CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGION

Combination of Different Art Forms as seen in Modern Times

ART – The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, producing work to be appreciated primarily
by their beauty or emotional power. It is a form of creative activity such as painting, music, literature, and dance.

History of Philippine Arts

Ethnic Art (Integral to life)  Islamic Art (Geometric Designs)  Spanish Era (Faith and Catechism)  American Era
(Secular Forms of Arts)  Japanese Era (Orientalizing)  Modern Era (National Identity)  Contemporary Era (Social
Realism)

 Pre-Colonial Period
 Ethnic Art (integral to life)
 Islamic Art (Geometric Designs)
 Colonial Period
 Spanish Era (Faith and Catechisms)
 American Era (Secular forms of arts)
 Japanese Era (Orientalizing)
 Post Colonial Art
 Philippine Modern Art (1946-1970)
 Philippine Post-Modern Art (1970-1980)
 Philippine Contemporary Art (1980-Present)

CATEGORIES OF VARIOUS ART FORMS

 Visual Arts
 Applied Arts
 Performing Arts and Others

Visual Arts is a form of art that uses any medium to represent an artist’s idea, emotion, and imagination.

 Drawing is a representation of any form or object by hand through the medium of pencil, pen charcoal, etc.
 Painting is a process or art of using paint, in a picture, as a protective coating, or as decoration.
 Sculpture can be defined as three-dimensional art form that uses material like clay, stone or wood for its execution.
 Calligraphy is the art of writing letters in the manner that it looks visually appealing.
 Photography is the art of producing an image of an object on a photographic film.

Applied Arts is a form of art that has practical application as well as functionality.

 Architecture is the art or practice of designing and constructing buildings.

 Fashion Design is the art of designing apparel that is aesthetically pleasing as well as functional. Fashion design
involves working with different types of fabrics and patterns which are then designed into garments.
 Potteries – One of the oldest and most widespread of the decorative arts where objects made are commonly useful
ones, such as vessels for holding liquids or plates or bowls from which food can be served.
 Jewelry Design is also a different form of art and involves the design of intricate pieces of jewelry from metals, wood
or plastic.
 Interior Design is the art of planning the design, layout or style of an architectural space, be it home or office.
Performing Arts are forms of creative activity that are performed in front of the audience. This form of art is much
appreciated and enjoyed the people.

 Dance is a performing art from consisting of purposefully selected sequence of human movement.
 Music is a form of art that combines vocal or instrumental sounds to create a composition.
 Theatre and Film is a form of performing art. Both theaters and films use stories that capture the imagination of
people. It is also a good form of entertainment.
 Literature is the art-form of language, and words are its tool.

THE ARTIST AND THE CONTEMPORARY ARTS

THE FILIPINO ARTIST

In every work of art, the artist himself is present. – Christian Morgernstern

Artist – one who process and practices imaginative arts.

In the past, the artist’s role was well-defined and that is to create something that uplifted the spirit, something
aesthetically pleasing and entertaining.

In the kind of arts that we have today, the Filipino artist role is fourfold:

a. The personal – The artist express what he or she feels.

b. The Social – The artist express what he or she sees around him/her.
c. The Physical – The artist finds a need to create something not only pleasing to look at but something useful as well.
d. The Immaterial – The artist gives form to the immaterial, to hidden truth of the universe, and the spiritual force that
inhabits the world.

Role of the Filipino Contemporary Artist

 The Filipino artist gives his opinion about the culture of his time.
 The Filipino artist is a crusader, attempting to sway the viewer to his or her side.
 The Filipino artist has become social critic.
 The Filipino artist has also become an advocate for what she believes in.
 The Filipino artist is versatile.

Before the Philippine Contemporary Art Era, only a few notable women were able to find access into the world of arts.
But things have changed in the Philippine Contemporary Art Era as many women paved the way for others to assert their
own identity and contribute to social realism.

