The document covers key concepts in redox reactions, including electron transfer, oxidation, and reduction. It explains the reactivity series of metals, the role of electrolytes in electrochemical cells, and various types of cells like voltaic and hydrogen fuel cells. Additionally, it discusses the uses of salts, corrosion protection methods, and the extraction and purification of metals through electrolysis.
The document covers key concepts in redox reactions, including electron transfer, oxidation, and reduction. It explains the reactivity series of metals, the role of electrolytes in electrochemical cells, and various types of cells like voltaic and hydrogen fuel cells. Additionally, it discusses the uses of salts, corrosion protection methods, and the extraction and purification of metals through electrolysis.
The document covers key concepts in redox reactions, including electron transfer, oxidation, and reduction. It explains the reactivity series of metals, the role of electrolytes in electrochemical cells, and various types of cells like voltaic and hydrogen fuel cells. Additionally, it discusses the uses of salts, corrosion protection methods, and the extraction and purification of metals through electrolysis.
The document covers key concepts in redox reactions, including electron transfer, oxidation, and reduction. It explains the reactivity series of metals, the role of electrolytes in electrochemical cells, and various types of cells like voltaic and hydrogen fuel cells. Additionally, it discusses the uses of salts, corrosion protection methods, and the extraction and purification of metals through electrolysis.
Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between species. Oxidation: Loss of electrons. Reduction: Gain of electrons. Example: Zn + Cu²⁺ → Zn²⁺ + Cu
Reactivity Series
What Does the Reactivity Series Tell Us?
The reactivity series is a list of metals in order of their reactivity from highest to lowest. Helps predict the outcome of displacement reactions. Example: Potassium (K) is more reactive than Sodium (Na), which is more reactive than Iron (Fe).
Electrochemistry
Introduction Role of an Electrolyte in an Electrochemical Cell An electrolyte is a substance that conducts electricity when dissolved in water or in a molten state. It provides the medium for ion movement between the electrodes. Converting Chemical Energy into Electrical Energy Electrochemical cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy through redox reactions. Electrochemical Cell A device that generates electrical energy from chemical reactions or uses electrical energy to drive chemical reactions. Components: Anode, Cathode, Electrolyte. Voltaic Cell A type of electrochemical cell that converts chemical energy into electrical energy through spontaneous redox reactions. Example: Zinc-Copper voltaic cell. Hydrogen Fuel Cell A type of electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy. Produces water as a byproduct. Used in electric vehicles and as a clean energy source. Uses of Salts Salts are used in various applications, including electroplating, water softening, and as electrolytes in batteries. Corrosion Protecting Metal Surface Area from Air Corrosion is the deterioration of metal due to chemical reactions with the environment. Protection methods include painting, galvanization, and using sacrificial anodes. Converting Electrical Energy to Chemical Energy Electrolysis is the process of using electrical energy to drive non-spontaneous chemical reactions. Example: Electroplating, where a metal is deposited on a surface using electrical current. Extraction Purity of Metal The purity of a metal refers to the absence of impurities. High purity is essential for certain applications, such as electronics. Using Electrolysis to Purify Metal Electrolysis is used to purify metals by removing impurities. Example: Copper purification in the electrolytic refining process. Extraction of Metals Metals are extracted from their ores using various methods, including smelting, roasting, and electrolysis. Example: Aluminum is extracted from bauxite ore using electrolysis. Diffusion The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Important in electrochemistry for the movement of ions in electrolytes.
