Children's heavy reliance on screen media has raised serious public health issues since it

might harm their cognitive, linguistic, and social-emotional growth. This study examines the
effects of screen time on many developmental domains and covers management and
limitation techniques for kids' screen usage. Screen media has a wide range of cognitive
consequences, with both beneficial and detrimental effects noted. Screens can improve
education and learning; however, too much time spent in front of a screen and multitasking
with other media has been related to worse executive functioning and academic
performance. As screen time reduces the amount and quality of interactions between
children and their caregivers, it can also have an impact on language development.
Contextual elements like co-viewing and topic appropriateness are key in determining how
language development is impacted. Additionally, excessive screen usage has detrimental
effects on social and emotional growth, including a rise in the likelihood of obesity, sleep
disorders, and mental health conditions including depression and anxiety. It can obstruct the
ability to interpret emotions, fuel aggressive conduct, and harm one's psychological health in
general. Setting boundaries, utilizing parental controls, and demonstrating good screen
behavior are all techniques that parents may use to manage children's screen usage. We can
reduce the possible negative impacts of excessive screen time and promote children's
healthy development and well-being by increasing knowledge and encouraging alternative
activities that stimulate development.

New technologies, such as mobile and interactive screen media, are now ingrained in a
young child's daily life. Children today are "digital natives," having been born into an ever-
changing digital ecosystem augmented by mobile media. Screen media use may have both
beneficial and detrimental effects on a kid’s cognitive results. Media devices with screens
have the potential to improve education and learning. For instance, research has suggested
that electronic books and learning-to-read applications may improve young children's early
reading skills and creative thinking capacities. However, studies have also demonstrated the
negative effects of screen media use on a number of cognitive areas such as executive
functioning, sensorimotor development, and academic outcomes. Media multitasking was
found to have a negative impact on executive functioning in teenagers, notably on working
memory, inhibition, and the capacity to switch between tasks. However, adverse executive
and academic outcomes may be confounded by the poorer attention and focus from
multitasking behaviors rather than solely from screen media overuse, and more research is
necessary to tease out this relationship. Language development has received the majority of
emphasis in studies on screen usage and cognitive development in young children, whereas
other cognitive development domains including executive skills have received less attention.
Thus, there are significant, albeit indirect, effects of screen media use on cognitive
development in children.
Technology is a norm in contemporary society, and the use of technology in daily life has
grown at a breakneck speed. This rapid growth, not only in the proliferation of technology
but also its accessibility, has provided little time to evaluate its benefits and potential
negative effects, specifically in relation to college students. Even though the benefits of
technology are often easier to witness, researchers are also finding that technology is
creating challenges for students. Not only has students’ access to personal technologies
drastically increased, but also their levels of distraction, which competes with academic
interests. In addition to the strain technology use has on academic success, numerous
studies have focused on troubling psychosocial byproducts of extended technology use
among college students. Moderate to severe levels of internet habit may lead to a range of
psychosocial issues in college-aged young adults. For example, college students using
technology more than their peers exhibit higher levels of stress. Many students today are
plugged into various forms of technology, and the stress associated with technology use and
in more severe cases technology habit is creating negative experiences such as loneliness
and depression.

Scholars suggest that technology use may have negative impacts on student engagement,
learning, and persistence in higher education today and that students exhibiting signs of
technology addiction show decreases in student success and persistence in higher
education. Additionally, a student’s use of personal computers, smartphones, and video
games are linked with negative psychosocial behaviors which impact student learning and
likely impact student social engagement. Furthermore, neurology research is revealing
relationships between extended technology use and negative impacts on brain chemistry
and development. Further research is needed to determine how technology addiction is
impacting college students’ academic performance.

Types of internet habits describe the numerous categories or classifications of internet-

related addictive behaviors and activities. The different types of internet addiction are listed
below.

 Compulsive information seeking: People with compulsive information-seeking

tendencies may feel a constant need to remain up-to-date on various topics, even if
the information has no direct bearing on their lives. This compulsion can result in
excessive screen time, detract from real-world responsibilities, and cause anxiety or
restlessness when not engaged in information-seeking activities.

 Computer or gaming habit: One of the types of internet habits where an individual
engages in excessive and compulsive computer use and video game playing. Long-
term, unrestrained gaming activity is typical of this addiction, which can have a
number of detrimental effects on the addict’s life.
  Net compulsions: Often referred to as internet compulsions or online compulsions,
these are behavioral patterns characterized by irresistible and repetitive actions
performed online. These compulsions typically involve a strong urge to engage in
specific internet-related activities, such as online auctions, trading stocks, or online
gambling.

 Cyber-relationship compulsion: Involves an addiction to online relationships and

connections, such as those formed through dating apps, chat rooms, or virtual
worlds. Individuals may prioritize their online relationships over in-person ones.

 Cybersex habit: A preoccupation with graphic sexual content or online sexual

encounters is often involved in cybersex addiction, which can lead to relationship
problems and personal distress.

As the education system and workforce evolve to become more technology inclusive, it is
important for students to keep up with modern digital trends while still obtaining a deep
understanding of course content. Implementing technology into the curriculum provides
instructors with an invaluable opportunity to enhance student engagement and academic
success. Students are able to collaborate with peers using digital platforms, explore
creativity through technological features, engage in higher-order thinking processes,
participate in inquiry-based learning, synthesize information from multiple sources and
establish a sense of online social presence.

While implementing technology into the curriculum shifts the learning environment to being
more student-centered, instructors play an integral role in guiding understanding, offering
assistance and taking the necessary steps to ensure that students are present and reaching
their learning goals. Overall, students and teachers have positive attitudes towards
technology integration and feel that is has positive impacts on learner satisfaction, promotes
engagement and facilitates academic success.

Edmodo is an example of an educational social media platform that operates to enhance the
learning process, allow students to become more familiar with technology, meet learning
goals and collaborate with peers and instructors after school hours. It is one of the many
technological applications that can be implemented into multiple areas of the curriculum to
enhance the teaching and learning process.