THE FILIPINA ARTIST

 Edith L. Tiempo
 Date of Award: 1999
 Popular Works: A Blade of Fern, Commend, Contend, The Builder
 Brenda V. Fajardo
 Popular Works: XII Taong Binigti, XIII Kamatayan, XX Paghuhukom
 Ofelia Gelvezon-Tequi
 Ligaya Fernando-Amilbangsa
THE NATIONAL ARTIST OF THE PHILIPPINES

 Order of the national artist – Has been established by virtue of Presidential Proclamation no. 1001 s. 1972
 The order of National Artist is the highest award conferred by the President of the Philippines Nations artist.

What does it take to be a National Artist?

1. Living Artist who have been Filipino Citizens for the last 10 years prior to nomination as well as those who have died
after the establishment of the award in 1972 but were Filipino citizens at the time of death.
2. Artists who have helped build a Filipino sense of nationhood through the content and form of their works.
3. Artists who have distinguished themselves by pioneering in a mode of creative expression or style, making an
impact on succeeding generations of artists
4. Artists who have created a significant body of works and/or have consistently displaced excellence in the practice
of their artform, enriching artistic expression or style.
5. Artists who have enjoyed broad acceptance through prestigious national and/or international recognition, awards in
prestigious national and/or international events, critical acclaim and/or respect and esteem from peers within an
artistic discipline

PROCESS OF NOMINATION AND CONFERNMENT

Benefits of being a National Artist

 The rank and title of national artist, as proclaimed by the President of the Philippines.
 The Insignia – of a National Artist and a Citation
 A lifetime emolument and material and physical benefits comparable on value to those received by the highest
officers of the land.
 A cash award of seventy-five thousand pesos (Php 75,000.00) net taxes, for posthumous awardees, payable
 A monthly life pension, medical and hospitalization benefits
 A state funeral and burial at the libingan ng mga bayani
A place of honor, in line with protocolar precedence, at national state function, and recognition at cultural events

NATIONAL ARTIST FOR VISUAL ARTS

 Cesar F. Legaspi
 Date of Award: 1990
 Popular Works: Morning Dance, Tree Planting, Man and Woman
 Hernando R. Ocampo
 Date of Award: 1991
 Popular Works: Man and Carabao, Ina ng Balon
 Arturo R. Luz
 Date of Award: 1997
 Popular Works: Candle Vendors, Bagong Taon, Cities of the Past
 Ang Kiukok
 Date of Award: 2001
 Popular Works: Angry Figure, Fighting Fidures, Crucifixion
 Benedicto R. Cabrera
 Date of Award: 2006
 Popular Works: Sabel in blue, Yellow Confetti, The Oriental Fan
 Abdulmari Asia Imao
 Date of Award: 2006
 Popular Works: Sarimanok Paintings and Sculptures
 Francisco V. Coching
 Date of Award: 2014
 Popular Works: Da Adventures of Pedro Penduko, Lapu-Lapu, Sabas
 Larry Alcala
 Date of Award: 2018
 Popular Works: Caricatures and Cartoons, Private collections

NATIONAL ARTIST FOR PAINTING

 Fernando C. Amorsolo
 Date of Award: 1972
 Popular Works: Planting Rice, Fruit Gatherer, Under the Mango Tree
 Carlos V. Francisco
 Date of Award: 1973
 Popular Works: Planting of the First Cross, Filipino Struggle through the Years, Firs Mass of Limasawa
 Victorio C. Edades
 Date of Award: 1976
 Popular Works: The Builders, The Sketch, The Wrestlers
 Vicente S. Manansala
 Date of Award: 1981
 Popular Works: Cubist paintings such as Bayanihan, Luksong Tinik, Stations of the Cross
 J. Elizalde Navarro
 Date of Award: 1999
 Popular Works: Passengers on to Central Station, The Frog Dance, The Ilongot War Dance
 Jose T. Joya
 Date of Award: 2003
 Popular Works: Abstract paintings such as Hills of Nikko, Granadean Arabesque, Dimension of Fear

NATIONAL ARTIST FOR SCULPTURE

 Guillermo E. Tolentino
 Date of Award: 1973
 Popular Works: Oblation, Bonifacio Monument
 Napoleon V. Abueva
 Date of Award: 1973
 Popular Works: Siyam na Diwata ng Sining, Blood Compact Monument, The Transfiguration

