c^¼á...

1. ïVÍ]B½ï^ ¶«EBo_ EÅÍ>k«V? ¨]_? G. xÝm«V\oºïD ÃÂïD - 1

2. Duty P.Thilagavathi,HM ÃÂïD - 1
3. Ø>Fk¼\ ¨[çª ½.s gÂz gh.tpkyh/ cjtp Mrphpia ÃÂïD - 1
4. ek; thH;f;if fzpdp Kd;nd v!;.knf!;thp/ 12 Mk; tFg;g[ , ghpt[ ÃÂïD - 2
5. ,ut[ thdj;jpd; mjprak; - tpz;kPd; FGf;fs; nr.Kusp fpU#;z d; ÃÂïD - 2
6. thh;j;ijfis khw;W';fs; thH;f;if khWk; - j.uh$;Fkhh; ÃÂïD – 4
7. gy;Yk; gaDk; - R.,uhftd;d ÃÂïD – 5
8. fy;tp El;gtpaypy; jfty; bjhHpy; El;g gad;ghL-vk;.Kj;Jf;Fkhh; ÃÂïD – 5
9. bjhz;lh; nfh.nt. thH;fnt- vd;.,ukzpnrfh; ÃÂïD – 7
10. fpzw;WePh; jpUkjp Mh;.mdpjh ghujp r';fuehuhazd; ÃÂïD – 7
11. vd;Wk; Rje;jpuk; v';Fk; Rje;jpuk; vk;.tpndhjpdp XI-B ÃÂïD – 9
12. kuKk; kdpjDk; - Mh;.uh$h mjpakhd; ÃÂïD – 13
13. AN ELEPH ANTS LOYALTY - P.Thangapandiyammal – VII B ÃÂïD – 14
14. ahh; ,is"d; -gp.fdfyl;Rkp ÃÂïD – 17
15. jkpHh;fspd; thH;tpaypy; ePh;g;gad;ghL -,uh.b$dfuh$d;/ ÃÂïD – 19
16. Qpl;yiu gzpa itj;jjhy; ele;j rhpj;jpu tpghPjk;-rP.bfsry;ah ÃÂïD – 21
17. Edptiu brd;wpL -,uh.itif ÃÂïD – 22
18. FWe;jfty; bjhFg;g[ - F.j';fKo ÃÂïD – 25
 gEBz«_
md;gi
[ laPh;/
tzf;fk;. ,d;W jdpegh; tpHpg;g[z h;t[ mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. fhuzk; bra;jpj;jhs;f s;
kw;Wk; Clf';f s;. md;dh Qrhnuapd; cz;z htpujg; nghuhl;l j;jpw;F ve;jtpj miHg;gk
[ ;
,d;wp ,e;jpahbt';fpYk; Mjut[f ; Tl;l ';f s; eilbgw;wd. Vbddpy;; ,e;jpah;
xt;b thUtUk; j';fspd; md;whl epfH;tf
[ spy; y";rj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. ,d;W
y";rk; njrpakak; Mfptpl;l J vdyhk;. njrpa g[w;W nehahf tsh;e;J tUk; y";rk;
v';F ngha; Koa[k?; y";rk; th';F tJ ‘Fw;wk;’ vd;w czh;nt ,d;wp/ mJ jhd; bra;ak
[ ;
gzpf;F ,uz;l htJ Cjpak; vd vz;qk; epiy te;J tpl;l J.

thH;f ;if trjpfis mjpfhpf;f ntz;Lk;/ trjp gilj;njhiug; nghy; thHntz;Lk; vd;w
jzpahj Mir te;jhy; Fw;w czh;t[ vg;go Vw;gLk;? bra;a[k; jtWfSf;F fLikahd
jz;l id ,y;iy vd;w fhuzj;jpy;jhnd y";rk; th';F fpd;wdh;. y";rk; bgw;W
gpo gl;l hYk; vg;goa[k; jg;gpj;J tplyhk; vd;w epiy ,Ug;gjhy; jhnd ijhpakhf ,e;jj;
jtiwr; bra;aj; Jhz;LfpwJ. njitaw;w rl;l ';f s;/ fhyjhkjk; Mfpaitjhd;
bghJkf;fis y";rk; bfhLj;jhyhtJ fhhpaj;ij rhjpj;Jf; bfhs;nthk; vd;w
epiyg;ghl;il vLf;f itj;Js;sJ.

gs;sp khzth;f spilna bjhpahky; ,Ue;j y";rk; gw;wpa bra;jpfs; Clf';f shy;
mGj;jkhf kdjpy; gjpe;J tpl;l d. gp";R kd';fspy; j";rkile;Js;s ,e;j vz;z ';f s;
tU';f hy';f spy; y";rk; bgWtJ jtW vd bgh';fpbaGkh? my;y J ml';fp tpLkh?

ew;gz;gf
[ s;/ neh;ik vz;z ';f s; khzth;fspd; ,sk; gUtj;jpnyna ePjpf; fijfs; \yk;
mwpt[Wj;jg;gl ntz;Lk;. ,it FLk;g"; rhh;e;j gz;g[f s;/ FLk;gg; bghpnahh;f s;/
FHe;ijfs; kdjpy; gjpa itf;F k; czh;tf
[ s;jhd; fhyk; KGJk; epiyf;F k;.
Mrphpah;fSk;/ bgw;nwhh;fSk; czh;e;J bray;gl ntz;o a jUzk; ,J.
fhe;jpaofs; murpaypy; cah;e;jtuh > vjpy;> Duty
jpU.f.Kj;Juhkyp';fk; P.Thilagavathi,HM
KJfiy ntjpapay; Mrphpah;
Revolving round the sun
fhe;jpaofs; murpaypy; cah;e;jtuh> vd;why;/
Reaching its goal no fun
,y;iy. mtiu tpl cah;e;jtuhf btsp ehLfspy;
Earth moves on milky way
fy;tp gapd;W/ btspehL + cs;ehl;L murpay; bjhpe;j
Worth teaching our brisky way
gz;oj neU cah;e;jtuhf ,Ue;jhh;.
The sun never takes any holiday
fhe;jpaofs; eph;thfj; jpwikapy; cah;e;jtuh> The air never applies for off day
vd;why;/ ,y;iy. mtiu tpl cah;e;jtuhf The nature preaches all the day
,e;jpahtpd; ,Uk;g[ kdpjuhf ty;ygha;gnly; Thousand way to live the gay
,Ue;jhh;. Duty-bound are beauty-bound
fhe;jpaofs; Md;kPfj;jpy; cah;e;jtuh> Pretty lead their life around
vd;why;/ ,y;iy. mtiu tpl cah;e;jtuhf g{jhd
je;ij tpndhgh ,Ue;jhh;. bja;tnk vd;id o.tp. Mf;F
gh.tpkyh/ cjtp Mrphpia
fhe;jpaofs; fy;tpawptpy; cah;e;jtuh>
vd;why;/ ,y;iy. mtiu tpl cah;e;jtuhf
mg[y;fyhk; Mrhj; ,Ue;jhh;. mJ Xh; muk;gg; gs;sp.
fhe;jpaofs; mfpk;irbfhs;ifapy; ehd;fhk; tFg;g[ Mrphpia jd; khzth;fsplk; eP
cah;e;jtuh> vd;why; mJt[k; ,y;iy. mtiu tpl vd;dthf ntz;Lk; vd;W flt[splk; tuk; nfl;gha;>
cah;e;jtuhf ghujehl;od; Kjy; uh#;ougjpahf vd;w jiyg;gpy; xU fl;Liu vGjr; brhd;dhh;.
,Ue;j ghg[ ,uhn$e;jpu gpurhj; tps';fpdhh;. vGjg;gl;l fl;Liufisj; jd; tPl;Lf;F vLj;Jr;
brd;whh;. tPl;oy; xt;bthd;whfg; goj;j nghJ xU
Mdhy; ,th;fs; vy;nyhiua[k; tpl kfhj;kh
fl;Liu mth; cs;sj;ijj; bjhl;lJ fz;zPiu
fhe;jpaofs; kpf cah;e;jtuhf ,Ue;jhh;. vjpy; vd;why;
tutiHj;jJ.
“cs;sj;jhy;”. mtUila cs;sk; cah;e;j cs;sk;.
mtuJ fzth; vd;dbtd;W tprhhpj;jhh;. Mrphpia
vijr; bra;jhnuh mijj; jhd; brhd;dhh;. jhd;
brhy;ypaijr; bra;jhh;. ',J vd; khzth;fSs; xUtd; vGjpaJ. goj;Jg;
ghU';fs;' vd;whh;. mf;fl;Liuapd; jiyg;g[ vd;d
,jdhy; jhd; fhe;jpaofs; vy;nyhh; kdjpYk;
bjhpa[kh>
eP';fhj ,lj;ijg; gpoj;Js;shh;.
bja;tnk vd;id xU o.tpahf;F!
ve;jj; Jiwiar; nrh;e;j btw;wpahsUk;/ me;j gp";R cs;sj;jpy; ,ij vGJk; vz;zk;
rhjidahsUk; ,e;j thh;j;ijfspy; cz;lhdJ vg;go> eP';fns goj;Jg; ghU';fnsd;.
bghjpe;jpUf;Fk; ke;jpuj;ij mwpe;jpUg;ghh;fs;
“Jd;g ';f Sf;F ,ilapy;j hd; flt[ns ,d;W ehd; cd;dplk; xU tuk; nfl;fpnwd;.
tha;g ;g f
[ s; xspe;j pUf;f pd;w d” mij eP kWf;ff; TlhJ. mJ vd;d bjhpa[kh> eP
vd;id xU o.tp.ahf;fptpL. Vbdd;why; vd; tPl;oy;

1
o.tp ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; ehd; ,Ug;ngd;. mg;nghJ vd; FLk;gj;jpy; vy;nyhUnk ntW vJt[nk
vdf;bfd;W xU jdp ,lk; ,Uf;Fk;. vd; FLk;gj;jpy; Kf;fpakpy;iy vd;ndhL ,Ug;gJ kl;Lnk Kf;fpak;
vy;nyhUk; vd;idr; Rw;wpna ,Ug;ghh;fs;. ehd; vd vg;nghJk; epidg;ghhh;fs;. vy;yhtw;iwa[k;
TWtij myl;rpag;gLj;j khl;lhh;fs;. vy;nyhhpd; xJf;fp itj;J tpl;L rpwpJ neukhtJ vd;Dld;
ftdKk; ghh;ita[k; vd; nky;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;. ehd; ,Ug;ghh;fs;. Kf;fpakhf ehd; mth;fis vy;yhk;
TWtij FWf;nf ngrhky; KGtJkhf kjpj;Jf; vg;nghJk; re;njhrkhfr; rphpf;f itg;ngd;. ,iwth
nfl;ghh;fs;. ehd; cd;dplk; mjpfkhf xd;Wk; nfl;ftpy;iy.
o.tp.hpg;nguhdhy; mij mg;gh cldoahf vd;id o.tpahf khw;wptpL. mJ nghJk;.
ftdpf;fpwhh;. mJ nghy; vdf;F xU gpur;rid vd;why; mg;goj;jhd; ehd; thH tpUk;g[fpnwd;.
vd;ida[k; mth; rPf;fpuk; ftdpg;ghh;/ ,y;iyah> -,g;go Koe;jpUe;jJ mf;fl;Liu
,iwth/ ehd; o.tp. ahdhy;...> me;jr; rpWtdpd; flLiuiag; goj;J Koj;jt[ld;
mg;gh mYtyfj;jpy; ,Ue;J fisj;J te;jJk; Mrphpiaapd; fztd;/ 'ghtk; mtd;' / mtDf;F
mjd; Kd; cl;fhUtJ nghy; vd;DlDk; te;J vg;gog;gl;l bgw;nwhh;fs;. gps;isfis vg;go
mkh;thh; my;yth> mk;kh tUj;jkhf ,Uf;Fk; tsh;f;f ntz;Lk; vd;W bjhpa 'ntz;lhkh'...> vd;whh;
nghJk; \l; mt[l;lhFk; nghJk; vd;id myl;rpakhf.
cjhrPdg;gLj;j khl;lhh;/ ,y;iyah> kidtpnah fz;zPiuj; Jilj;jgo ek; kfd;jhd;
,ij vGjpdhd; vd;whs;. fztd; jpifj;J epd;whd;.
ahh; vd;Dld; ,Ug;gJ vd;gjw;fhfnt vdJ bgw;nwhh;fSf;Fj; jd; epiyia czh;j;jpa bghWg;g[
mz;zd; jk;gpfs; vy;nyhUk;/ xUtUf;bfhUth; kpf;f rpWtdpd; Mj';fk; ,J.
rz;ilapl;Lf;bfhs;thh;fs;.
vjph;fhyj;jpy; vd;d neUnkh vd;W fzf;Fg; ghh;j;Jf; bfhz;n l ,Ug;gtdhy; vija[k;
rhjpf;f KoahJ Kad;W bray;fis bra;gtnd thH;f;ifapy; btw;wp bgWthd;- Rthkp$p

bra;j pj; Jspfs;

10 Mk; tFg;g[ kw;Wk; 12 Mk; tFg;g[ bghJj; khzth;fs; tpsahl;oid nkk;gLj;Jk; tpjkhf
njh;t[fspy; gs;spmstpy; mjpf kjpg;bgz; bgw;w g[jpjhf Tilg;ge;jhl;l ikjhdk; +gha; 8 yl;rk;
khzt/ khztpfSf;F jiyth; nguhrphpah; Mh; brytpy; mikf;fg;gl;lJ. vkJ gs;sp
nt';flrhkp mth;fs; nkw;gog;gpw;fhd Tilg;ge;jhl;l mzp khzth;fSld; fhtyh; Til
Mnyhridfisa[k;/ mwpt[iufisa[k; tH';fp ge;jhl;l mzp gapw;rpahsh; jpU u@gPf;/ Mrpukj;
ghuhl;o ngrpanghJ vLj;j glk;. jiyth;/ jiyikahrphpia kw;Wk; Mrphpah;fs;.

