best practices on how to write Python code.
33. What is PIP, what is its use? PIP is the package installer for Python, used to install and manage software packages written in Python.
34. Is Python a scripting language or programming language? Python is both a scripting
language and a general-purpose programming language.
35. Is Python a case-sensitive language? Yes, Python is case-sensitive.
36. Interpreter vs Compiler:
● Interpreter: Executes code line by line, such as Python.
● Compiler: Translates the entire code into machine language before execution, such as C.
Mutable vs Immutable
37. Difference between mutable and immutable:
● Mutable: Objects that can be changed after creation (e.g., lists, dictionaries). ● Immutable: Objects that cannot be changed after creation (e.g., strings, tuples).
38. Difference between lists and tuples:
● Lists: Mutable, can change their contents.
● Tuples: Immutable, cannot change their contents.
39. What is list comprehension? List comprehension provides a concise way to create lists. Example:
squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]
40. What is list slicing? List slicing allows you to access a portion of a list. Example:
41. What are Dictionaries? Give examples: Dictionaries are collections of key-value pairs. Example:
d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
42. Difference between array and list:
● Array: Requires importing the array module, supports only homogeneous data types. ● List: Built-in, supports heterogeneous data types.
43. What are Built-in libraries in Python? Examples include os, sys, math, datetime, json.
44. Explain Negative indexing in Python: Negative indexing starts from the end of the list, with -1 being the last item. Example: a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] print(a[-1]) # Output: 5
Functions
45. What is a function? What are Built-in functions? A function is a block of code that performs a specific task. Built-in functions are provided by Python, such as print(), len(), type().
46. Use of functions in Python? Functions provide code reusability, modularity, and abstraction.
47. How to define a function in Python?
def my_function(): pass
Arguments
48. Difference between Parameters & Arguments?
● Parameters: Variables listed in the function definition.
● Arguments: Values passed to the function during the function call.
50. Positional Arguments: Arguments passed to a function in the correct positional order.
51. Default Arguments in Python: Arguments that assume a default value if not provided. Example:
def my_function(a, b=2):
pass
Keyword Arguments 52. Keyword arguments: Arguments passed to a function by explicitly stating the parameter name.
Variable-length Arguments
53. Variable-length Arguments in Python: Allows a function to accept any number of
arguments. Example:
def my_function(*args, **kwargs):
pass
Scope and Lifetime
54. Difference between Scope and Lifetime:
● Scope: The region of code where a variable is accessible.
● Lifetime: The duration for which a variable exists in memory.
55. Difference between Local and Global Variables:
● Local: Defined inside a function, accessible only within that function.
● Global: Defined outside all functions, accessible throughout the program.
56. What is lambda and its function in programming: A lambda is an anonymous function defined using the lambda keyword. Example:
add = lambda x, y: x + y
57. What is recursion? Recursion is a process where a function calls itself directly or indirectly.
58. What is namespace in Python? A namespace is a container that holds a set of identifiers (variable names) and ensures that names are unique and won't conflict.
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
59. What is Object-Oriented Programming? OOP is a programming paradigm based on the
concept of objects containing data and methods.
60. Why we use OOP? OOP promotes code reusability, modularity, and scalability.
61. What is an Object? What is a Class?
● Object: An instance of a class. ● Class: A blueprint for creating objects.
62. What is the difference between a class and a structure? In Python, there is no structure. Classes can have methods, while a structure (in other languages) typically cannot.