NATIONAL ARTIST FOR FASHION

 Ramon O. Valera
 Date of Award: 2006
 Popular Works: Philippine Terno

NATIONAL ARTIST FOR DANCE

 Francisca R. Aquino
 Date of Award: 1973
 Popular Works: Researches of Philippine Folk Dances and known as Mother of Philippine Dancing
 Leonor O. Goquingco
 Date of Award: 1976
 Popular Works: The Elements, Trend: Return to the Native, Festival in Maguindanao
 Lucrecia R. Urtula
 Date of Award: 1988
 Popular Works: Choreography of folk and ethnic dance for the Bayanihan Dance Company
 Ramon Obusan
 Date of Award: 2006
 Popular Works: Founder of Ramon Obusan Folkloric Group, Vamos A Belen! Series; Noon Po sa Amin
 Alice Reyes
 Date of Award: 2014
 Popular Works: Founder of Ballet Philippines; Amanda, Itim-Asu, Bayanihan Remembered

NATIONAL ARTIST FOR LITERATURE

 Amado V. Hernandez
 Date of Award: 1973
 Popular Works: Luha ng Buwaya, Mga Ibong Mandaragit, Si Atang at ang Dulaan
 Jose Garcia Villa
 Date of Award: 1973
 Popular Works: The Emperor’s New Sonnet, Footnote to Youth, The Anchored Angel
 Nick Joaquin
 Date of Award: 1976 Malala
 Popular Works: Manila, My Manila; Cave and Shadows; A Portrait of the Artist as a Filipino
 Carlos P. Romulo
 Date of Award: 1982
 Popular Works: I Am a Filipino, I Walked with Heroes, Last Man Off Bataan
 Francisco Arcellana
 Date of Award: 1990
 Popular Works: The Flowers of May, Poetry and Politics, The State of Original Writing in English in the Philippines
Today
 Resil B. Mojares
 Date of Award: 2018
 Popular Works: The War Against the Americans, Family & Firm in the Philippines, House of Memory
 N.V.M. Gonzales
 Date of Award: 1977
 Popular Works: Founding Editor of the Diliman Review; 1st President of Philippine Writers’ Association; The Winds of
April, A Season of Grace
 Cirilo F. Bautista
 Date of Award: 2014
 Popular Works: Boneyard Breaking, Sugat ng Salita, The Archipelago
 Ramon L. Muzones
 Date of Award: 2018
 Popular Works: Shri-Bishaya, nga Gutom, Babae Batuk sa Kalibutan, Si Tamblot
 Carlos Quirino
 Date of Award: 1977 for Historical Literature
 Popular Works: man of Destiny, The Great Malayan, Philippine Cartography, Filipinos at War
 Edith L. Tiempo
 Date of Award: 1999
 Popular Works: A Blade of Fern, Commend, Contend, The Builder
 Lazaro Francisco
 Date of Award: 2009
 Popular Works: Bayang Nagpatiwakal, Binhi at Bunga, Maganda Pa ang Daigdig
 Virgilio S. Almario
 Date of Award: 2003
 Popular Works: UP Diksyunaryong Filipino; Palipad-Hangin; Buwan, Buwang, Bulawan
 Alejandro R. Roces
 Date of Award: 2003
 Popular Works: Of Cocks and Kites, Fiesta, Something to Crow About
 Dr. Bienvenido Lumbera
 Date of Award: 2006
 Popular Works: Ka Bel, Abot-Tanaw: Sulyap at Suri sa Nagbabagang Kultura at Lipunan, Tales of the Manuvu