2
 ek; thH;f;if fzpdp Kd;nd ruhrhp ,utpy; ed;F xspuf; Toa 1000-
v!;.knf!;thp/ 12 Mk; tFg;g[ , ghpt[ 1500 el;rj;jpuk; vd;Dk; tpz;kPd;fisf; fhzyhk;.
cz;ikapy; mit btF bjhiytpy; R{hpaid tpl
xU gad;ghL vd;gJ ntiyf;fhf kpfg; bghpjhft[k; cs;sd. mtw;wpy; gpufhrkhd
epfH;r;rp vd;gJ bjiyf;fhl;rpf;fhf tpz;kPd;fs; ,';fpUe;J fhqk; nghJ mUfUnf
rpW fh;rh; Tl Fwpg;g[f;fhf bjhpfpd;wd. ,J Fwpg;gpl;l totikg;gpy; ekf;Fj;
xt;bthU tpirg; gyifa[k; xU gpahndhnt... bjhpfpwJ. mj;jifa totikg;igf; bfhz;L/
epidt[ vd;gJ fhyj;ij btd;W epw;f mtw;iw epidtpy; bfhs;tjw;fhf xt;bthU
xt;bthU FWe;jfLk; xU t';fp fzf;nf tpz;kPd; FGtpw;Fk; bgahplg;gl;lJ.
nkUk; eP';fs; xU CD apy; kiwj;jhy;-byd;!; ,jd; Mjp vJ> Rkhh; 6000 Mz;LfSf;F
itj;Jk; ahUk; fz;L gpof;f Koahnj... Kd;gpUe;nj ehl;fhl;o nghd;wit ,y;yhj fhyj;jpny
bghpa jftiyf; Tl rpwpa tptrhapfs; jh';fs; vg;nghJ tpijf;f ntz;Lk;/
igYf;Fs; mlf;fp tplyhk;-ftdk; vg;nghJ mwtil bra;a ntz;Lk; vd;gij
mij ufrpakhf g{l;l tpy;iybadpy; bjhptjw;fhf tpz;kPd; FGf;fis milahsk;
c';fis g{l;o tpLth; rpiwapny.... fz;ljhff; Twg;gLfpwJ.
Qhh;l; oiut; vd;gJ xU bghpa ghij
Vbddpy; rpy tpz;kPd; FGf;fs; tlf;F
Log vd;gJ beUg;g[ ge;jk;
thdj;jpy; nfhil fhyj;jpy; kl;Lk; njhd;Wk; ( c-k;-
kt[!; vd;gJ kt[Rf;fhf my;y
Scorpius) ,J nghy; xt;bthU fhyepiyf;Fk;
ek; Fwpg;ig fzpdpaplk; brhy;tjw;nf....
xt;bthU tpz;kPd; FGf;fis milahsk; fz;L
btl;of; bfhs;syhk; fj;jpapy;yhky; jftiy
bgahpl;ldh;.
xl;oa[k; bfhs;syhk; girapy;yhky; jftiy
rpye;jp fl;oa tiyay;y ,d;lh; bel; ghgpnyhdpah;fSk;/ fpnuf;fh;fSk; tlf;F
itu!; kl;Lk; ,jw;F ez;gd; my;y... thdj;jpYs;s tpz;kPd; FGf;fis milahsk;
ehd; epidf;fpnwd; vd; epidt[fisj; fz;L itj;jpUe;jdh;. mJnghy; bjd; JUt
njf;fp itj;Jf; bfhs;s thdj;jpYs;s tpz;kPd; FGf;fis Inuhg;gpah;fs;
mij mHpf;Fk; chpik milahsk; fz;oUe;jdh;.
vdf;Fnk Mk; vd; fzpdpf;Fnk... 1922 y; IAU (International Astronomical Union)
mfpy cyf thdpay; Tl;likg;g[ vy;yh
,ut[ thdj;jpd; mjprak; - tpz;kPd; FGf;fs; tpz;kPd;fisa[k; Muha;e;J 88 tpz;kPd; FGf;fis
nr.Kusp fpU#;zd; gl;oaypl;L totj;jpw;nfw;whw;nghy; bgaUk; ,l;lJ.
gl;ljhhp Mrphpah;
mjd; gpd;dh; “<p$pd; bly;nghh;l”; vd;gth; xt;bthU
,ut[ thdnk mjprak; jhd;. mjpYk;
tpz;kPd; FGt[f;Fk; vy;iy tiuaiw bra;jhh;.;
nfhs;fs; nghypy;yhky; brhe;jkhf Mw;wiy cw;gj;jp
bra;J xspuf; Toa tpz;kPd;fs; ,d;Dk; mjprak; vy;yh tpz;kPd; FGf;fSk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l
jhd;. mjpYk; mijtpl mjprak; xd;Wz;L. totj;ij bfhz;Ls;sJ. cjhuzkhf ,e;j ,U
mjidjhd; mwpag; nghfpnwhk;. gl';fisa[k; ghh;f;fyhk;/ Kjy; glj;jpYs;s
3
tpz;kPd;fs; xU ntlidg; nghyt[k; ifapy; “thh;j;ijfis khw;W';fs; thH;f;if khWk;”
rp';fj;jiya[k;> fz;zpy; fhisiaa[k;/ gpd;dhy; (brd;id _uhkfpU#;zklk; me;jh; nahfj;jpy; -
ehiaa[k; ehk; ghh;f;fyhk;. ,jid ,uz;lhk; Rthkpfspd; Tw;W )

glj;ijg; ghh;j;J cWjp bra;ayhk;. T.u$;Fkhh;

gl;ljhhp Mrphpah;
“vz;zj;jpy; ftdkha; ,U';fs;
Vbddpy; vz;;z';fs;jhk; brhw;fshfpd;wd...
brhy;ypy; ftdkha; ,U';fs;
Vbddpy; brhw;fs;jhk; bray;fshfpd;wd....
braypy; ftdkha; ,U';fs;
Vbddpy; bray;fs;jhk; gHf;f';fshfpd;wd....
gHf;fj;jpy; ftdkha; ,U';fs;
vbddpy; gHf;f';fs;jhk; xGf;f';fshfpd;wd...
nkw;fz;l glj;jpy; Orion, Taurus, Canis Major, xGf;fj;jpy; ftdkha; ,U';fs;
Lapus nghd;w tpz;kPd; FGf;fs; cs;sd.
Vbddpy; xGf;f';fs;jhk; c';fs; thH;it
tpz;kPd; FGf;fspy; mjpf gpufhrkhd tpz;kPd; totikf;fpd;wd”
FG “Crux” MFk;. mjpf vz.;zpf;ifapyhd mKj thf;Ffs;
tpz;kPd;fisf; bfhz;l FG “Centaurus” (101
tpz;kPd;fisf; bfhz;lJ) mjpf gug;igf; bfhz;l cd;id ,fGk; nghJ
tpz;kPd; FG ePh; gug;gpd; totk; bfhz;l “Hydra” eP fhl;Lk; mlf;fk; bghpjd;W
(3.158% thdj;jpd; gug;ig nfhz;lJ) cd;idg; g[fGk; nghJ
eP fhl;Lk; mlf;fk; bghpa btw;wpahFk;.
tpz;kPd;FGf;fSf;F ,ilna cs;s rpy
xw;Wikfisf; bfhz;L 88 FGf;fs; 8 bra;j pj; Jspfs;
FLk;g';fshfg; gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd mit

Zodiac -12 tpz;kPd; FGf;fs;

UrsaMajor -10 tpz;kPd; FGf;fs;
Perseus -9 tpz;kPd; FGf;fs;
Herculus -19 tpz;kPd; FGf;fs;
Orion -5 tpz;kPd; FGf;fs;
Hearenly Waters -9 tpz;kPd; FGf;fs;
Bayer -11 tpz;kPd; FGf;fs;
La Caille -13 tpz;kPd; FGf;fs; 30.07 2011 Mrpuk epWtdh; mkuh; nfh.nt';flhrygjp
mth;fspd; gpwe;jehs; kw;Wk; Mrpuk Mz;L
mhpa bray;fs; midj;Jk; tpHhtpd; xU gFjpahd fiy tpHh tpy; vk; gs;sp
tplhKaw;rpahnyna milag; bgw;wpUf;fpd;wd; khztpfs; tH';fpa tpy;Yg;ghl;L epfH;r;rpapd; nghJ
btWk; typikahy; kl;Lk; my;y vLj;j glk;.
4
 gy;Yk; gaDk; fy;tp El;gtpaypy; jfty; bjhHpy; El;g
R.,uhftd gad;ghL
gl;ljhhp Mrphpah vk;.Kj;Jf;Fkhh;/ fzpdp Mrphpah
“gy; nghdhy; brhy; nghr;R” vd;gJ gHbkhHp gy;
gy Jiwfisa[k; cs;slf;fpa g[jpa g[ykhf fy;tp
vd;gJ ngRtjw;F kl;Lk; gad;gLtJ ,y;iy
El;gtpay; vd;w g[jpa Jiw jw;nghJ
czit ed;F miuj;J cz;gjw;Fk; gad;gLfpwJ.
cUthfpa[s;sJ. fy;tp El;gtpay; vd;gJ fw;gpj;jy;
rpW tajpy; Kisf;Fk; gw;fs; ghy; gw;fs.; jpl;l';fs;/ fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfs;/ El;g';fs;/ fhl;rp-
,it ,UgJ ,Uf;Fk;. Kjy; 10 taJf;Fs; cjph;e;J nfs;tp Clf';fs; ,tw;iw tFg;giw fw;gpj;jypy;
tpLk;. ,jw;F gpd; Kisg;gJ epiyj;j gw;fs;. ,it rPhpa Kiwapy; gad;gLj;Jjy;/ mjid Kiwahf
tpGe;jhy; Kisf;fhJ. 2123/2123x2 vd;w R{j;jpug;go kjpg;gPL bra;jy; vd;w bray;KiwahFk;.
Fwpf;fg;gLk; gy; tsh;e;j kdpjDf;F Kg;gj;jpuz;L bghJthf El;gk; vd;gJ xU braiy Kiwahf
vz;zk; ,Uf;Fk;. gy;iyghJfhj;jYk;/ bra;J Kof;fj; njitahd a[f;jpfisa[k; mjid
Jyf;FjYk; kl;Lk; nghjhJ. gy;iyj; jh';fp epw;Fk; brayhf;Fk; bghwpfisa[k; ,izj;Jf;
<Wfisa[k; ghJfhf;f ntz;Lk;. gy; Jyf;Fk; nghJ fUjg;gLfpwJ.
bky;ypa tise;J bfhLf;ff; Toa Brush bfhz;L ,e;jpah nghd;w tsUk; ehLfspy; Vw;gl;Ls;s kf;fs;
bjhif bgUf;fk; kw;Wk; mwpt[ bgUf;fk; ,tw;iw
nkYk; fPGkhf Paste bfhz;L Jyf;f ntz;Lk;
vjph; bfhs;s ntz;oa etPd Kiwfis fz;lwpe;J
iffshy; <Wfisa[k; nja;j;J tpl ntz;Lk;.
ntz;oa mtrpaj;ij Vw;gLj;jpa[s;sJ. vdnt
xt;bthU czt[f;F Kd;Dk;/ gpd;Dk; gy; Jyf;FtJ
etPd El;g';fs; fy;tpapy; g[Fj;jg;gl ntz;oa epiy
eyk; vd;whYk; fhiy btWk; tapw;W neuj;jpYk;/
Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.
,ut[ J}';Ftjw;F Kd;DkhtJ jpdk; Jyf;Fjy;
mwptpaypy; Vw;gl;l tsh;r;rp fhuzkhf gy fUtpfs;/
ntz;Lk;.
g[Jikfs; gilf;fg;gl;ld. mwptpaypy; gy;ntW
“behW';fj; jpd;why; E}W taJ thHyhk;” g[jpa gphpt[fs; njhd;wp tsh;e;Js;sd. mwptpay;
vd;gJ xU gHbkhHp thH;t[f;F gy; mtrpakhdJ kw;Wk; El;gtpay; tsh;r;rpapd; tpisthf fzpdp
vd;gij ,jd; \yk; mwpayhk;. czit thapy; El;g';fs;/ bjhiyj; bjhlh;g[ El;g';fs;/
miuj;J tpG';Fjypy; czt[ kz;lyk; kpd;dDtpay; El;g';fs; ,it midj;Jk;
Muk;gkhfpd;wJ. Muk;gk; ed;wha; ,Ue;jhy; ,ize;J bra;jp jfty; bjhHpy;El;gtpay; vd;w
midj;Jk; ed;wha; ,Uf;Fk;. mjdhnyna g[jpa Jiw cUthtjw;F fhuzkhf cs;sJ.
bghpath;fs; czitf;Fo> ePiu cz; vd;W a[bd!;nfhtpd; fUj;Jg;go/ mwptpay;/ El;gtpay;/
TwpapUf;fpwhh;fs;; czit ed;F bkd;W
jpl nkyhz;ik El;g';fspdhy; jfty;fis ifahz;L
czit jput czthf ckpH;ePh; cjtpahy; cz;lhy; kdpjdpd; r\f/ bghUshjhu/ fyhr;rhu
cztpd; mst[ Fiwa[k;. cz;qk; neuk; kl;Lk; Kd;ndw;wj;jpw;fhf ,j;jfty;fis fzpg;bghwpa[ld;
TLk;. ,jdhy; muit cWg;g[fs; nrjk; ,y;yhJ bray;gLj;jp gad;gLj;Jtnj bra;jp jfty;
tapw;wpd; brhpkhdj;jpw;F ed;F cjt[k; nkYk; El;gtpay; MFk;.
gy;ntW neha;fis beU';ftplhky;
jLf;fyhk;. RUf;fkhf brhy;y ntz;Lkhdhy; fzpg;bghwp kw;Wk;
thGk; ehl;fis tre;j ehl;fsha; fHpf;fyhk;. Vida El;g';fisg; gad;gLj;jp jfty;fisj;