NATIONAL ARTIST FOR MUSIC

 Jovita Fuentes
 Date of Award: 1976
 Popular Works: Founded Asociacion Musica de Filipinas, The Artists’ Guild of the Philippines
 Antonio J. Molina
 Date of Award: 1973
 Popular Works: Known as the “Dean of Filipino Composers”, Hatinggabi, Ang Batingaw, Kundiman-Kundangan
 Col. Antonio R. Buenaventura
 Date of Award: 1988
 Popular Works: Minuet, Pandanggo sa Ilaw, Echoes from the Philippines
 Lucresia R. Kasilag
 Date of Award: 1989
 Popular Works:Love Songs, Legend of the Sarimanok, ang Pamana
 Felipe de Leon
 Date of Award: 1997
 Popular Works: Translator of the Spanish Philippine National Anthem to its Tagalog version “Lupang Hinirang”, Ako’y
Pilipino, Lupang Tinubuan, Ama Namin
 Lucio D. San Pedro
 Date of Award: 1991
 Popular Works: Sa Ugoy ng Duyan (co-writer), Lahing Kayumanggi
 Jose M. Maceda
 Date of Award: 1997
 Popular Works: Known for composing his own pieces for Southeast Asian musical instruments, Pagsamba, Casette
100, Ugnayan
 Levi Celerio
 Date of Award: 1997
 Popular Works: Guiness Book of Records Holder for being the only leaf-player in the world; Maligayang Pasko at
Manigong Bagong Taon, Ikaw, Sa Ugoy ng Duyan (co-writer)
 Ernani J. Cuenco
 Date of Award: 1999
 Popular Works: Inang Bayan, Bato sa Buhangin, Gaan Kita Kamahal; Musical Scores of Ang Panday, The Killing of Sat
 Prof. Andrea Veneracion
 Date of Award: 1999
 Popular Works: Founder of the Philippine Madrigal Singers
 Francisco F. Feliciano
 Date of Award: 2014
 Popular Works: La Loba Negra, Pokpok Alimpako, Yerma
 Ramon P. Santos
 Date of Award: 2014
 Popular Works: Ding Ding Nga Diwaya, Ang Hardin ni Ligaya, Ang Puting Waling-waling
 Ryan P. Cayabyab
 Date of Award: 2018
 Popular Works: Conductor, Composer, Arranger, Pianist, Singer

NATIONAL ARTIST FOR ARCHITECTURE AND ALLIED ARTS

 Juan D. Nakpil
 Date of Award: 1973
 Popular Works: Quezon Hall (UP Diliman), Interior Design of Quiapo Church, University of the Philippnes Theater and
Carillon Tower
 Pablo S. Antonio
 Date of Award: 1976
 Popular Works: Far Eastern University Campus, White Cross Orphanage, Orchid Garden Hotel
 Leandro V. Locsin
 Date of Award: 1990
 Popular Works: Philippine International Convention Center, Cultural Center of the Philippines, Parish of the Holy
Sacrifice (known as UP Chapel)
 Arch. Ildefonso P. Santos Jr.
 Date of Award: 2006
 Popular Works: Landscaping of Rizal Park, Cultural Center of the Philippines, Manila Hotel
 Jose Maria V. Zaragoza
 Date of Award: 2014
 Popular Works: Santa Dominga Church, Redesigning of Quiapo Church, Meralco Building
 Francisco Mañosa
 Date of Award: 2018
 Popular Works: Known for bringing Philippine architecture to greater heights philosophy of Contemporary Filipino
Architecture and Interior Design

NATIONAL ARTIST FOR THEATRE

 Honorata Atang dela Rama

 Date of Award: 1973
 Popular Works: Protector of the Philippine Zarzuela and Kundiman; dalagang Bukid, Veronidia
 Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero
 Date of Award: 1976
 Popular Works: Wanted: A Chaperon, Movie Artists, Basketball Fight
 Rolando S. Tinio
 Date of Award: 1990
 Popular Works: National Artist for Theater & Literature Sitsit sa Kuliglig, Dunung-dunungan, Kristal sa Uniberso
 Severino Montano
 Date of Award: 2001
 Popular Works: The Love of Leonor Rivera, Parting at Calamba, Sabina
 Slavador F. Bernal, Design
 Date of Award: 2003
 Popular Works: Known for using Inexpensive local materials such as bamboo and abaca in theater design
 Daisy H. Avellana
 Date of Award: 2006
 Popular Works: Known as ‘First Lady of the Philippine Theater’
 Amelia Lapeña Bonifacio
 Date of Award: 2018
 Popular Works: Filipino playwright, puppeteer, and educator known as the “Grande Dame of Southeast Asian
Children’s Theatre.”