5
jpul;o/ xU';fpizj;J nrkpj;J mjid bjhiyj; bjhlh;g[ kpFe;j tsh;r;rp bgw;wJ. ,jd;
midthplKk; gutyhf;FtJ vd;gnj bra;jp jfty; fhuzkhf ehl;od; Kf;fpa mwptpay; ika';fs;
bjhHpy;El;gtpay; MFk;. kw;Wk; rpy gy;fiyf;fHf';fs; bjhiyj; bjhlh;g[
Rje;jpuk; bgw;w gpwF ,e;jpa fy;tp Kaw;rpfs; btF gpizaj;jpd; \yk; ,izf;fg;gl;ld. ,f;fhy
ntfkhf tsh;rpaile;Js;sd. ,e;jpa fy;tpia fl;lj;jpy; gs;spfspYk;/ fy;Y}hpfspYk; fzpg;bghwp
rPuhf;f mikf;fg;gl;l fy;tpf;
FGf;fs;/ fy;tp mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. NIIT, CSC, APTECH
mikg;g[fspd; gy;ntW mwpf;iffs; ,e;jpahit nghd;w jdpahh; epWtd';fSk; fzpg;bghwp fy;tpia
tsh;r;rpg; ghijapy; tHp elj;Jfpd;wd. 1986y; gug;g ,e;jpahtpd; gy;ntW efu';fspy; ,a';fj;
btspaplg;gl;l g[jpa fy;tpf; bfhs;ifapy;jhd; Kjd; bjhl';fpd. jfty; bjhlh;g[ El;gtpaypd; njit
Kjyhf fy;tpapy; jfty; bjhlh;g[ El;gtpaypd; ,e;jpahtpy; nghf;Ftuj;J/ Rfhjhuk;/ tptrhak;/ kdpj
njit czug;gl;lJ. Mdhy; ,jw;fhd eilKiwj; tsk; kw;Wk; fy;tpj; Jiwfspy; czug;gl;lJ.
jpl;l';fs; VJk; ,g;g[jpa fy;tpf;
bfhs;ifapy; gy;fiyf;fHf Ma;t[fs;/ fy;tp xspgug;g[ kw;Wk;
ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gltpy;iy. MapDk; ,J bjhlh;ghd bjhiy J}uf; fy;tpapy; ,jd; njit mjpfhpj;jJ.
fl;likg;g[fis Kjypy; gy;fiyf; fHf';fspy; ,jd; fhuzkhf gy gy;fiyf;fHf';fspYk;
cUthf;fpl Kaw;rpfs; nkw;bfhs;sg;gl;ld. fy;Y}hpfspYk; 1996 f;Fg; gwpF braw;iff; nfhSld;
a[bd!;nfh/ mikhpf;fhtpd; ehrh epWtdk; kw;Wk; bjhlh;g[ila bjhiyj;bjhlh;g[ trjpfs; kw;Wk;
,e;jpa tpz;btspj;Jiw ,it \d;Wk; Tl;lhf ,iza trjpfs; mjpfhpf;fg;gl;ld. nkw;fz;l R{Hy;
,ize;J bjhiyf;fhl;rpia vt;thW
fy;tpapy; ,e;jpahtpy; cUthf;fg;gl;ljd; fhuzkhf
gad;gLj;JtJ vd;w khbgUk; ghpnrhjidiar; ,e;jpahtpy; ,j; jfty; jpl;l';fs; midtUf;Fk;
bra;jd. cyfpnyna fy;tp bjhiyf;fhl;rp xspgug;gpy; fy;tp jpl;l';fSf;Fk; Kf;fpakhd Jtf;ff; fy;tpiag;
braw;iff;nfhs; gad;gLj;jp Kjd;Kjyhf gutyhf;Fk; Kidg;g[ld; bray;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
bra;ag;gl;l xU gd;dhl;L Tl;L ghpnrhidj; ,j; JiwahdJ ,izaj;jpd; gad;ghLfis
jpl;lkhf ,J fUjg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j SITE jpl;lk; 1975 eilKiwg;gLj;j cjt[fpwJ/ bjhiyJ}u bra;jpj;
Mf!;L Kjy; ehs; bjhl';fp itf;fg;gl;lJ. ADS6 bjhlh;gpw;F cjt[fpwJ/ braw;iff; nfhs; cjtp
vd;w braw;iff;nfhs; mbkhpf;f ehl;L epWtdkhd bfhz;L thbdhyp/ fy;tp bjhiyf;fhl;rp epfH;r;rpfis
ehrhtpdhy; tH';fg;gl;lJ. gpd;dh; gy mspf;f cjt[fpwJ/ ,iza tHpf;fhl;rp-
braw;iff;nfhs;fs; Vtg;gl;L bjhiyf;fhl;rp fye;Jiuahly; bra;a cjt[fpwJ/ ,iza tHpf;
epfH;r;rpfs; xspgug;g[ tsh;r;rp bgw;wJ. fw;wYf;F cjt[fpwJ/ ,iza gy;fiyf; fHf';fs;
,e;jpa ehl;od; tsh;r;rp kw;Wk; r\f nkk;ghl;oy; jpwk;gl bray;gl cjt[fpwJ. nkYk; ,iza tHp
braw;iff; nfhs;fspd; g';F kpf Kf;fpakhdJ. thzpgk;/ kUj;Jtk;/ tptrhar; nritfs;/ thdpiy
,e;jpa tpz;btspj; jpl;lj;jpd; Kf;fpa nehf;fkhf mwpf;if kw;Wk; gy;ntW nritfs; eilbgw
,e;jpahtpd; r\f/ bghUshjhu/ fy;tp tsh;r;rp cjt[fpd;wJ. jfty; bjhHpy;El;gk; gy;ntW
tps';FfpwJ. Jiwfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lhYk; ,d;iwa
1990f;Fg; gpwF/ ,e;jpahtpd; ,uz;lhk; jiyKiw R{HypYk; ,dp tU';fhyj;jpYk; fy;tpapy; ,jd; g';F
braw;iff; nfhs;fspd; cjtpapdhy; ehl;od; ,d;wpaikahjjhfnt ,Uf;Fk;.

6
 bjhz;lh; nfh.nt. thH;fnt fpzw;WePh;
vd;.,ukzpnrfh; jpUkjp Mh;.mdpjh ghujp r';fuehuhazd;
gl;ljhhp Mrphpah;
Kd;dhs; khztp/ fypnghh;dpah

thH;f thH;f! thH;fnt!! xU uapypy; ehd;F gazpfs; Xnu ,lj;jpy;

cyf cj;jkh; fhe;jpaofspd; mkh;e;J gazk; bra;jdh;. mth;fs; rhg;ghL
ty;yik kpf;f cd;djrPlh; ntiyKoe;jJk; xt;bthUtUk; khj;jpiufs; vLj;J
nfh.nt Iah g[fH; thH;fnt! cl;bfhz;ldh;. mjd;gpd; j';fs; tpahjpfis gw;wp
nt';flj;jhd; ehkk; bfhz;l ngrMuk;gpj;jdh;
bjhz;lh; ehkk; tsh;fnt! xUth; brhd;dhh; “ vdf;F rh;f;fiu” tpahjp';f
(thH;f) gj;jpa rhg;ghLjhd;. fl;Lg;ghL ,y;iydh gpd;dhy
fpuhkj;bjhz;nl ,tuJ \r;R ntjidg;glDk; vd;d bra;tJ vd;whh;;.
kuhkj;Jg; gzpna jpdk; jpdk; ngr;R
,uz;lhkth; Twpdhh; “vdf;F gpsl; gpurh;.
rPuha; eph;khzj; jpl;le;jd;id
mJdhy cg;gpy;yhj Urpaw;w czt[/ kpff; ftdkhf
rpwg;gha; elj;jpf; fhl;oath;
,Uf;f ntz;oa R{H;epiy. vg;gonah fhyk; nghFJ”
(thH;f)
vd;whh;;. \d;whkth;; vdf;F jpObud;W tapw;W typ
kjpapid kaf;Fk; kJit xHpj;J
te;J Joj;J tpLntd; vg;bghGJk; $[hf;fpuijahf
tpjpia khw;w ntz;Lbkd;whh;
czt[/ kUe;J ghh;j;J ghh;j;J rhg;gplntz;oaJ
fjpna ,tuJ fhe;jpa tHpna
,Uf;F ntjid jhd;” vd;W rypj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;;.
rPuha; tHpfhl;Lk; ,tuJ tpHpna
(thH;f)
khDldha; gpwg;gJ vspJ – rpwe;j
bra;j pj; Jspfs;
khDldha; gpwg;gJ mhpJ mhpJ
brhy;tij thH;tpy; vLj;Jf; fhl;LtJ vd;gJ
mz;zy; tHpna vdJ vd;wJ vd;Wk; bghpJ
(thH;f)
nrhjid Mapuk; te;jpl;l nghJk;
rhjpj;jhh; v';fs; nfh.nt. –mfpk;irapdhy;
ghhpid cah;j;jpl thH;e;j ,th;
ghh; cs;s kl;Lk; ,th; ngUk; epw;Fk;
thH;f thH;f thH;fnt!
vd;Wk; ,th; ehkk; thH;fnt!! 2010-11 Mz;ow;fhd njrpa ey;yhrphpah; tpUjpid
SMS Quotes ekJ gs;spapd; jiyikahrphpia jpUkjp
bgh.jpyftjp mth;fSf;F ghuj FoauRj; jiyth;
jw;bgUik v';F Kofpwnjh nkjF gpujpgh gl;nly; mth;fs; tH';fpanghJ
m';F fz;zpak; Muk;gpf;fpwJ vLj;jglk;.

7
ehd;fhktd; vdf;F \l;Ltyp vt;tsnth itj;jpak; “ ,d;bdhd;W brhy;fpnwd; fpzw;Wj; jz;zPh;
bra;J kUe;Jfs; rhg;gpl;L khwnt ,y;iyag;gh v';Fk; XlhJ nj';fp ,Uf;Fk;. mJ nghy ey;y
vg;go ntiy bra;tJ> vg;bghGJ khWnkh bra;jpfis kdJf;Fs; itj;Jf; bfhs;ntd; fpzw;W
bjhpatpy;iy” vd ntjidg;gl;lhd;. ePiug; nghy;. nkYk; Mw;Wj; jz;zPh; Xof;bfhz;nl

mLj;j uapy;nt epiyaj;jpy; kpft[k; tajhdth; brd;W kiwa[k; ,ijg; nghy njitaw;w ftiy/
xUth; te;J ,th;fs; kj;jpapy; mkh;e;jhh;. bra;jpfs; ,tw;iw Mw;W ePiug;nghy; epidj;J
ftiyaw;w Kfk;. mikjpahft[k; RWRWg;g[lDk; kwe;J tpLntd;;. ,t;thW ,Ug;gjhy; ftiyfis/
fhzg;gl;lhh;. mthplk; ehd;FngUk; j';fs; nehiag; tpahjp ntjidfis kwe;J/ ey;ytw;iw vd;Wk;
gw;wpa[k; ftiyg;gLtija[k; vLj;Jf; Twpdh; nkYk; epidj;Jf; bfhz;oUg;ngd;.”
mthplk; mth;fs; “eP';fs; tajhfpa[k; nehaw;wth; gpd; mtUk; rpy khj;jpiufs; vLj;Jthapy;
nghyt[k; kfpH;r;rpa[lDk; ,Uf;fpwPh;fns mJ vg;go>
nghl;Lf; bfhz;lhh;. mtiug; ghh;j;J mth;fs;
vd Mr;rhpaj;Jld; nfl;ldh;
Mr;rhpag;gl;ldh;. “fpzw;W ePiug; nghy; ,d;gj;ij
clnd tajhdth; gjpy; mspj;jhh; “vdf;Fk; rpW kl;Lk; epidj;jpUf;ft[k;/ Mw;WePiug; nghy;
tajpypUe;J tpahjpfs; te;jJz;L Mdhy; ehd; Jd;gj;ij kwf;ft[k; ntz;Lk;” vd;gija[k;
mjw;Ff; ftiyg;glnt ,y;iy “vija[k; urpj;J mth;fs; czh;e;jdh;.
SMS Quotes
kfpH;ntd; Kjypy; vd; flikfis Kog;ngd;.
vy;nyhhplKk; ehd; tpl;Lf; nfhLj;J/ md;g[ld; ngrp
,Hg;gjw;F xd;Wk; ,y;iy - Mdhy;
gHFntd;”. b$apg;gjw;F ,e;j cyfnk ,Uf;fpwJ.
c';fs; kPJ c';fSf;F ek;gpf;if ,Ue;jhy;

bra;j pj; Jspfs;

2011 Mk; Mz;L fhe;jpepnfjd; Mrpuk fpuhk nrth 15.08.2011 Rje;jpujpdj;jd;W fhe;jp epnfjd; Mrpukk;
r';fj;jpd; rhh;ghf bf";rk;gl;o g";rhaj;jpw;Fl;gl;l 7 kJiu mg;gy;nyh kUj;Jt kida[ld; ,ize;J
fpuhk';fs; njh;t[ bra;ag;gl;ld. mjd; Kjy; bfhy;ytPud;gl;o fpuhkj;jpy; ,ytr kUj;Jt Kfhk;
epfH;thf bfhy;ytPud;gl;o fpuhk bghpath;fsplk; bjhlf;f tpHhtpy; gs;sp jiyikahrphpia mwpKf
fpuhk Kd;ndw;wk; Fwpj;J Mrpukj; jiyth; mth;fs; ciuahw;wpanghJ vLj;j glk;.
Mnyhrpj;jnghJ vLj;j glk;.

8
 vd;Wk; Rje;jpuk; v';Fk; Rje;jpuk; Rw;Wr; R{Hy; ghJfhg;g[ (epyk;)

vk;.tpndhjpdp XI-B nf.Kj;Jkhhhp/ cjtp Mrphpia

Kd;Diu:
gue;j ,t;t[yfpy; epiwe;j ts';fs; cs;sd.
1. $dthp- M!;jpnuypah
mitfis cah;j;jp vz;qtJ ek; kdpj ,dnk.
2. gpg;uthp - ,y';if Vbdd;why; kdpjd; jhd; mjDila gyd;fis
3. khh;r; - fphP!;/ ,j;jhyp mwpe;jtd;. kdpjdhy; kl;Lnk epyj;ij nkk;gLj;j
Koa[k; epyk;/ ePh;/ fhw;W/ btg;gk;/ Mfhak; ,itfs;
4. Vg;uy; - ,!;nuy;/ !;bgapd;/ $g;gd;
vy;yhk; caphpd';fspd; mog;gilj; njitfisg;
5. nk - nghye;J g{h;j;jp bra;fpd;wd. vdnt mij ghJfhg;gJ
6. $Pd; - jha;yhe;J xt;bthU kdpjdpd; flikahFk;.

7. $Piy - fdlh/ gpud;!;/ Mg;fhdp!;jhd; ,f;fhy fl;lj;jpy; vy;yh bray;fSf;Fk;

tpist[fs; ,uz;L cs;sJ xd;W ed;ik
8. Mf!;l; -,e;jpah/ghfp!;jhd;/ ,e;njhndrpah
kw;bwhd;W jPik. epyk; khRglf;fhuzk; ,d;W ehk;
9. brg;lk;gh; - bkf;rpnfh
mjpf mstpy; gad;gLj;Jk; gpsh#;of; bghUl;fs;.
10. mf;nlhgh; - rPdh/ nghh;r;Rf;fy;
gpsh#;of; bghUl;fs; ed;ik mjpfk; mnj
11. etk;gh; - JUf;fp mstpy; jPikfSk; cz;L. jPik bra;a[k;
12. ork;gh; - gpd;yhe;J bghUl;fis Fiwj;J mjid gaDs;sjhfr; bra;a
ntz;Lk;.

bra;j pj; Jspfs;

30.07 2011 Mrpuk epWtdh; mkuh; nfh.nt';flhrygjp 30.07 2011 Mrpuk epWtdh; mkuh; nfh.nt';flhrygjp
mth;fspd; gpwe;jehs; kw;Wk; Mrpuk Mz;L mth;fspd; gpwe;jehs; kw;Wk; Mrpuk Mz;L
tpHhtpd; xU gFjpahf crpiy fy;tp khtl;l tpHhtpd; xU gFjpahf crpiy fy;tp khtl;l
mstpyhd gs;spfSf;fpilna gy;ntW nghl;ofs; mstpyhd gs;spfSf;fpilna tpisahl;Lg;
elj;jg;gl;ld. fl;Liug; nghl;oapy; khzth;fs; nghl;oapy; ifa[e;J ge;J nghl;oapd; nghJ vLj;j
Mh;tKld; fl;Liu vGjpanghJ vLj;j glk;. glk;.

9
epyk; khRgLtJ vt;thW>: ,l';fspy; nghl khl;nld; vd;W cWjpbkhHp
vLf;f ntz;Lk;.
✗ braw;if cuk; ,Ljy;. ✔ Jzpg;igfisg; gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;.
✗ gpsh#;of; Fg;igfis mjpfkhf epyj;jpy; ✔ Jzpg;igfisg; gad;gLj;Jgth;fis nfyp
bfhl;Ljy; bra;af;TlhJ.
✗ kz; mhpg;g[ Vw;gLtjhy;. ✔ epyj;ijj; njhz;Ltjw;F fduf
✗ tptrha epy';fs; mHpf;fg;gl;L mjpfkhd ,ae;jpu';fisg; gad;gLj;jf; TlhJ.
tPLfs; fl;Ljy;. ✔ epy mjph;it Vw;gLj;jf; Toa
✗ moFHha; fpzWfs; njhz;Ljy;. xypg;ghd;fisg; gad;gLj;jf; TlhJ
✗ ,urhad nrhg;g[ tiffisg; gad;gLj;Jjy; ✔ btokUe;Jg; bghUl;fisj; jtph;f;f ntz;Lk;
✗ ghiwfis cilj;J gs;s';fis ✔ bghJ ,l';fis Rj;jkhf itf;f cjtp
Vw;gLj;Jjy; bra;antz;Lk;
✗ kiyfis mHpj;J tpLjy; ✔ ehh;f; fHt[fis cukhf;Fk; jpl;lj;ij
Twntz;Lk;.
✗ jpwe;j btspapy; gad;gLj;Jk; kdpj fHpt[fs;
✔ tPl;Lj; njhl;lk; mikj;J epyk; ghJfhf;f
✗ gpsh#;of; bghUl;fs; kf;fhj tpopg;g[zh;t[ Vw;gLj;j ntz;Lk;
jd;ika[ilajhf ,Ug;gjhy; epyj;jpd; tsk;
bfLfpwJ. ✔ cHt[j; bjhHpiy tsh;r;rp ailar; bra;a
ntz;Lk;.
✗ gpsh#;of; bghUs;fs; typikahdJ kw;Wk;
nyrhdjhf ,Ug;gjhy; mjpfk; ✔ kpf caukhd gy mLf;F kho fl;ll';fis
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. fl;ltplhky; muR jil cj;jut[ gpwg;gpf;f
ntz;Lk;.
bra;j pj; Jspfs; ✔ epyr; rhpitj; jLf;f caukhd ku';fis
tsh;f;f ntz;Lk;.
✔ kz; mhpg;igj; jLf;f/ ePh; tsk; bgUf
mizf;fl;Lfs; fl;l ntz;Lk;.
Kot[iu:
ehk; caph; thH tptrhak; njit. tpis epyk;
ghJfhg;gJ ekJ flikahFk;. epy';fs; tsk;
cs;sjhf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk; epyj;ij khRgLj;Jjy;
“jd; ifiaj; jhnd jPapy; ,Ljy;” nghd;wjhFk;.
epy tsk; fhg;nghk;!
vk; gs;spia rhh;e;j 11 Mk; tFg;g[ gapYk; 6
khzth;fSf;F cjfkz;lyj;jpy; g[ifg;glk; nehapd;wp thH;nthk;!
vLf;Fk; gapw;rp mspf;fg;gl;lJ. gapw;rpapd; nghJ
khzth; xUth; vLj;j g[ifg;glk;
epyg;; ghJfhg;g[k;> jLg;g[ KiwfSk;:
✔ ,aw;if cu';fisg; gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;.
✔ mjpfkhd fhy; eilfis tsh;f;f ntz;Lk;
✔ ku';fis mjpfkhf tsh;f;f ntz;Lk;
✔ ghjhs rhf;filfisg; gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;
✔ ghyj;jPd; kw;Wk; gpsh#;of; bghUl;fis
gad;gLj;j muRjil bra;tnjhL> xt;bthU
kdpjDk; kl;fhj bghUl;fis fz;l

10
 ,aw;if thH;t[k;/ ,aw;if kUj;JtKk; btspnaw;Wtjd; \yk; jd;id Fzg;gLj;jpf;
bfhs;s Kay;fpwhd;.
Xd;wp xd;wp epd;W mwpitg; gof;f vjph; fhyj;jpy; neha;tha;g;glhky; ,Uf;f
cWjp/ El;gk; rf;jp ,it mjpfkhFk;. vr;rhpf;ifa[ld; thH;fpwhd; vd;fpwhh; kfhj;khfhe;jp.
md;W md;W mila[k; mDgt';fs; vy;yhk; neha;fspy; ,Ue;J tpLjiybgWtJk; cly;
mwptpdpny epiyj;JtpLk;. MH;e;J Ma;e;J eyk; ngqjYk; kl;Lnk ,aw;if thH;tpd;
ed;W vd;W fz;lgo bray;fs; fw;Wk; nehf;f';fsy;y. gpd;gw;wYk;/ cstpaYk;/ ,aw;if

ew;gz;g[ g[yd;fSf;F mike;J nghFk;. Kiwapy; tptrhak; Kjypad bra;jYk;

vd;bwd;Wk; fUtplj;nj mwpit xd;Wk.; ,t;twptpaypy; ml';Fk;.

,aw;if Kiw rpwg;g[ilj;J ,nj jtkhk;. gz;gl;l cs;sKilnahhpd; Fzeyd;fs;

- ntjhj;jphp kfhp#p ,g;goahFk;

rfpg;g[j; jd;ik -kFlkhFk;
cyfk; njhd;wpa ehs; Kjy; thH;t[k; m";rhik - ,jakhFk;
eil bgWfpwJ thH;t[lndna njhd;wpaJjhd; rj;jpak; - m!;jpthukhFk;
,aw;ifthH;t[k;. mJ xU thH;f;if Kiwnaad;wp md;g[ - murpahFk;
btWk; rpfpr;ir Kiway;y jf;fR{Hy;/ jf;f ciHg;g[/
mikjp - murdhFk;
jf;f czt[ ,itna ,aw;ifthH;tpd; mog;gil
neh;ik - FUthFk;
MFk;.
kyh;e;j Kfk; - ew;rhd;whFk;
kdpjd; epiyj;j ,d;gj;Jld; thHg;gpwe;jtd;
vspik - mHfhFk;
kdj;jpd; \yk; g[yd;fis mlf;fpj; jd;id
Msj;bjhpa ntz;Lk;. jd;id Msj; bjhpe;jtDf;F ,dpik - eWkzkhFk;

,d;gk; jhnd te;jila[k;. jpUg;jp - ey;totkhFk;

xG';F CuhSk;. mfnehf;F Kfk; - jpwt[ nfhyhFk;
bghWik - nghl;oahFk;
,aw;if kUj;Jtk; vd;gJ thH;f;ifia gw;wpa J}a;ik - jhahFk;
ek; fUj;ij khw;wpf; bfhs;StJ. mjhtJ ek; khpahij - bray; KiwahFk;
thH;f;ifia Mnuhf;fpa tpjpfis mDrhpj;J
gzpt[ - ghJfhtyuhFk;
xG';F gLj;jpf; bfhs;tJ vd;gJ nghUs;.
kd cWjp - midj;ija[k; jUk;
mJ kUj;JtkidapypUe;J ,ytrkhfnth
gzk; bfhLj;njh kUe;J th';fr;p rhg;gpLk; fhhpaky;y.
kUj;Jtkidapy; ,ytrkhf rpfpr;ir bgWfpwtd;
jh;kk; th';Ffpwhd;. ,aw;if kUj;Jtj;ij Vw;Wf;
bfhs;fpd;wtndh xU nghJk; gpr;ir Vw;gjpy;iy. Ra
cjtp Rakhpahijia mtd; tsh;j;Jf; bfhs;fpwhd;
mtd; jd; clk;gpypUe;J er;Rf;fis

11
 cznt kUe;J kUe;nj czt[ neuhf elj;jy; - ey;y cwf;fk;
gp.fpU#;zntzp bkd;W cz;qjy; - Ritj;J mUe;Jjy;
gl;ljhhp Mrphpia mz;lj;jpy; cs;sJ vy;yhk; gpz;lj;jpy; cz;L
caphpdk; thH xspa[k;/ fhw;Wk;/ ePUk;/ bka; - (njhy;) - kz;rpfpr;ir
kz;qk; ,itfspd; Tl;lhy; cUthf;fg;gLk; tha; -(ckpH;ePh;) -ePh; rpfpr;ir
czt[k; ,d;wpaikahjjhFk; ve;j xU tpy';Fk;/ fz; - (btg;gk;) –R{hpa ek!;fhuk;
gwita[k; kUe;J khj;jpiu \f;F- (fhw;W) - \r;Rgapw;rp
rhg;gpLtjpy;iy mit fhJ -(btw;wplk;) -cz;zh nehd;g[
Mnuhf;fpakhf neha; ehk; ,aw;ifia kPWk; nghJ neha;
vJt[kpd;wp jkJ thH;ehs; Vw;gLfpwJ ehk; ,aw;if kUj;Jtk; vd;w brhy;iy
KotJk; ,ay;ghf nfs;tpgLk;nghJ ,ij njhw;wptpj;jth; ahh;> v';nf>
thH;fpd;wd kdpjd; kl;Lk; neha;fshy; gPof;fg;gl;L vg;nghJ> vd;w nfs;tp gpwf;Fk;
kuzj;jpd; gpoapy; rpf;fp epk;kjp ,y;yhky; Mdhy; ,aw;if kUj;Jtk; vd;gJ
eilgpzkhf cHYfpd;wdh;. ,jw;F jPh;t[jhd; vd;d/ jdpg;gl;l vtUf;Fk; brhe;jkhdJ
,aw;if kUj;Jtnk rpwe;j tHp Vd;> vg;go> my;y. ,aw;if ekf;F fw;gpj;J
,aw;if kUj;Jtk;/ cznt kUe;J> kUe;nj czt[ ed;ik tHpelj;jf; Toa KiwahFk;
vd;w mQpk;ir tHpapy; mike;jJ vy;nyhUk; Vw;W vdntjhd; ,aw;if thH;tpay;
filgpof;f ToaJ. my;yJ ,aw;if kUj;Jtk; vd;fpnwhk;. ekJ
gf;f tpist[fs; ,y;yhjJ neha; kPz;Lk; thH;f;if ghijia jPikia tpl;L ed;ikapd;
tUtjpy;iy ekf;F ehnk kUj;Jtuha; ,Ue;J gf;fk; jpUg;g[tnj ,aw;if thH;tpay;.
ek;ika[k; ekJ Rw;wj;ija[k; Vd; r\fj;ija[k;
Kot[iu
fhj;Jf; bfhs;syhk;. Vd; vdpy; jd;id mwpjny
KGKjw; flik. jd;idj;jhnd mwptJ Md;kPfk;/ ,aw;ifnahL ,iae;j thH;thy; kdpj,dk;
jd;Dliyj; jhd; mwpt[ Mnuhf;fpak;. nghuw;w/ FHg;gkw;w/ nehaw;w/ kUe;jw;w/
cliyg; ngqk; Kiw kUj;Jtww;w/ kUj;Jtkidaw;w/ fhty; Jiw/

itifapy; Japy; vGjy;/ fhiyf;fld; Koj;jy;/ rpiwaw;w/ eLth; ePjpkd;w';fsw;w/ epykw;w/ ehlw;w/
ePuhLjy; cyfnk xU FLk;gkha; thGk; cahpa epiy va;Jk;
ciHg;g[ vd;gh; ,aw;if thH;tpay; mwp"h;fs;.
grpj;Jg; g[rpj;jy;
“,aw;f;ifnahL ,iae;J thH;nthk;
cilapy; J}a;ik
tha;bfhg;gspj;jy; ,d;g';fs; nfho bgWnthk;”

nrhk;gYf;F ,lk; bfhlhky;> rpW rpW gzpiaj;