NATIONAL ARTIST FOR FILM AND BROADCAST ART

 Lamberto V. Avellana
 Date of Award: 1976
 Popular Works: National Artist for Theater & Film Anak Dalita, Badjao, Lapu Lapu
 Gerardo P. De Leon
 Date of Award: 1982
 Popular Works: Sawa sa Lumang Simbarya, Hanggan sa Dulo ng Daigdig, Lilet
 Lino Brocka
 Date of Award: 1997
 Popular Works: Maynila sa Kuko ng Liwanag, Tinimbang Ka ngunit Kulang, Bayan Ko, Jaguar
 Ishmael Bernal
 Date of Award: 2001
 Popular Works: Himala, Manila by Night, Relasyon
 Eddie S. Romero
 Date of Award: 2003
 Popular Works: Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kaya Ngayon?, Aguila, Manila, Open City
 Fernando Poe, Jr.
 Date of Award: 2006
 Popular Works: Ang Probinsyano, Isang Bala Ka Lang!, Ang Pilipinas Kong Mahal, Agila ng Maynila
 Manuel Conde
 Date of Award: 2009
 Popular Works: Filipino actor, director and producer and used the screen name Juan Urbano during the 1930s aside
from his more popular screen name.
 Kidlat Tahimik
 Date of Award: 2018
 Popular Works: Film director, writer and actor and installation artist
Traditional Techniques to Contemporary Art Creations

Discovery and Exploring

There are places in the Philippines which are famous because of the extraordinary or unusual but special products that
they produce.

These products become the instruments in spreading the news about this places. These people use traditional
techniques in creating one particular art or maybe which make famous and draw people to these places.

Traditional techniques used by the Filipinos even from the past years are depicted in our painting, sculpture, dance,
architecture, music, and even textile. It only proves that Filipinos like any other people in the world can be very proud of
our Philippine arts.

Painting and Pottery

Early Filipinos painting can be in red chip (clay mixed with water) designs embellished on the ritual pottery of the
Philippines such as the acclaimed “Manunggul Jar” which is an example of a burial jar.

Philippine pottery has been a long tradition, and evidence of this pottery-making has been found in Sanga-Sanga, Sulu
and Laurente Cave in Cagayan.

Pottery began the making of earthenware articles for domestic use such as a cooking vessel and storage container.

Incised designs also appeared in the pots in Masbate. Among the finest of early Philippine pottery designs are footed
dishes that were decorated with geometric cut-outs, molding, cording or finger impressions, most of these were made in
Batangas.

At this ship, (a mixture of clay and water) rather than glazes is still used by Filipino Potters to seal the pottery, and the
pottery is open-fried.

Pottery traditions continued to develop in certain locals, such as Burnay Unglazed Clay pottery of Vigan.

The pottery traditions of Burnay is among the pottery traditions that have been maintained, along with those of Leyte
and Bohol. Further evidence of painting is manifested in the tattoo tradition of early Filipinos who are now referred to as
the Pintados or the “Painted People” of Visayas.

Some of the most elaborate painting done by Early Filipinos that survive to the present are manifested among the arts
and architecture of the Maranao, who are well-known for the “Naga Dragons” and the “Sarimanok Craved” and painted
in the beautiful Panolong of their Torongans or King’s house.

Sarimanok

Shown above are the most well-known of the old designs, the sarimanok. The figure represents a fowl with wings,
feathered tail, and a head decorated with ornaments of scrolled and painted motif leaves, spirals, and feather-like forms.
It usually stands on a fish and another one hangs from its beak. The wooden figure, usually perched atop a bamboo pole,
stands among decorative flags during weddings and other festive occasions.

Among the early modernist painters such as Damian Domingo, Juan Luna, Felix Hidalgo, and others.

A certain Elito Circa stood out; He is popularly known as “Amang Pintor”, who gained recognition by using his hair to
make his paint brushes and reigns his painting with his blood on the right side corner.
Indigenous Art

The Itneg people are known for their intricate woven fabrics.

The “Binakol”, which features designs that incorporate optical illusions woven fabrics of the “Gadang” people usually
bright red tones. Their weaving can also be identified by beaded ornamentation.