jhnd bra;jy;
If not you! Then who?
cztpy; rPh;jpUj;jk;
If not now! Then when?
clw;gapw;rp
cwit nkk;gLj;Jjy; - epkph;e;J cf;fhUjy;
12
 kuKk; kdpjDk; mog;gilj; njitahd czit
Mh;.uh$h mjpakhd; md;dkpl;Lg; grpahw;WtJk; ku';fns
KJfiy gl;ljhhp Mrphpah;(jhtutpay;) cztpida[k; je;J/ rikf;f tpwFk; je;J
vhpbghUshf gad;gLk; ku';fs; ekf;F Xh;
● kdpjnd eP jhapd; fUtiuapypUe;J ,e;j Kd;Djhuzk;.
cyfpw;F te;jt[ld; V';FtJ caph;f;fhw;whd ● trpf;f tPlhft[k; cLf;f cilahft[k;
Mf;]!p$Df;fhfj;jhnd! neha;jPh;f;Fk; kUe;jhft[k; ,Ug;gJ ku';fns.!
● Mf;!p$p[id tH';fp cd;id caph;thH ● vd;nwh mHpe;J fhpahfp/ bgl;nuhyhfp
itg;gJ kuk; vDk; jha;jhd; vd;gjid thfd';fis ,af;FtJk; ku';fns!
czh;e;J bfhz;lhah! ● J}rpia tofl;o/ ,iur;riy cwp";rp
kiHg;bghHpit mjpfhpj;J/ g[tp
btg;gkhjiy jzpj;J bjd;wyha; ek;ik
jGt[tJk; ku';fns.!
● g[y;yh';FHyhft[k;/ tPizahft[k; ,iae;J/
,irkiHapy; ek;ik eida itj;J ,d;gk;
jUtJk; ku';;fs;jhd;.!
● Miyfs; kw;Wk; thfd fHpt[fshy; fhw;W
khRgLk; bghGJ fhh;gd;il Mf;i!oid
cwp";rp ek; thH;ehs; mjpfhpf;f tif
bra;tJk; ku';fns.!
● ,Wjp epfH;r;rpahd kuzj;jpYk; rpijahfp
cd;id kWRHw;rpf;F cl;gLj;JtJk;
● FHe;ijg; gUtj;jpy; eP epk;kjpaha; J}';f kuj; ku';fns. !

bjhl;oyhft[k; mHFeilgapy “eil ● gpwg;gpypUe;J ,wg;g[ tiu midj;Jkhfp

tz;oahft[k;/ Miraha; tpisahl epw;fpd;w kuk; vd;w jhna eP bra;fpd;w

cjtpf;F vd;d ifk;khW bra;tJ> ku';fis
bghk;ikahft[k”; ,Ue;J cd; Mirfis
btl;lhky; td';fisg; ghJfhg;gJk;/
bghpjhf epiwntw;WtJ ku';fs;jhnd! g[jpjha; mjpfku';fis tsh;j;J/ cyif
● gs;spf;Fr; brd;W Mh;tKld; ghlk; fw;f gRikahf;fp/ tsg;gLj;JtJk;jhd; kdpjdpd;
bjhl';fpaJk; E}yhfp/ vGJk; jhahfp/ cd; flik.!
mwpt[f; fz; jpwf;f cjt[tJk; ku';fns! ● kdpjh;fs; ,d;wp ku';fs; cz;L- Mdhy;
ku';fs; ,d;wp kdpjh;fs; ,y;iy!!
● jiuapy; mkh;e;jhy; typf;Fbkd;W Mrdkhf
eP vd;id(kuk;) nerpj;jhy;
cUkhwp cd;id mutizj;J jh';FtJk;
ehd; cd;id (kdpjd;) ghJfhg;n gd;
ku';fns!
● g{/ fha;/ fdp/ tpij vd ms;spj;je;J

13
 AN ELEPHANTS LOYALTY vl;lag[uj;jpy;....
kh.ehfrhkp
P.Thangapandiyammal – VII B
jkpHhrphpah
M';fpy kfhftp n#f;!;]gpah; gpwe;j ‘!;;lh
Many years ago Alexander, the king of
nghh;L Ms; Mtd;’; vd;Dk; fpuhkj;jpy; me;jf;
Macedonia, Invaded India. At one stage, he was
ftpapd; "hgfhh;j;jkhf xU ehlf mu';fk;
opposed by the huge army of king porus was six
mike;Js;sJ.
feet high and rode on the biggest elephant. The
Mz;LnjhWk; n#f;]!;gpah; jpdj;jpy;
elephant bestowed the greatest care on its royal
gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd M';fpy kf;fs; me;jehl;od; gy
masters. While it was still strong it defended him
ghf';fspypUe;Jk; jpuz;L te;J m';nf jpUtpHh
against his enemy. It repulsed the enemy attacks
elj;Jfpwhh;fs;. eprg;jkha; mikjp Fobfhz;L
time after time. Pourus was
tps';Fk; me;jg; gpunjrk; mg;nghJ kf;fs; Tl;lk;
severely wounded by the
epiwe;J xnu nfhyhfykhapUf;Fk; g[s;spd';fspd;
arrows. He was about to faint
,dpa fhdk; nfl;Lf;bfhz;oUe;j ,lj;jpy; fhJ
seeing that the royal master
brtpLgLk;goahd thj;jpa KHf;f';fs; nfl;Fk;.
might fall off from its back, the
mu';f nkilapy; n#f;];!;gpah; ehlf';fis
elephant lowered itself to the grand, Then it
eog;ghh;fs;. gpur';f nkilfspy; mtuJ
gently extracted the arrows from the body of
ehlf';fisg; gw;wpg; ngRthh;fs;. ,e;j
porus with its trunk. It was loyal to its last breath. khjphpbay;yhk; M';fpy kf;fs; j';fsJ ftpiag;
Its valour and faithfulness deserve to be written nghw;Wfpd;w goapdhy;jhd; rkPgj;jpy; mth;fSf;F
in letters of gold. neh;e;j bgUk; tpgj;ijf; fle;J Kotpy; $a nghpif
KHf;Fjy; rhj;jpakhapw;W.
bra;j pj; Jspfs;
gHk;bgUk; kf;fshd jkpHh;fs; tU';fhyj;jpy;
cd;djepiyia milag; nghfpwhh;fs;. vd;gjw;Fg;
gy mwpFwpfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mtw;wpy; xd;W
ekJ ehl;Lf; ftp"h;fis ehk; nghw;w Muk;gpj;J
,Ug;gJjhd; brd;w 1944- Mk; Mz;L ,nj
brg;lk;gh; khjk; Kjy; thuj;jpy; vl;lag[uj;jpy; ghujp
,yf;fpa kd;wj;J ez;gh;fs; xU kfhehL
Tl;odhh;fs;. ghujp gpwe;j Chpy; me;j kfhftpf;F
xU "hgfr;rpd;dk; vGg;g ntz;Lbkd;W kfh ehl;oy;
ntz;Lnfhs; tpLj;jhh;fs;.
2011 mf;nlhgh; khjk; bgsh;zkp jpdj;jd;W me;j ntz;Lnfhis gj;jphpf;ifapd; \yk;
fhe;jpepnfjd; Mrpuk fpuhk nrth r';fj;jpd; rhh;ghf
bfhy;ytPud;gl;o fpuhkj;jpy; tpsf;F g{i$ btspapl;lnghJ ,y';if Kjy; yhTh; tiuapy;
elj;jg;gl;lnghJ vLj;j glk;. cs;s jkpHh;fs; nkw;go nahridia cw;rhfkhf

14
Mjhpj;Jg; bghUs; cjtp g[hpe;jhh;fs;. tR{yhfpf; bfhz;L te;j nghJ vl;lag[uj;jpypUe;J rpy
foj';fs; te;J bfhz;oUe;jd. eLtpw;gl;o ghujp
"hgfr; rpd;df; fl;llj;Jf;F _rpj;jny vd;gth;
thrfrhiy vd;w bgaUs;s xU !;jhgdk; m';F
fl;llr; rpj;jpuk; tiue;J bfhLj;jhh;. m!;jpthu
,Ug;gjhft[k; ,th;fs; ghujp "hgfhj;jkhf
tpHht[f;F mth; te;jpUe;J fl;llk; fl;lg;nghFk;
nf.gp.Re;juhk;ghs; mth;fspd; r';fPjf; fr;nrhp itj;J
,lk; Rw;Wg;g[wk; Kjypatw;iwg; ghh;j;Jtpl;L
kfhuh$h mth;fspd; Mjut[ld; gzk;
mst[fs; nghd;w tpgu';fisf; bfhLj;jpUe;jhh;.
tR{ypj;jjhft[k; me;jg; gzk; lhf;lh; rPdpthrd;
_rpj;jny vd;gth; ,e;jpa njrj;jpnyna fl;llr;rpw;g
vd;gthplk; ,Ug;gjhft[k; bjhpate;jJ. tR{yhd
ntiyapy; gpurpj;jp bgw;w epg[zh; gy
gzk; KGtija[k; mth; bgUe;jd;ika[ld;
gy;fiyf;fHf';fspy; gl;l';fs; bgw;wth;. fPH;ehl;Lr;
bfhLj;jikf;Fk; eLtpw;gl;o ghujp thrfrhiyiar;
rpw;gf; fiyapd; jj;Jt';fisa[k; ez;F czh;e;jth;.
nrh;e;j md;gh;fSf;Fk; fl;llk; cUthff; fhuzkhf
,Ue;j jkpH; md;gh;fSf;Fk; Mrphpah; jkJ rhh;ghf
ed;wpiaj; bjhptpj;Jf; bfhs;fpwhh;.

fofhuj;jpd; bgz;Lyk; rPuhf MLtJ vg;go

v!;.g[#;gk;/ cjtp Mrphpia
fypypnah igrh efhpd; njthyaj;Jf;F
xt;bthU "hapwd;Wk; kj nghjidfs; nfl;fr;
bry;tJ tHf;fk;. XU Kiw mg;gog; nghFk; nghJ

,t;tst[ gpurpj;jp bgw;w _rpj;jny jkpH;ehl;L njthyaj;jpd; nkw;Tiuiaf; bfh";r neuk;

kfhftpapd; "hgfhh;j;j fl;llj;Jf;F ve;j tpjkhd ftdpj;jhh;. njthyaj;jpd; Tiuapy; Mof; bfhz;nl
gpujpgyida[k; vjph;ghuhJ gy rpukk; bjh';Fk; tpsf;F fypypnahtpd; ghh;itapy; gl;lJ.
ehl;fs;
vLj;Jf;bfhz;L ntiyfs; bra;jhh;. jkpH;kf;fspd; mth; \isf;Fs; gspr;brd;W kpd;dyha; xU bra;jp
rhh;ghf _rpj;jny mth;fSf;F kdkhh;e;j ed;wp vl;oaJ tpsf;fpd; miritna cw;W behf;fpf;
bjhptpj;Jf;bfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. mth; tiue;j bfhz;oUe;jhh;. ,J vg;go xnu rPuhff; fhw;wpy;
"hgfhh;j;j fl;llr; rpj;jpuj;ijg; nghynt mHfhft[k; mirfpwJ> ,jd; fhuzk;> tpsf;F vt;tst[ J}uk;
fk;gPukhft[k; fl;llk; mikantz;Lk; mnj ModhYk; Xh; miyit Mo Kof;Fk; neuk;
neuj;jpy; mLj;j ghujpjpdf; bfhz;lhl;lk; rkkhfnth xd;whfnth ,Ue;jJ.
tUtjw;Fs; fl;llj; jpwg;g[ tpHht[k; ele;Jtpl kj nghjid Koa[k; Kd;ng cz;ikapd; njlypy;
ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ekJ Mir. Xh; mwptpay; fUj;ijf; fz;Lgpoj;Jtpl;lhh;.
tpsf;fpd; jz;L jd; miyt[g; ghijapy; xU
mj;Jld; vl;lag[uk; uh$h mth;fs; jkJ
KidapypUe;J kWKid bry;y fhw;nwhl;lk;
brhe;j nkw;ghh;itapy; fl;olj;ijj; Jhpjkhft[k;
ntfkhd nghJk;/ Fiwe;j nghJk; xU rPuhd neunk
ey;yKiwapYk; fl;of;bfhLf;f xg;g[f;bfhz;L
MdJ.
,Ue;jhh;. mnjhL ghujp "hgfhh;j;jf; fl;ol epjp
fypypnah jd; ,Ug;gplk; brd;W gy

15
tifahd ePsk;/ khWgl;l vilfs; gytif vGr;rp kpf;f ghujk;
bghUs;fshy; jz;Lfs; cs;s khjphpfis cUthf;fp vd;.ghf;fpayl;Rkp
cjtp Mrphpia
miytpidg; ghh;j;jhh;. mth; kdjpy; tpag;gpd;
ghUf;Fs;ns rpwe;j ek; ghujehl;od; bgUik
vy;iy tphpe;jJ. ftdj;Jld; ,r; nrhjidfisg;
midj;Jk; mjd; Md;kPf thH;tpy; bghjpe;J
gy;ntW ,l';fspy; bra;J ghh;j;jhh;/ ,Jjhd;
fplf;fpwJ. X ghuj ehnl! cd;Dila Md;kPf
jdpCry; gpwe;j kfj;Jtkhd fij ,jjjhd;
vGr;rpahy; cyfj;ij btw;wp bfhs; vd;W
bgz;LyKk; Tl. KHf;fkpLfpwhh; Rthkp tpntfhde;jh;. ,e;j ehl;od;
$Pt eho Md;kPfkhf ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W
bjspt[Wj;Jfpwhh; Rthkp$p.
,e;jpah cyFf;F mspf;Fk; bfhil Md;kPfk;.
bk";"hdj;ij nkiy ehl;ow;F mspj;J ek;
tp";"hdj;ij th';fpf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhh;
Rthkp$p.
,e;j ehl;oy; eP';fs; ve;j rPh;jpUj;jj;ij
bfhz;L te;jhYk; mjid Md;kPfj;jpd;
mog;gilapy; bfhz;L tuntz;Lk; ,y;iybadpy;
mJ vLglhJ vd;gij tuyhW ekf;F czh;j;JfpwJ
vd;fpwhh; Rthkp$p.
bgz;Lyj;ijf; fz;Lgpoj;j fypypnah mjw;fhd
bra;j pj; Jspfs;
tpjpKiwfisa[k; tFj;jhh;. Xh; Cry; miytpd;

ePsk; vt;tsthf ,Ue;jhYk; mJ miyit Kof;f

vLj;Jf; bfhs;Sk; neuk; xd;whfnt ,Uf;Fk;

viliaf; fl;Lk; fapw;wpd; fk;gpapd; ePsnk miyt[

neuk; khWglf; fhuzkhfpwJ. vd;gJ fypypnahtpd;

Kf;fpaf; fz;Lgpog;ghFk;. ,thpd; nfhl;ghl;il

mog;gilahff; bfhz;nl lr;R tp";"hdpahd

nky;epiyg; gs;spapy; g[jpjhf fl;lg;gLk; TLjy;
fpwp!;oad; bQbQd;!; Kjy; bgz;Lyk; tFg;giw fl;llj;jpw;F nj.fy;Yg;gl;o ,e;jpad;
Xth;rP!; t';fpapd; rhh;ghf +gha; 2.5 yl;rj;jpw;fhd
fofhuj;ij totikj;jhh;. ,t;thW jhd; fypypnah fhnrhiyapid t';fpapd; nfhl;l nkyhsh; mth;fs;
Mrpuk brayh; mth;fsplk; ed;bfhilahf
jd; miyt[ neuf; nfhl;ghl;L jj;Jtj;ij ekf;F tH';fpanghJ vLj;j glk;.

mspj;Js;shh;.

16
 Xt;nthh; Md;kht[k; bja;tPf Mw;wy; ntfk;/ tpWtpWg;g[. thH;tpd; Mh; Cw;Wf;fspypUe;J
bghUe;jpaJ. kdpjDs; bghjpe;J fplf;Fk; ,e;j bgh';fpg; gha[k; g[J bts;sk;.,sik vd;gJ mr;rk;
Md;kPf Mw;wiy mtd; btspg;gLj;jpahf ntz;Lk; ,y;yhik. tPuj;njhL brayhw;Wk; xU kdg;gh';F.
,g;go btspg;gLj;Jtjw;Fj;jhd; rka';fs; vspa/mikjpahd thH;ittpl mghafukhd
gad;gLfps;wd. Md;k gzpfspy; ,w';fj; Jof;Fk; nguhh;tk;.
gynk cz;ikahd ,it vy;yhk; 20 taJ ,is"dplk;
gyk;. cly; gyj;ij ,Uf;fyhk;. Mdhy; mit mijtpl mjpf mst[
mJ btd;W tpLfpwJ. 60taJ kdpjdplk; miktijf; fhz;fpnwhk;.
Mapuf;fzf;fhd tUl';fs; TLtjhnyna ehk; ,sikia ,He;J
Mz;Lfshf Vw;gl;l tpLtjpy;iy/ tnahjpfj;ij miltjpy;iy. ek; ey;y
gilbaLg;g[/ Fwpf;nfhs;fis/ ,dpa ,yf;Ffisj; Jwe;J
Mf;fpukpg;g[ tpLtjhnyna ehk; KJikia milfpnwhk;.
btspehl;Lf; fyhr;rhuj; taJ VWtjhy; clypy; njhy; RU';fyhk;.
jhf;fk; Mdhy; Mh;tj;ijf; iftpLtjhy;/ caph;(Md;kh)
Mfpaitfisj; jhf;Fg;gpoj;Jf; bfhz;L ,e;jpa RU';FfpwJ.
ehL jd;dila ajhh;jjkhd fyhr;rhuj;jpypUe;J ftiy/ gak;/ mtek;gpf;if Mfpait kdjpy;
khwglhjpUg;gJ cyf mwp"h;fis tpag;gpy; nrhh;itr; nrh;f;fpd;wd. Cf;fj;ija[k;/ capiua[k;
MH;j;JfpwJ. fj;jpapd;wp uj;jkpd;wp jd; cwp";rp tpLfpd;wd.
fyhr;rhuj;ijg; gz;blhU fhyj;jpy; may; ehLfspy; mWgnjh my;yJ ,Ugnjh- ve;j
gug;gpa bgUik ek; ehl;ow;F cz;L. md;g[jhd; epiyahdhYk; xt;bthU kdpjdpd; kdjpYk;
thH;f;if bewp vd;gij ,e;J rkak; cyfpw;F ed;F mjpraj;ijf; fhqk; Mh;tk;/ mLj;J vd;d> vd;w
bjspt[Wj;jpa[s;sJ. FHe;ijj; jdkhd jdpahj Mty; kw;Wk; thH;f;if
flt[is kz;zpYk; kuj;jpYk; fhz;fpd;w vd;Dk; tpisahl;oy; tUk; re;njhr';fs; Mfpait
ehk; kdpjdpy; fhzj; jtwtpLfpnwhk;. flt[Sila kyh;fpd;wd.
rd;dpaj;jpak; kdpjdplj;jpy; ed;F bghype;Js;sJ. c';fsJ kdjpd; ikaj;jpk; xU
vdntkdpjidf; flt[shf tHpgLtnj vd;Dila tah;by!; !;nlrd; ,Uf;fpwJ. mHF/ ek;gpf;if/
rkak; vd;fpwhh; tpntfhde;jh;. kfpH;r;rp/ Jzpr;ry;/ tPuk; Mfpatw;iw vt;tst[ fhyk;
tiu me;j epiyak; tuntw;W Vw;Wf; bfhs;fpwnjh
ahh; ,is"d; mt;tst[ fhyk; tiu eP';fs; ,is"uhf
gp.fdfyl;Rkp/ cjtp Mrphpia ,Ug;gPh;fs;. Me;j Vhpay;fs; gGjile;jhnyh
,sikg; gUtk; vd;gJ thH;tpd; xU epiy/ my;yJ c';fs; Mh;tj;ij btWg;g[k; njhy;tp
kdjpd; xU epiy. bfhG bfhG fd;dk;/ rpte;j kdg;ghd;ika[k; R{H;e;J tpl;lhnyh/ c';fSf;F
cjLfs;/ befpGk; if/ fhy;fs; Mfpait kl;Lnk tajhfp tpl;lJ vd;W mh;j;jk;. c';fsJ
,sikay;y. ,sik vd;gJ Jzpr;rypd; Xh; cz;ikahd taJ 20 vd;whYk; eP';fs;
cUtk;. Fw;gidj; jpwdpy; Xh; eak;. czh;r;rpfspy; Xh; tajhdth;fs;jhd;.
Mdhy; c';fs; Vhpay;fs; cah;e;J epd;W
17
,dpa ek;gpf;if miyfia Vw;Wf;bfhz;lhy; ,Ug;gjw;F ,uz;L fhuz';fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
c';fs; taJ 80 MdhYk; guthapy;iy. eP';fs; Kjypy; gwitfs; kpd; fk;gpa[ld; xU rh;f;a{l;il
vd;Wnk ,is"h;fs;jhd;. cUthf;FtJ ,y;iy ,uz;lhtjhf kpd;rhuk;
md;whl thH;tpy; mwptpay; j';fs; clYf;Fs; ghahky; ,Uf;f gwitfs; mjpf
Mh;.rPjhyl;Rkp/ cjtp Mrphpia jLg;g[j; jpwidg; bgw;Ws;sd.
Kf;fpakhd fhuzk; vd;dbtd;why;/
kpd; fk;gpapy; mkUk; gwitfSf;F Vd; #hf; gwitapd; clYf;Fs; gha[k; kpd;rhuj;jpd; mstpy;
mog;gjpy;iy> ehk; kpd; fk;gpiaj; bjhl;lhy; #hf; kpfg; bghpjhf khw;wk; Vw;gLtjpy;iy vd;gJjhd;.
mof;fpwJ. Mdhy; epiwag; me;jf; kpd; fk;gpapy; mkh;e;jpUf;Fk; xU gwitapd; ,uz;L
gwitfs;
fk;gpapd; kPnj mkh;fpd;wdnt mg;nghJ mtw;wpw;F fhy;fSf;F ,ilapyhd ,ilbtsp kpft[k;
#hf; mog;gjpy;iyna ,J Vd;> #hf; vd;why; FWfpaJ. ,jdhy; mjd; fhy;fSf;F ,ilapy; kpff;
vy;nyhUf;Fk; xnu khjphpahfj;jhnd ,Uf;f Fiwe;j mst[ kpd;rhunk gha;e;J bry;fpwJ. mJ
ntz;Lk;> gwitapd; clypy; bghpa khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;JtJ
kpd;ndw;wk; bgw;w vyf;l;uhd;fs; vd;Dk; ,y;iy/ vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf iQnthy;l;nl$; kpd;fk;gp
fz;qf;Fj; bjhpahj Ez; Jfs;fs; kpd; fk;gpapy; xd;wpd; kPJ mkUk; gwit/ jdJ ,uz;L
efh;e;J bfhz;oUg;gnj vdg;gLfpwJ. fhy;fisa[k; kpd; fk;gpapd; kPj mLj;jLj;J
kpd;rhuk;
kpd;rhuk; xU ,lj;jpypUe;J kw;bwhU ,lj;jpw;F itf;fpwJ ,jd; fhuzkhf mjd; xU fhypypUe;J
flj;jg;gLtjw;F Xust[ Mw;wy; njit. kpd;rhuk; kw;bwhU fhYf;F ,ilna gha[k; kpd;rhuk; vd;gJ
vg;nghJk; j';F jilfsw;W vspikahf bry;Yk; xU g[s;spapypUe;J kw;bwhU g[s;spf;F bry;tjhf
jd;ika[ilaJ. mjd; tHpapy; jil Vw;gLk;nghJ itj;Jf; bfhz;lhy; me;j epiyapy; mJ g{$;$pak;.
mjd; rPuhd nghf;F FiyfpwJ. mjhtJ gwitapd; ,uz;L fhy;fSf;F ,ilapy;
gha[k; kpd;rhuj;jpd; mst[ g{$;$pakhf ,Uf;fpwJ.
kpd;rhuk; jhf;fpg; gwitf;F mjph;r;rp Vw;gl/ mjd;
clYf;Fs; gha[k; kpd;rhu nthy;nl$; tpfpjk;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mst[ khWgl ntz;Lk;.
kpd;fk;gpf;Fk;/ vh;j; vdg;gLk; g{kpf;Fk;
,ilapyhd kpd;rhu nthy;nl$; tpfpjk;
Mapuf;fzf;fhd nthy;l; mstpy; khWgLk;.
,jdhy;jhd; jiuapy; clypd; ghf';fs; gl;lthW
kpd; fk;gpis ehk; bjhl;lhy; Jf;fp mof;fpwJ.
gwitfs; midj;Jnk kpd; mjph;r;rpia mnj neuk; xU gwit xU kpd; fk;gpiaj;
Xust[ jh';Fk; tifapy; clyikg;g[ mike;Js;sJ. bjhl;Lf; bfhz;nl kw;bwhU fk;gpiaa[k; bjhLfpwJ
Xust[ vjph;g;g[j;jpwidg; bgw;wpUf;fpd;wd(my;yJ vd;why; mJ kpjkhd mjph;r;rpia mDgtpf;Fk;.
jLg;g[j; jpwid). ,e;j jpwd; xd;Wf;bfhd;W Mdhy; me;jg; gwit kpd; fk;gpiaj; bjhl;Lf;
ntWgLk;. bfhz;nl/ epyj;Jld; bjhlh;g[ila VjhtJ xU kpd;
gwitfspd; clYf;Fs; kpd;rhuk; ghakhy; flj;Jk; bghUisj; bjhl;lhy; kpff; fLikahd kpd;
18
mjph;r;rpf;F Ml;gLk;/ ,jdhy; gwit ,we;J nghFk;. Mw;wy; cz;bld ek;g[tJ xU g[wk;. f';if ePiu
mjhtJ xU bghUSf;Fk; kw;bwhU bghUSf;Fk; g[dpjk; epiwe;jJ ghtk; fGt[tJ vdf; fUjp
,ilapyhd kpd;rhu Mw;wy; vt;tst[ mjpfkhf mjidg; gad;gLj;JtJ kw;bwhU g[wk;. jPghtspg;
ntWgLfpwnjh/ mt;tst[ mjpf mstpy; gz;oif md;W rpy rKjha kf;fs; xUtiubahUth;
bjhlh;g[ila bghUis kpd;rhuk; jhf;Fk;. nfl;Lf; bfhs;Sk; nfs;tp f';fh !;ehdk; Mf;rh>
epyj;Jld; bjhlh;g[ila kpd; flj;Jk; g[Jkid g[FtpHhtpd; nghJ ,y;yj;Jf;Fs; bfhz;L
bghUs;fisj; bjhlhky; kpd; fk;gpia kl;Lk; bry;yg; bgWk; Kf;fpa bghUs;fspy; ePh; epiwe;j
bjhl;lhy; #hf; mof;fhJ. mjdhy;jhd; kpd;rhuf; FlKk; xd;W. ,jdhy; epjp tsKk; ePh; tsKk;
fUtpfisf; ifahSk; nghJ kpd; mjph;r;rp Vw;gl;L Fog[Ftjhf ek;gpf;if cs;sJ.
tplhky; ,Uf;f ug;gh; ifa[iwfisa[k; ug;gh;
bra;j pj; Jspfs;
brUg;g[fisa[k; mzpe;J bfhs;fpnwhk;. bfl;oahd
ug;gh; kpd;rhuj;ij flj;Jtjpy;iy.
jkpHh;fspd; thH;tpaypy; ePh;g;gad;ghL
,uh.b$dfuh$d;/ KJfiy jkpHhrphpah;
cyfpy; njhd;wpa caphpd';fSf;F ,d;wpaikahjJ