Other people such as the Ilongot make jewelry from pearl, red hornbill beak, plants and metals.

Some indigenous materials are also used as a medium in different kinds of artworks especially in a painting by Elito Circa.

A folk artist of Pantabangan and a pioneer for using indigenous materials, natural raw materials including human blood.

Many Filipino painters were influenced by this and started using these materials such as an extract from onion, tomato,
tuba, coffee, molasses and other materials available anywhere.

The lumad people of Mindanao such as the “B’Lan”, “Mandaga”, “Mansaka”, and “T’Boli” are skilled in the art of dying
abaca fiber.

Abaca is a plant closely related to bananas and its leaves are used to make fiber known as “Manila Hemp”.

The Fiber is dyed by method called “Ikat”.

“Ikat” fibers are woven into cloth with geometric patterns depicting human, animal, and plant leaves.

Sarimanok

This is the most well-known design. The figure represents a fowl wings, feathered tail and a head decorated with
ornaments of scrolled and painted motif of leaves, spirals and feather-like forms.

It usually stands on a fish, and another one hangs from its beak.

The wooden figure usually perched atop a bamboo pole, stands among decorative flags during weddings and other
festive occasions.

Hagabi

Another one is “Hagabi”, a wooden chair of Ifugao, which symbolizes his status as a citizen in their community.

It depicts the wealth and power of the own who is called “Kadanagyan”, or a person who belongs to the higher status in
their society.

Only the rich can afford to own it together with a ritual after the completion of their chair.

This chair is made of Narra or Ipil ipil, and the original design is called “Ginulding-Gulding”, meaning like a goat-like head.

At present Hagabi may have a different shapes one end which is called “Ngiwi”, is like the head of an animal with an
elongated nose and two big ears.

Islamic arts

This kind of art has two main artistic style. One is carved-line. Woodcarving and metal working called “Okir”, similar to
the Middle Eastern Islamic art. This style is associated with men. The other style is geometric tapestries and is associated
with women.
The Tausug and Sama-Bajau exhibit their own “Okir” on elaborate markings with a boat like imaging.

An okir design, the scroll is the dominant feature in the men’s work composed of various spiral forms.

In contrasts, the zigzag, and angular forms are the dominating motifs in women’s geometric art “Okir-a-Bay” (ladies
design).

The most popular of the “Malong”, style is the land cap which is either dominantly red, yellow, green, blue or violet.

Red is the favorite color along with yellow; these colors stands for royalty or aristocracy.

Often, men wear the red lamp cap and the women, the yellow.

The “Bagobo” are proud people with proto Malayan features.

They have ornate traditions in weaponry and other metal arts.

They are noted for their skills in producing brass articles through the ancient lost-wax process.

These people weave abaca cloths of earth tones and make baskets that are trimmed with beads, fibers and horse’s hair;
weapons made by Muslim Filipinos such as “Kampilan”, are skillfully carved.

Kut-Kut Art

This is a technique combine Oriental and European art process.

Very few known art pieces exist today. The techniques were practiced by the indigenous people of Samar.

Kut-kut is an exotic Philippine art form based on early century techniques “Sgraffito”. Encaustic and layering. The merging
of this ancient styles produces a unique artwork characterized by delicate swirling interweaved lines, multi-layered
texture and a dimensional space.
ACQUIRED SKILLS ENHANCEMENT

Collage

The technique of an art production used in the visual arts, where the artwork is made from on assemblage of different
forms, thus creating a new whole.

Collage may sometimes include magazines and newspapers clippings, ribbons, paints, bits of colored or handmade
papers, portions of other artwork or texts, photographs, and other found objects, glued to a piece of paper or canvas.

Decollage

Refers to the opposite of collage; instead of an image is being built up all or parts of existing images, it is created by
cutting, treating away or otherwise removing pieces of an original image. The French word “Decollage” in English means
“Take-Off” or “To become Unglued” or “To become unstuck”.

Example of decollage include cut-up technique. Similar technique is the lacerated poster, a poster in which one has been
place over another or others, and the top poster or posters have been ripped, revealing to a greater or lesser degree the
poster or posters underneath.

Graffiti

These are writing or drawings that have been scribed, scratched, or painted illicitly on a wall or other surface, often in a
public space. Graffiti range from simple written words to elaborate wall paintings.

Graffiti may express underlying social and political messages and a whole genre of artistic expression is based spray paint
graffiti styles. An example of this is the Singapore art Bridge just beside the Oxford Hotel where the writer stayed in their
visit to Singapore. It is said to be painted by a Batanes-born artist.

Land Art

Earth works or earth arts is an art movement in which landscape and the work of art are inextricably linked. It is also an
art form that is created in nature, using natural materials such as soil, rock (bed rock, bolders, stones), organic media
(logs, branches, leaves), and water which introduced materials such as concrete, metal, asphalt, or mineral pigments.

Digital Arts

It is an artistic work or practice that uses digital technology as an essential part of the creative or presentation process.
Digital art is placed under the larger umbrella term new media art. After some resistance, the impact of digital
technology has transformed activities such as paintings, drawing, sculpture, and music/sound art, while new form such
as net art.

Digital installation art, and virtual reality have become recognized artistic practices. More generally the term digital artist
is used to describe an artist who makes use of digital technologies in the production of art.

The techniques of digital art are used extensively by the mainstream media in advertisement and by film-makers to
produce visual effects. Both digital and traditional artist use many sources of electronic information and programs to
create their work.

Digital Art is a term applied to contemporary art that uses the method of mass production or digital media.

Mixed Media
It refers to the artwork in the making of which more than one medium has been employed. It refers to a work of visual
art that combines various traditionally distinct visual art media. For example, work on canvas that combines paint, ink,
and collage.

When creating a painted or photograph work using mixed media, it is important to choose the layers carefully and allow
enough dying time between the layers to ensure the final work will have structural integrity, if many different layers are
imposed. Many effects can be achieved by using mixed media. Found objects can be used in conjunction with the
traditional artist to attain a wide range of self-expression.

Print Making

Is the process of making artworks by painting, normally in the paper. Prints are created by transforming ink from a matrix
or through a prepared screen to a sheet of paper or other material.

Common types of matrices include metal plates, usually copper or zinc, or polymer plates for engraving or etching; stone
aluminum or polymer for lithography; blocks of wood crafts and wood engraving; and linoleum for linocuts. Screen made
of silk or synthetic fabrics are used for the screen printing process.

CONCEPT OF INTEGRATED ARTS PRODUCTION

Integrated Arts Production – In an integrated arts production, there are many aspects to consider.

 Production comes with different resources to make it possible. Proper handling of these resources will result in a
successful production.
 There are many different things to consider in putting up an art production. This may vary according to the resources,
type, and other things. In general, here are the Four Methods (4Ms) to consider:
 Methods
Methods will determine the standard procedure of a production. This is the step-by-step procedure of the
production. This provides the structure or framework which will be its foundation. We also call it the production
plan. The method shall contain the following
 Objectives or goals – the end-result or the outcomes of the production
 Materials – the main concept and/or storyline
 Procedures – the activities that need to be done
 Manpower assignment – the person assigned for a particular activity
 Target date of finish – the activity’s date of finish
 Materials
This refers to the artwork to be produced and presented to the audience such as the script, playwright, music, and
choreography. A material must have a concept. A concept is the main idea, message, context, or story that needs to
be conveyed.
 Machine
These are the materials, machines, or equipment to be used in the production.
These may refer to the physical materials in a production design such as the stage, lighting, sound systems, or any
technological medium.
 Manpower
Manpower refers to the production team. Each will be assigned to specific activities in the plan.
 Concept writers – create and write the storyline and/or script
 Researchers – research to ensure a properly contextualized and well-informed production
 Director – the head of the production; the one whose vision manifests the most in the production
 Producers – produce machineries and manages the manpower
 Choreographers – produce the act and the motions in the storyline to be executed by the artists
 Performing artists – lead the roles in the storyline
 Crew – the associates in the production

PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL (PPC)

 Production: transformation of raw materials to finished goods.