jz;zPh;. 'ephpd;wp mikahJ cyF' vd;gJ

ts;Sthpd; thf;F. jkpH; kf;fspilna ePh; gw;wpa

kjpg;gPLfs; gy jpwe;jitahff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
jkpH; kz;zpy; ek;gpf;if rhh;e;j gHf;f tHf;f';fs;/
02.10.2011 fhe;jp b$ae;jp tpHh md;W gs;sp gog;g[
tHpghLfs;/ fiyfs;/ rl';Ffs; nghd;wit
kw;Wk; tpisahl;oy; rpwe;j khzt/ khztpfSf;F
kype;Js;sd. mtw;wpy; ePh;g; gad;ghL mjpfkhf
,e;jpad; Xth;rP!; t';fp kJiu kz;lyk; rhh;ghf
,Ug;gijf; fhzyhk;.
ghpRfs; tH';fp ghuhl;lg;gl;lJ.
ek;gpf;if rhh;e;j gHf;f tHf;f';fs;:
nfhtpy; FlKGf;F tpHhf;fspy; kf;fs; nfhg[uj;jpd;
kdkfpH;r;rpf;fhf jkpHh;fs; g[Jg;g[dyho epd;wikia
cr;rpapy; ,Ue;J bjspf;fg;gLk; fyr ePh; j';fs; kPJ
r';fg; ghly;fs; Rl;Lk; Mog; bgUf;F md;W g[J
gLtij g[dpjkhff; fUJfpd;wdh;. nkYk;
kzkf;fs; ejpapy; ePuho tHpgl;lhy; ePz;l thH;ehs;
nfhtpy;fspd; fUtiwfspy; flt[s; rpiyfisf;
fpl;Lk; vd;gJ
fGt[k;/ mgpn#fk; bra;a[k; ePh; g[dpjkhdJ vdf;
ek;gpf;if.
fUjp mjid cs;s';iffspy; gpoj;J Fog;gJk;
,d;Wk; ehk;
jiyapy; bjspj;Jf; bfhs;tJkhd epfH;r;rpfis
fhtphpf;
vy;yhf; nfhtpy;fspYk; fhz;fpnwhk;.
fiunahu kf;fs;
,Ryhkpah;fspd; ke;jphpg;g[ ika';fspy; khe;jphpfk;
fhtphp ejpapy;
bgw;w ePnu gad;ghl;lhsh;fSf;F tH';fg; bgWk;.
ePuho fhtphp
fpwp!;Jt Mya';fs; rpytw;wpy; gpuhh;j;jid
md;idia tHpgLtijf; fhzyhk;. Mya';fs;
mu';fpy; ePh; Cw;wp itf;fg; bgw;W gf;jh;fspd;
rpytw;wpy; tH';fg;gLk; ePUf;F(jPh;j;jk;) kUj;Jt

19
gad;ghl;ow;F chpajhf miktija[k; f';ifapy; KGf;fhl;o J}a;ik bra;jijf; Fwpg;gpLk;.
fhzKofpd;wJ. tPL fl;Lk;nghJ epiyitj;jy; Kf;fpakhd epfH;r;rp.
tHpghl;L epiyapy; ePh;g;gad;ghL mg;nghJ epiyia eP+w;wpj; J}a;ik bra;J/ k";rs;/
jkpHh;fs; jk; bghJ ek;gpf;iff;F mg;ghy; ePiu F';Fkk; rhw;wp/ g{";ru";R{l;o epWj;Jth;.
tHpgL bghUshf nehf;FtJk; eilKiwapy; fhzg; ,d;gk;/ Jd;gk; ,uz;Lk; tUk; bghGjpy; kdpj
bgWfpd;wJ. Ey;y kzthsd; mikag; thH;tpy; rl';Ffs; gy nkw;bfhs;sg; bgWtJ
bgwntz;Lbkd;gjhy; jk; bgz;kf;fisj; ije; ,ay;ghdJ. tPl;oYs;s rpWkp bghpatshdJk;
ePuhlYf;F(jw;nghJ khh;fHp ePuhly;) mzpakhf;Fk; cldoahf mj;ij my;yJ mj;ijkhh; tuntz;Lk;.
md;idaiur; r';f E}y;fs; ngRfpd;wd. rPjg; mth;fs; jz;zPh; Cj;Jk;gzpf;Fg; gpwnf gpw aht[k;
g[dyho/ rPw;wk; gyk;gho epd;w e';ifaiu ghitg; eilKiw;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,e;jr; rl';F tpHh k";rs;
ghly;fs; Kd;itf;Fk;. jkpHh;fs; jk; ePuhl;L vd;Wk; g{g;g[dpj ePuhl;L tpHh vd;Wk;
tHpghl;ow;Fhpadthff; Fwpj;Jf; fhl;Lgit \d;W tHf;fhw;wpy; Twg;bgWfpd;wJ. ,wg;g[r; rl';Ffspy;
mit \h;j;jp/ jyk;/ jPh;j;jk;. Myag; gFjpfSf;Fg; xd;wpd; bgah; ePh;khiy vLj;jy; ,we;jthpd; kfd;
gazk; nkw;bfhs;nthh; mjidj;jpUj;jyg; gazk; kw;Wk; gpwh; Fspj;J Koj;J <u Mila[ld;
vd;W Twtijg; nghynt tHpghl;ow;Fhpa ,y;yj;Jf;F mUfpy; cs;s ePh;epiy xd;wpy; ,Ue;J
ePh;epiyfs; mike;Js;s ,l';fSf;Fr; bry;Y';fhy; Flk;/ brk;g[ Mfpatw;wpy; ePh; Rke;J tuf; fhzyhk;.
mg;gazj;ijj; jPh;j;j ahj;jpiu vd;W Fwpf;fpd;wdh;. gpzj;ijr; Rw;wp tUk;nghJ Rw;Wgthpd; njhs; kPJ
mkhthir ehspy; flyhLjy;/ Kd;ndhh;f;Fr; rpwg;g[r; Rkf;fg;bgw;w ghid \d;W Kiw Jisaplg;gl;l
bra;jy; Mfpad ePUld; Toa tHpghl;oid jz;zPh; tPH;tJ epfGk;. ePhpd; \ykhf ,e;jr;
vLj;Jiug;git. rl';Ffs; eilbgWtijf; ftdpj;jy; ntz;Lk;.
rl';Ffs; Rl;Lk; ePh;g;gad;ghL gpw epfH;t[fspy;
Myaj;jpYk; ,y;y';fspYk; nkw;bfhs;sg;bgWk; ehl;Lg;g[w fufhl;lj;jpy; bjhlf;f ehl;fspy; ePh;
gw;gy rl';Ffspy; ePh; Kjd;ik ,lj;ijg; kl;Lnk epug;gg;gl;J. rf;jpf; fufk; vd;w bgah;
bgWfpd;wJ. mk;kd; nfhtpy; epfH;t[fspy; Kjy; bgUtHf;fhf tH';fp tUfpwJ. ePh; gw;wpa
epfH;thf fyrbkLj;jy; epfGk;. nfhapypy; ,Ue;J gHbkhHpfs; Vwhsk;. 'jhiag; gHpj;jhYk;
bfhz;L bry;yg;gLk; fyrj;jpy; mUfpy; cs;s ePh;
jz;zPiug; gHpf;fhnj/ kuk; itj;jtd; jz;zPh;
epiyfspy; ,Ue;J J}a ePh;epug;gp vLj;J tUth;. rptd;
nfhtpy;fspy; eilbgWk; r';fhgpn#fk; tpLthd;/ jtpj;jtd; tha;f;F jz;zPh; juntz;Lk;'
ftdpf;fj;jf;fJ. 108 my;yJ 1008 r';Ffspy; J}a ePh; nghd;w gHbkhHpfs; ftdpf;fj;jf;fd. gH';fijfspy;
epug;gg; bgw;W Kiwahd rl';F epiyapy; fUtiwj; g[dy; thjk; Fwpf;fj;jf;fJ.
bja;tj;jpw;F mgpn#fk; bra;a[k; rl';F epiy ,t;thwhf jkpHh; jz;zPh; gy;epiyfspy;
ftdpf;fj;jf;FJ. g{irapy; gilay; ,l;ltw;iwr; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; bgw;Ws;sd. ePhpd; rpwg;igawpe;J
Rw;wp tl;lkhf ePh; brhhpe;J ,iwf;F chpikahf;FtJ ts;Sth; thd;rpwg;ig flt[s; thH;j;Jf;F mLj;J
kug[. itj;Js;sik vz;zj;jf;fJ. Vbddpy;
rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; t";rpf; fhz;lj;jpy; cs;s ePh;g;gil
'bfhLg;gJt[k; bfLg;gJt[k; ePnu'.
fhij ,kaj;jpy; ,Ue;J fz;zfpf;Fr; rpiy bra;a

20
 tpLfij Qpl;yiu gzpa itj;jjhy; ele;j rhpj;jpu
gp.j';fg; ghz;oak;khs; VII-B tpghPjk;

1. jz;zPhpny ePe;jp tUk; jiuapny jhtp tUk; rP.bfsry;ah/ cjtp Mrphpia

mJ vd;d ? jtis jpahfp brz;gfuhkd; gps;is Rje;jpug; nghuhl;lj;jpy;
nejh$pf;nf nuhy;khlyhf ,Ue;jth;. jdJ
2. Js;spj; jphpthd; jz;zPhpy;/ Joj;Jj;
be";Ruj;jhy; b$h;khdpa rh;thjpfhhp Qpl;yiu
Jts;thd; fiuapy; mJ vd;d ? kPd; kd;dpg;g[f; nfl;f itj;jhh;. ,e;j khtPud; xU jkpHd;
3. monky; moth';fp midtUf;Fk; Mde;jk; vd;gJ rhpj;jpu bgUik.
jUthd; mtd; ahh; ? kj;jsk; ,tUila bgw;nwhuhd rpd;dr;rhkp gps;is-
ehfk;khSf;F Fkhp khtl;lk; Fsr;ry; gFjpjhd;
4. ahid tpUk;g[k; nrid tpUk;g[k; foj;jhy;
brhe;j Ch;. rpd;dr;rhkp gps;is jpUtpjh';Th; murpy;
,dpf;Fk; mtd; ahh; ? fUk;g[ nghyP!; Vl;lhf gzpg[hpe;jth;. gzpepkpj;jkhf

5. brk;g[ epiwa uj;jpdk; mJ vd;d ? jpUtde;jg[uj;Jf;F Fobgah;e;jdh;.

khJisg; gHk;
brz;gfuhkd;gps;is 1891 Mk; Mz;L gpwe;jhh;.
6. tpoa tpoa g{e;njhl;lk;. tpoe;J ghh;j;jhy; jpUtde;jg[uj;jpy;
btWk; njhl;lk; mJ vd;d ? thdk; ijf;fhL khjphp gs;spapy;
gof;Fk;nghnj mtUs;
7. ms;s Koa[k; fps;s KoahJ mJ vd;d ?
Rje;jpu jhfk; Vw;gl;lJ
jz;zPh;
'_ghujkhjh thypgh;
8. khL fl;of; fplf;F/ fapW tPrpf; fplf;F mJ
vd;d ? g{rzpf;fha; r';fk;' vd;w mikg;ig

bjhw;Wtpj;J
9. nghthd; tUthd; Jk;gg;gd;. xU fhypy;
rfkhzth;fSld; te;nj
epw;ghd; Jk;gg;gd;. mJ vd;d?
khjuk; ghodhh;. mg;nghJjhd; rje;jpug; nghhpd; jhuf
fjt[
ke;jpukhd 'b$a;Qpe;j'; vd;w nfh#k; mthplk;
10.Fz;ld; FHpf;Fs; tpGe;jpl;lhd; mJ vd;d?
,Ue;J gpwe;jJ. ,jdhy; brz;gfuhkd; gps;isia
gzpahuk;
milahsg;gLj;Jk;nghJ b$a;Qpe;j; brz;gfuhkd;
11.gsgsf;Fk; glbkLf;Fk; Mdhy; gJ';fp vd;W Fwpg;gpl;ldh;. gs;spg;gog;ig Kof;Fk;
thGk; mJ vd;d ? ghk;g[ jUthapy; cwtpdh; xUth; \yk; rh;.thy;lh;
tpy;ypak; !;lhpf;nyz;l; vd;gtUld; el;g[ Vw;gl;lJ.
12.ifa[s;s kuk; vJ? KU';if kuk;
mtUld; brz;gfuhkd; gps;isa[k; Inuhg;gh
13.bts;isf; fhL fUg;g[ tpij mJ vd;d? brd;whh;. mg;nghJ mtUf;F taJ 15 m';F
g[j;jfk; Ma;jphpahtpy; mth; cah;fy;tpia Koj;jhh;. gpd;dh;