 Planning: looks ahead, anticipates possible difficulties and decides in advance as to how the production, best, be
carried out.
 Control: phase makes sure that the programmed production is constantly maintained.

PRODUCTION SYSTEM

 System is a whose function is to convert a set of inputs into a set of desired outputs.

PRODUCTION PLANNING

 Given a specific process planning, process technologies and production conditions

 Predetermine varieties, quantities, quality, and scheduled of products to be produced according to market
demand of products.

TIME DIMENSIONS

 Long Range Planning is done annually and focus on a planning horizon greater than one year.
 Medium Range Planning usually covers a period from 6 months to 18 months, with monthly or sometimes
quarterly time increments.
 Short Range Planning covers a period from one day or less to six months, with weekly time increment usually.

PRODUCTION PLANNING

 Planning
That may be defined as the technique of foreseeing every step in a long series of separate operations.
Each step to be taken at the right time, and in the right place and each operation to be performed in maximum
efficiency.
 Routing
Under this operations, their path and sequence are established.
The main aim of routing; determine the best and cheapest sequence of operations and to ensure that this
sequence is strictly followed.
Routing procedure involves following different activities;
 An analysis of the article to determine what to make and what to buy
 To determine the quality and type of material
 Determining the manufacturing operations and their sequence
 An analysis cost of the article
 Determination of scrap factors
  Scheduling
It mainly concerns with time element and priorities of a job.
The pattern of scheduling differs from one job to another which is explained as below:
 Production Schedule
 Master Schedule
 Manufacturing Schedule
 Loading
Defined as the relationship between load and capacity, so as to assign the work for the production.
Capacity: the time available for work at work centers expressed in machine hours or in man hours.
Load: to assign work to the capacity available at particular work centers.
It includes the assignment of the work to the operators at their machines or work places.
Loading determines; who will do the work as routing determines; where and scheduling determines; when it
shall be done.

PLANNING PHASE

 Prior Planning
Forecasting
 Type, Quantity, Quality
Product Design
 Specifications, Bill of Materials
Order Writing
 To undertake a particular job.
 Active Planning
Process Planning and Routing
 Economic Process, How to do, Where to Work
Materials and Tools Control
 Requirements, Controls
Loading
 Assignment of Work, Manpower, Machinery
Scheduling
 Time Phase, Sequence of Work
 Action Phase
Dispatching
 Ordering to start the working
 Control Phase
Progress Reporting
 Data Reporting, Performance Comparison
Corrective Phase
 Expediting, Replanning

PRODUCTION CONTROL
Production control; is the process of planning production in advance of operations, establishing the exact route of each
individual item part or assemble, setting, starting and finishing for each item, assembly
the finishing production and releasing the necessary orders as well as initiating the necessary follow-up to have the
smooth function of the enterprise.
  Dispatching
Involves issue of production orders for starting the operations.
 Movement of materials to different workstations
 Movement of tools and fixtures necessary for each operation
 Beginning of work on each operation
 Recording of time and cost involved in each operation
 Movement of work from one operation to another in accordance with the route sheet
 Inspecting or supervision of work
 Following Up
 It includes delays or deviations from the production plans.
 It helps to reveal detects in routing and scheduling, misunderstanding of orders and instruction, under loading or
overloading of work.
 Inspection
To ensure the quality of goods. It can be required as effective agency of production
 Corrective Measures
Involve any of those activities of adjusting the route, rescheduling of work changing the workloads, repairs and
maintenance of machinery or equipment, control over inventories of the cause of deviation is the poor
performance of the employees

MATERIAL REQUIREMENT PLANNING (MRP)

Philosophy MRP – Materials should be expedited when their lack would delay the overall production schedule.

Aim of MRP

 Renewal of products inventory

 To meet customer orders

Factors of MRP

 Main Production Plan

 Product Tree
 Inventory Situation Folder
 Performance Report
 Planned Order Schedule
 Special Situation Report

Advantages of MRP

 Ability to price more competitively

 Reduced inventory
 Reduced price
 Better customer service
 Better response to market demand
 Ability to change master schedule
 Reduced idle time