21
og;snkh bghwpahsh; Mdhh;. ,jd; gpd;dh; ,e;jpa nfl;lhh;.
rh;tnjrf; FG vd;w xU mikg;ig Vw;gLj;jp mjd; cyifna eLeL';f itj;j xU rh;thjpfhhp xU
\yk; Inuhg;gpa ehLfspy; M';fpnyaUf;F vjpuhf ,e;jpahplk; kd;dpg;g[ nfl;l ,e;j jfty; Qpl;yhpd;
gpur;rhuk; bra;jhh;. Mjuthsh;fis jpiff;f itj;jJ. mth;fs; brz;gf
nkYk; gy ehLfSf;F brd;W ,e;jpahtpd; Rje;jpuk; uhkdpd; capiuna gwpj;J tpl;ldh;. 1934 Mk; Mz;L
gw;wp ngrpdhh;. ,jw;F ,ilna b$h;kd; ehl;Lg; nk khjk; eilbgw;w xU tpUe;J epfH;r;rpapy; tp#k;
gilapy; mth; nrh;e;J ,';fpyhe;J ehl;odUf;F itj;j czit je;J mtuJ thH;f;ifia Koj;J
vjpuha; nghuhodhh;. tpl;ldh;.
mg;nghJ 1914 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; cyfg;nghh; tPuk; tpise;j brz;gfuhkd; cliy tp#k; tPH;j;jp
\z;lJ. vk;ld; vd;w ePh;\H;fp fg;gypy; tpl;lJ. Mdhy; tpz;iz Kl;oa mtuJ g[fiH
brz;gfuhkd; gps;is bghwpahsuhf ,Ue;J fhyj;jhYk; mHpf;f KoahJ. b$a;Qpe;j;.
M';fpnyaUf;Fj; bjhpahky; mth;fs; Mjpf;fk;
brYj;jpa ,e;jpaht[f;F te;jhh;. brd;idapy; Edptiu brd;wpL
M';fpnyahpd; nfhl;ilia nehf;fp me;j ePh;\H;fp ,uh.itif
fg;gypy; ,Ue;J Fz;Lfs; gwe;jd.
KJfiy jkpHhrphpia
,e;j jhf;Fjiy M';fpnyah; rw;Wk;
vjph;ghh;f;ftpy;iy. epiy Fiye;jdh;. ,jd; gpd;dh; fdt[/ MH;kdj;jpd; Mirfspd; mHfpa
1919 Mk; Mz;L tpad;dh khehL ele;jJ. ,jpy; btspg;ghL. ,d;W ehk; mDgtpf:Fk; trjpfs;
brz;gfuhkd; gps;is-nejh$p re;jpg;g[ vw;gl;lJ. midj;Jk; fle;j fhyj;jpy; ahnuh rpyh; fz;l
vk;ld; jhf;FjYf;Fg; gpwF brz;gfuhkd; gps;isia fdt[fs; jhd;. Jtz;L nghdtd; ‘njhy;tp‘
nejh$p ed;F mwpe;J itj;J ,Ue;jhh; mtiug; vd;fpwhd;. Jzpt[ bfhz;ltd; ‘btw;wpapd; Kjy; go’
nghynt nejh$pf;Fk; Ma[jk; Ve;jp md;dpaiu vd;fpwhd;. njy;tpf;fhd fhuz';fisr; re;jpj;J/ g[jpa
ruzila itf;f Koa[k; vd;w ek;gpf;if ,Ue;jJ. jpl;l';fnshLk;/ g[j;Jzh;r;rpnahLk; kPz;Lk;
mg;nghJjhd; nejh$paplk; b$a;Qpe;j; nfh#k; g[wg;gLfpwhd;.
bjhw;wpf;bfhz;lJ.
,g;go kPz;Lk;/ kPz;Lk; g[wg;gLtd; btw;wp
nejh$pa[ldhd re;jpg;g[f;Fg; gpwF brz;gfuhkd;
bgwhky; ,Ug;gjpy;iy. btw;wp bgw;wth; vth;
gps;isf;F b$h;khdpa rh;thjpfhhp Qpl;yUld; nkYk;
thH;tpYk; eP';fs; ,ijg; ghh;f;f Koa[k; ftp"d;
beUf;fk; Vw;gl;lJ. XU Kiw ,e;jpaht[f;F Rje;jpuk;
xUtd; ,g;gof; TWfpwhd;.
fpilj;jhy; ehl;il Ml;rp bra;a[k; jpwik
njk;gpf; fplg;gtDf;F
,e;jpaUf;F ,Uf;Fkh> vd;gJ re;njfnk vd;W
Qpl;yh; jdJ fUj;ij vLj;J itj;jhh;. ,jw;F g{kp Kw;Wg;g[s;sp
brz;gfuhkd; gps;is fLk; vjph;g;g[ bjhptpj;jhh;. ,e;j njly; cs;stDf;nfh
Tw;iw bjhptpj;jjhy; Qpl;yh; ,e;jpah;fis
bew;wpg; bghl;L
mtkhdg;gLj;jp tpl;lhh; vdnt mth; kd;dpg;g[
nfl;f ntz;Lk; vd;W cWjpg;ghl;oy; ,Ue;jhh;. ntW njlypd; g[wg;ghL ,J. ,jidna ts;StDk;
tHpapd;wp Qpl;yUk; vGj;Jg; g{h;tkha; kd;dpg;g[ jdJ tha;bkhHpahf

22
'CiHa[k; cg;gf;fk; fhz;gh; ciytpd;wpj; tuyhW bjhpahj fhyj;jpypUe;nj kdpjd; jd;
Kaw;rpahy; Kd;ndwp ,d;W ehfhpfj;jpd;
jhHhJ Xw;W gth;'
jiykzpaha; tps';Ffpd;whd;. giHa fw;fhyk;/
vd;W Twp CiH mjhtJ tpjpapid ek;gpj; g[jpa fw;fhyk;/ fzpg;bghwp fhyk; vd;bwy;yhk;
jd;dk;gpf;if ,y;yhj epiyia milaf; TlhJ. ngrg;gLtJ kdpjdpd; Kaw;rpiana vLj;Jf;
vd;W bjspe;j rpe;ijah; Mdhh;. Ms;tpisa[ilik/ fhl;LfpwJ.
kw;wtiua[k; cah;j;j Koa[k; vd;gjid mwpa rpd;d";rpwpa vWk;g[fspd; RWRWg;igg;
KofpwJ vdnt Ms;tpisa[ilikia ehk; ghU';fs; kiHf; fhyj;jpy; Kl;il bfhz;L jpl;il
tsh;j;Jf; bfhs;tJ mtrpak;. VWk; mtw;wpd; Kaw;rpahy; vWk;gpdk; mHpahky;
,nj ts;Sth; Twpa kw;bwhU fUj;jpida[k; tsh;e;njh';fp tUfpwJ. g{f;fs; njhWk; mkh;e;J njd;
ehk; vz;zpg;ghh;g;gJ mtrpak; Jd;gj;ij vLj;Jj; jd; Tl;oy; nrh;j;J itf;Fk; njdPf;fs;
,d;gkhf;f Kaw;rp bra;. mjw;fhf Jtz;L Jwt[ Kaw;rp ghuhl;lj; jf;fJ my;yth> FUtp TL
g{z ntz;oajpy;iy. bghWj;Jf; bfhs;s fl;LtJk; mtw;wpd; Kd;ndw;w Kaw;rpfs; my;yth>
ntz;oajpy;iy. nkYk; nkYk; Kaw;rp bra; vd;W vdnt ehKk; thH;tpd; ,Wjp tiu
mwpt[Wj;jpdhh;. mtuJ Fws;. Kd;ndw;w tHp bry;y vz;qjy; rpwg;bgd fUjJjy;

'bja;tj;jhy; MfhJ vdpDk; Kaw;rpjd; eyky;yth> Kaw;rp cilatidf; fz;lhy;

bja;tnk ntl;oia koj;Jf; fl;of; bfhz;L
bka;tUj;jf; Typ jUk;.'
Kd;te;J mtDf;F cjtp bra;a[k; vd;W TWk;
vd mwpt[Wj;JfpwJ. CHpdhy; - bja;tj;jhy; Mf ts;Sth; fUj;Jf;fs; rpe;jidf;F chpadthk;
Koatpy;iy vd;whYk; cd;dhy; Koa[k;. nrhh;t[ ek;gpf;ifnahL Kad;why; fU';fy; ghiwa[k;
bfhs;shnj. btw;wp bgWk; tiu Kaw;rp bra; vd;W behW';fptpGk; - cd; iffspy; g{kp RHd;W tUk;.
Cf;Ftpj;jhh;. ,k;Kaw;rp jhnd kdpjid
khz;g[ilatd; Mf;FfpwJ.

bra;j pj; Jspfs;

2011Mk; Mz;L eilbgw;w FW tl;l / kz;ly/ khtl;l mstpyhd gy;n tW tpiahl;L nghl;ofspy;
fye;J bfhz;L btw;wp bgw;w vk; gs;sp khzt/ khztpahh;fSld; jiyikahrphpia/
cjtpj;jiyikahrphpah; kw;Wk; clw;fy;tp Mrphpah;fs;.

23
fl;il tpuiy tplt[k; ,kak; thH;tpy; btw;wp epue;juk; ,y;iy
njhy;tpa[k; ,Wjpahdjy;y
Fl;il vd;gij vLj;Jr; brhy; - cd;
njly;fs; bjhlul;Lk;
Rl;L tpuypd; efkha; thdk;
thH;f;if tuyhwhFk; tiu...
RU';fpa bjd;W KHf;fpr; brhy; rhjidfs;

vd g[Jf;ftp"h; jhuh ghujp ek;gpf;if KHf;fkpLfpwhh;. rhpj;jpuk; gilf;Fk; tiu...

vd;w vz;znk btw;wpf;F Kjw;go
ek;gpf;ifapdhy; Kad;W Edp bjhl;lth; tuyhW
epWj;jj;jpy; epw;fhj
gyt[z;L.
muR ngUe;Jg; nghd;wjy;yth
rpye;jpapd; Kaw;rpiaf; fz;L Cf;fk; thH;f;if
bfhz;L gilbaLj;J btd;whd; ,uhgh;l; g[+!;. fz; ,jpy; ghij v';Fk;
bjhpahJ ,Ue;j nghjpYk; KJfpy; vGjr; bra;J gr;ir tpsf;Ffs; vhptjpy;iyna!
goj;Jf; ftp"h; Mdhh;. me;jff; ftp tPuuhfth;. tPL
epytpd; vjph;gjkhd
tPlhfr; brd;W VLfisj; njo g[Jg;gpj;Jg;
epyf;fhp epwkha; ePapUe;jhYk;
gjpg;gpj;Jj; jkpH; bjhz;lhw;wpdhh; jkpH;jhj;jh
kdJf;Fs; ituhf;fpa kpUe;jhy;
c.nt.rh. tpsf;foapy; goj;J cah; ePjpgjpahdhh;
kz;qf;Fs;Sk; itukhfyhk;
Kj;Jr;rhkp Iah; jPz;lj;jfhjth; vd;w ,Hp brhy;iy
brf;F khlha;r; Rw;wpdhYk;
bghUl;gLj;jhJ Kad;W fw;W ghuj rl;lj;ijna
fhyk; fhl;LfpwJ
vGjpj; je;jhh; mk;ngj;fhh;. jhk!; My;th vordpd;
fofhuk;
Kaw;rpahy; cUthd tpe;ijfs; vj;jid! vj;jid! fod ciHg;gpdhy;
brUg;g[j; ijj;j !;lhypd; u#;a mjpgh; Mdhh;. fhynk cidf; fhl;Lk;
Qpl;;yh; jd;dk;gpf;if Kaw;rpahy; cyfj;ijna ehs;tUk;
Ml;og; gilj;jhd;. cUisf; fpH';F cyh;j;jpa md;W
uhf;bgy;yh; cyfg; gzf;fhuh; Mdhh;. btokUe;ijf; nfhs;fs; njhWk; cd;
fz;L gpoj;j nehgy; jd; bgauhy; xU bgUk; ghpir bfho gwf;Fk;.
epWtpdhh;. ,d;Dk; thGk; ,f;fhyj;jpnyna jk;
Kaw;rpahy; btw;wpf; fdpiar; Ritj;Jf;
bfhz;oUf;Fk; gynuhL ehKk; thH;e;J bfhz;L jhd;
,Uf;fpnwhk;.

“nrhk;gy; kpff; bfLjp ghg;gh” vd;w ghujpapd;

bghd;bkhHp nghw;wp ,ilawhJ ciHj;jhy;jhd;
thH;tpy; btw;wpf; fdpiaf; bfha;a Koa[k;. mt;
btw;wpahfpa braw;fU"; bray;fshy; g[fH; bgw;W
tuyhw;W ehafdhf tps';f Koa[k;. ,jid
xt;bthWtUk; jd; be";rpy; gjpg;gJ mtrpak;.

24
 FWe;jfty; bjhFg;g[
F.j';fKo
jkpHhrphpah;
gpur;ridfspypUe;J tpyfp ,Uf;fr; rpwe;j tHp –
bksdk;
gy gpur;ridfisj; jtph;f;f kpfr; rhpahd tHp –
g[d;dif
btWf;f ntz;oaJ xU kdpjdpd; bfl;l
Fz';fis kl;Lk;jhd;. me;j kdpjid my;y.
xU njhy;tpf;Fg; gpd; Mapuk; fhuz';fs; ,Uf;Fk;.
vd;d bra;ag; nghfpnwhk; vd;W fy';fhnj
Mdhy; xU btw;wpf;F Kd; Mapuk; njy;tpfs;
vd;d bra;ayhk; vd;W nahrp
,Uf;Fk;.
btw;wp vd;Wk; cd; fhyoapy;
cyfpy; fw;Wf; bfhs;s ,d;Dk; epiwa ,Uf;fpwJ
Jd;gk; mDgtpj;j fhyj;ij kwe;J tpL
vd;W cd;id vr;rhpj;Jf; bfhz;nlapUf;fpwJ.
Mdhy; Jd;gk; fw;gpj;jij kwf;fhnj
cd;Ds; ,Uf;Fk;
eP';fs; ftiyg;gLk; nghJ thH;f;if c';fisg;
njhy;tp vd;gJ csp nghd;wJ btw;wp
ghh;j;J rphpf;fpwJ/ eP';fs; kfpH;r;rpahf
vd;gJ rpw;gk; nghd;wJ. Kjypy; cspiag;
,Uf;Fk; nghJ thH;f;if c';fisg; ghh;j;J
gpoj;Jg; gHF. mg;nghJ jhd; eP rpw;gj;ij brJf;f
g[[d;diff;fpwJ.
Koa[k;. rphpg;gth;fs; vy;nyhUk; ftiyaw;wth;fs; -
gpwf;Fk; nghJ ,y;yhj cd;bgah;/ eP ,wf;Fk;
my;y ftiyia kwf;ff; fw;Wf; bfhz;lth;fs;
nghJ cd;Dld; jhd; ,Uf;Fk;. mij
ey;yth;fs; Tl rpyneuk; njhw;Wg; nghfyhk;
rht[f;Ff; bfhLf;fhky; rhpj;jpuj;jpw;Ff; bfhL.
Mdhy; ek;gpf;if cs;sth;fs; xU nghJk;
njhw;gjpy;iy

06.11.11 Kjy; 12.10.11 tiu mUfpYs;s ghg;igahg[uk; fpuhkj;jpy; ekJ gs;sp rhh;ghf eilbgw;w ehl;Leyg;
gzpj;jpl;l Kfhkpy; khzth;fs; gs;spf;Tlk;/ jz;zPh; bjhl;o tshfk; kahd ghij Rj;jk; bra;jy;/
ghh;j;jPdpak; brofs; kw;Wk; gpsh!;of; mHpj;jy;/ kuf;fd;Wfs; eLjy;/ kUj;Jt Kfhk;/ fhy;eilfs;
guhkhpj;jy; nghd;w gy;ntW bray;ghLfis nkw;bfhz;ldh;.

25